• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.119-139
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• 2017

The construction in the ancient Greek era had more meanings than a construction in the present education. Based on this fact, this study examines the meaning of the current textbook. In contrast, we have extracted the meaning of the constructions in Euclid Elements. In addition, we have been thinking about what benefits can come up if the meaning of the construction in Euclid Elements was reflected in current education, and suggested a way to exploit that advantage. As results, it was confirmed that the construction in the current textbook was merely a means for introducing and understanding the congruent conditions of the triangle. On the other hand, the construction had four meanings in Euclid Elements; Abstract activities that have been validated by the postulates, a mean of demonstrating the existence of figures and obtaining validity for the introduction of auxiliary lines, refraining from intervening in the argument except for the introduction of auxiliary lines, a mean of dealing with numbers and algebra. Finally we discussed the advantages of using the constructions as a means of ensuring the validity of the introduction of the auxiliary line to the argument. And we proposed a viewpoint of construction by intervention of virtual tools for auxiliary lines which can not be constructed with Euclid tool.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.122-129
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to propose a way that improves the construction management for remodeling of building. The study attempts to deal with the case study for application and suggests some positive and negative lessons. The main contents and results of the study are as follows. (1) Through the repetitive joint meetings among the various participants, decision making for the remodeling process can be speeded up. (2) Clear work order and communication for work scope can be accomplished by using perspective drawing in design phase. (3) Reliable construction planning and scheduling for remodeling of building can be proposed through case study. (4) By a sound survey, conflict elements can be resolved in advance. Also reasonable procurement plan of equipments and multi-skilled labor can be important factors to keep a construction schedule in time. (5) Through the comparison a case project with other sites having a similar work scope, improvement effect in a time and cost aspect was analyzed quantitatively. The study also recommends that, as a future research, the remodeling process model be developed for more general applications in remodeling of building.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2006

ILO has contributed for seafarers to promote conditions of employment and decent work through maritime labour standards. Between 1920 and 1996, a total of 39 Conventions and 29 Recommendations concerning seafarers have been adopted, which demonstrates the import part of ILO activities devoted to seafarers' questions. But many instruments were outdated, deficient and not reflective of modern practice, many contained technical detail which discouraged ratification. the Governing Body of ILO, at its 262nd Session(March-April 1995), decided to set up a Working Party regarding the revision of maritime labour standards. This Working Party initiated its examination of maritime instruments to 273rd Session(November 1998) of the Governing Body. The review made by the Working Party has concluded that existing maritime Conventions were considered either up to date or were identified for promotion, most of which were approved by the Governing Body. Therefore, ILO started to create a single, coherent instrument embodying as far as possible all up-to-date standards of existing maritime labour convention. The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 has been adopted in February 2006. This paper aims to analyze the significance of this convention and the influence regarding to maritime labour affairs in the field of shipping industry.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.1 s.117
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• pp.115-119
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• 2007

ILO has contributed for seafarers to promote conditions of employment and decent work through maritime labour standards. Between 1920 and 1996, a total of 39 Conventions and 29 Recommendations concerning seafarers have been adopted, which demonstrates the important part of ILO activities devoted to seafarers' questions. But many instruments were outdated, deficient and not reflective of modern practice, many contained technical detail which discouraged ratification. The Governing Body of ILO, at its 262nd Session(March-April 1995), decided to set up a Working Party regarding the revision of maritime labour standards. This Working Party initiated its examination of maritime instruments to 273rd Session(November 1998) of the Governing Body. The review made by the Working Party has concluded that existing maritime Conventions were considered either up to date or were identified for promotion, most of which were approved by the Governing Body. Therefore, ILO started to create a single, coherent instrument embodying as far as possible all up-to-date standards of existing maritime labour conventions. The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 was adopted in February 2006. This paper aims to analyze the significance of this Convention and the influence regarding to maritime labour affairs in the field of shipping industry.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.24-24
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• 1993

