• The tire
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• s.85
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• pp.26-33
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• 1979

합성고무의 주원료인 Butadiene-Naphtha-원유에 대해서는 1973년의 석유위기 이후, 작년말 이란 혁명을 계기로 재차 어려운 국면을 맞이하게 되었다. 그 동안 OPEC의 원유가격의 대폭인상 결정, 동경 Summit에서의 선진국들의 석유 수입제한목표의 설정 등 세계경제의 동향에 큰 영향을 미치는 결정 등이 계속 나와 석유 및 석유화학제품의 수급구조도 크게 변화될 것으로 보인다. 그 과정에 있어서, 고무원료의 장기수급 동향을 정확히 확정하기에는 매우 어려운 일이나 합성고무와 천연고무의 현상태를 분석하여 앞으로의 전망에 대해서 각종자료를 바탕으로 검토해보고자 한다. <편집자주>

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.58-63
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• 2007

In recent years, the technologies for the production of synthetic fuel from natural gas have been attracting considerable interest because of high oil prices. While oil prices remaining high, GTL (Gas-to-Liquids) technology would provide an attractive option for utilizing gas resources. Furthermore, GTL fuels contain almost zero sulfur and low aromatics and have a very high cetane so that they are estimated to be environmentally friendly diesel fuels able of meeting the advanced fuel specifications of the 21st century. GTL process generally consists of three primary steps: synthesis gas production from natural gas reforming, hydrocarbon production from synthesis gas by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, product upgrading by hydrocracking/hydroisomerization. This paper presents a brief summary of GTL technology and worldwide development trend about it focusing on the reforming of natural gas and the F-T synthesis.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2013

Heavy oil residue upgrading process was being used in conventional refinery process. Recently, as the importance of non conventional energy development is growing up, the commercial projects of heavy oil upgrading are getting more active than before. For having competitive business model in the resource competition, non conventional energy development should be considered as an important business strategy. In developing oil sands, extra heavy oil, and shale gas, canadian oil sands and extra heavy oil have great importance in substitution of conventional oil consumption. In oil sands development, the bitumen, which is extracted from oil sands, has great value after upgrading or refining process. Similar process is being used current conventional refinery process. The bitumen is highly viscous hydrocarbon. This bitumen includes impurities which can not be treated in conventional refinery process. As this reason, specified process is needed in bitumen or extra heavy oil upgrading process. Moreover, there will be additional specified facilities in the process of production, transportation and marketing. In oil sands, there are various kinds of commercial upgrading process. Extraction, dilution, coking and cracking method were being used commercially.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2009

Oil sands are sands containing bitumen similar to crude petroleum. Oil sands had not received enough interest because of the high production cost. However, in the current record-high oil price situation, oil sands are considered as new sources for unconventional oil. In this study, patents analysis was performed for the technologies of production of synthetic crude oil from oil sands. The patents covered were open patents applied in Korea, US, Canada, Japan, Europe, and China. The patents were divided into five detailed technologies; mining and in-situ, extraction, upgrading, fuelling, and other technologies. For oil sands technologies, there have been steady patent applications, since the first patent was applied in 1969. The number of patents applied appeared to be affected by the variation of world oil price. The portion of patents applied in US and Canada was about 90% of the overall patents and it means 05 and Canada have led oil sands technologies. Mining and in-situ technologies, and extraction have been developed actively and occupied more than 77% of the overall patents. However, the number of patents applied for mining and in-situ technologies, and extraction has been constant or started to decrease since 2000. The number of patents applied for upgrading technologies increases recently and it shows the development of upgrading technologies is active now.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.453-460
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• 2017

4차 산업혁명의 바람이 불어오고 있는 지금, 합성생물학 분야는 표준 기술 개발을 통해 '디지털 생물제조업'이라는 새로운 제조업으로의 성장이 기대되고 있다. 나아가 생물학적 부품의 구조 및 기능, 생물 정보 등과 관련하여 다양한 합성생물학의 표준이 제안되고 있기에 신속한 대응이 필요하다. 이에 합성생물학을 둘러싼 지적재산권, 규제에 대한 검토를 통해서 기술발전을 저해 촉진하고 있는 요소들을 도출하고자 한다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.16-26
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• 1990

고대 이집트시대에서부터 동식물 유지가 차축유 등에 쓰여진 것이 잘 알려져 있으며 유지는 화학적으로 일종의 에스테르이다. 현재 사용되는 윤활유는 그 대부분 원유를 원료로 하는 석유계 윤활유이고 그 외에 동식물유 및 합성 윤활유가 일부 쓰이고 있다. 각종 도구나 기계류의 윤활제로서 동식물 유지가 쓰여지기 시작한 것은 기원전 1500년경부터라 한다. 합성윤활유는 19세기 중엽부터 연구개발이 시작되어 1930년대부터 1940년 사이에 Standard oil of Indiana사이에 $\alpha$-Olefin Oligomer를 그리고 독일 IG 사에서는 Olefin Oligomer와 에스테르를 처음 공업생산하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.592-599
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• 2008

Oil sands had not received enough attention due to high production cost. However, as oil price significantly increases, oil sands are receiving more and more interest as unconventional crude oil. The value and applicability of oil sands can be enhanced by upgrading oil sands bitumen to produce synthetic crude oil (SCO). This study analyzed 213 oil sands upgrading patents applied between 1969 and 2006 in US, Canada, Japan, Europe, and Korea. The upgrading technologies could be classified into 9 detailed technologies; hydrocracking, coking, thermal cracking, deasphalting, supercritical technology, bio-technology, hydrotreating, gasification, and others. The number of patents applied for oil sands upgrading increased after 1970, reached a maximum in the early 1980, and slowly increases again in recent years. Korea has a lack of technologies for oil sands. Therefore, the technologies for oil sands production and application, specially, upgrading technologies based on accumulated oil refinery technologies need to be developed to increase self-development ratio of energy resource.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.717-720
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• 2011

Due to the depletion of fossil fuel, high oil price and global warming issue by green house gas such as CO2, clean synthetic fuel technologies using biomass, especially GTL(Gas To Liquid) technology, have been greatly attracted. This paper has examined and compared the worldwide technologies trend of natural gas reforming reaction, F-T(Fisher-Tropsch) synthesis and upgrading process which are three backbones of GTL technology.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.745-751
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• 2002

Several bacterial strains producing biosurfactants were isolated from polluted marine and soil by oil. One of the strains named LSC11 showed strong production activity of biosurfactants. This strain was identified as a Bacillus sp. LSC11 based on the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The biosurfactant, produced by the strain, emulsified crude oil, vegetable oil, and hydrocarbons. The surface tension of the culture broth of Bacillus sp. LSC11 decreased to 32 mN/m. The crude biosurfactant was obtained from the culture broth by acid precipitation, freeze drying, solvent extraction, and evaporation. The emulsifying activity of the biosurfactant showed better than the chemically synthesized surfactant (SDS, Span40, Span 85). The biosurfactants had strong properties as an emulsifying agent and as an emulsion-stabilizing agent.

• 해운
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• s.99
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• pp.14-20
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• 2013

석유생산이 정점을 짝은 후 감소한다는 피크오일(Peak Oil)의 대표사례로 지목되던 미국에서 원유생산이 39년 만에 증가세로 전환됐다(<그림 1> 참조). 2012년에는 WTI 유가 1% 하락에도 불구하고 미국은 주요 신유국 중에서 이라크에 이어 세계 두 번째로 빠른 석유생산 증가율(8.9%)을 기록하면서 세계 최대 석유 생산국으로 발돋움했다. 최근 들에서는 멜릴린치와 삭소은행 등 일부 투자은행들이 2년 내에 WTI 유가가 배럴당 50달러로까지 하락할 수 있다는 견해를 내 놓았다. 석유 생산 확대세가 이어지면서 미국내에서 거래되는 유가가 절반 가까이 하락할 수 있다는 것이다. 미국이 빠른 석유 생산 확대를 보이는 데에는 비전통 석유인 타이트 오일(Tight Oil)의 역할이 크다. 타이트 오일은 셰일가스가 매장된 셰일층, 즉 모래와 진흙이 굳어진 지하 퇴적암층에 존재하는 원유다. 탄소 함유량이 많고 황 함량이 적은 경질유이기 때문에 LTO(Light Tight Oil)라고 지칭되기도 한다. 일부에서는 셰일층이라는 매장위치를 감안해 셰일오일(Shale Oil)이라 부르기도 한다. IEA와 EIA 등 주요 에너지 기관들은 동식물의 사체가 원유로 변하기 전 단계인 케로젠(Kerogen)이 주성분인 오일셰일(Oil Shale)과 오일셰일에 열을 가해 합성 석유로 만든 셰일오일을 타이트 오일과 구분하고 있다. 타이트 오일의 잠재력을 평가하고 중장기 생산 전망과 이로 인한 국제석유시장 파급효과를 살펴본다. 다음은 엘지경제연구원에서 발표한 '셰일혁명으로 부상한 Tight Oil, 유가 안정 역할 커진다'의 주요 내용을 요약 정리한 것이다.