1991년 한국에서 열렸던 밀리미터파 및 적외선천문학에 관한 동북아시아지역 Workshop에서의 합의에 근거하여, 장래의 동북아시아천문대와 동북아시아 지역에 있어서의 당면적인 국제협력관계를 만들어가기 위하여, 중국오지에서의 지상관측을 위한 1차 부지탐사를 1993년 9월에 대만, 일본, 중국, 한국의 4개국 합동으로 추진하였다. 천문학은 본래 지극히 국제적인 과학이며, 따라서 국제협력없이는 앞으로 나아가지 않는다. 그러나, 과거의 여러 사정에 의해 현재 정상적인 협력관계에 놓여있지 않는 대만, 일본, 중국, 한국이 동북아시아 제국 공통의 최신의 관측소를 가지고서는 상호간에 밀접하게 천문학연구를 진행해 나가기 위한 하나의 꿈이 곧 동북아시아천문대라고 할 수 있다. 동북아시아천문대는 이 지역에서의 천문학의 공통적인 활동장소를 만들어나가는 것을 지향하고 있다. 즉, 여러 나라의 연구자들끼리 자연적으로 밀접한 교류를 행해 나가는 가운데, 천문학을 발전시켜나가는 센터를 만들고자 하는 것이다. 그러므로 여기서 계획하고 있는 부지탐사는 이러한 꿈을 실현해 나가기 위한 첫걸음이라고 할 수 있다. 현재 가시광, 적외선, 밀리미터파, 서브밀리미터파를 막론하고, 지상관측에 있어서 요구되는 조건은 모두 같다고 하겠다. 날씨가 좋고, 건조하여 수증기양이 적으며, 공기의 흔들림이 적고, 인간의 활동에 지장이 없을 정도의 높이와 교통편이 좋을 것 등을 들 수 있다. 그러므로 이번 1차부지탐사에서는 연간일조시간이 3000시간 이상에 달하는 후보지에 대한 대기의 종합적인 측정을 행하며, 아울러 가능하다면 적절한 장소에 소형의 적외선 및 서브밀리미터파의 망원경을 두는 공동계획을 구체화한다.ofile occurs along north-south direction there are a few peaks in most line profiles, and these indicate that there not multiple velocity components along the line of sight. Distributions of excitation temperah at and column density which were estimated from the excitation calculations show the existence of a small(IxEpc),hot(Tex> SOK) core which contains two tempegatlue peaks at -15" east and north of MDS. The column density of HCaN is (1-3):n1014cm-2. Column density at distant position from MD5 is larger than that in the (:entral region. We have deduced that this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.673-692
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• 2006

In order to test for the dynamic optimality condition for the use of nonrenewable resource, it is necessary to estimate the shadow value of the resource in situ. In the previous literatures, a time series for in situ price has been derived either as the difference between marginal revenue and marginal cost or by differentiating with respect to the quantity of ore extracted the restricted cost function in which the quantity of ore is quasi-fixed. However, not only inconsistent estimates are likely to be generated due to the nonmalleability of capital, but the estimate of marginal revenue will be affected by market power. Since firms will likely fail to minimize the cost of the reproducible inputs subject to market prices under realistic circumstances where imperfect factor markets, strikes, or government regulations are present, the shadow in situ values obtained by estimating the restricted cost function can be biased. This paper provides a valid methodology for checking the dynamic optimality condition for a nonrenewable resource by using the input distance function. Our methodology has some advantages over previous ones: only data on quantities of inputs and outputs are required; nor is the maintained hypothesis of cost minimization required; adoption of linear programming enables us to circumvent autocorrelated errors problem caused by use of time series or panel data. The dynamic optimality condition for domestic coal mining does not hold for constant discount rates ranging from 2 to 20 percent over the period 1970~1993. The dynamic optimality condition also does not hold for variable rates ranging from fourth to four times the real interest rate.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.215-226
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• 2018

In this paper, to estimate the dynamic behavior of a submerged floating tunnel(SFT) by underwater explosion(UE), the SFT is modeled and analyzed by the explicit structural analysis package LS-DYNA. The section of SFT near to explosion point is modeled to shell and solid elements using elasto-plasticity material model for concrete tubular section and steel lining. And the other parts of the SFT are modeled to elastic beam elements. Also, mooring lines are modeled as tension-only cable elements. Total mass of SFT is including an added mass by hydrodynamic effect. The buoyancy on the SFT is considered in its initial condition using a dynamic relaxation method. The accuracy and the feasibility of the analysis model aree verified by the results of series of free field analysis for UE. And buoyancy ratio(B/W) of SFT, the distance between SFT and an explosion point and the arrangement of mooring line aree considered as main parameters of the explosion analysis. As results of the explosion analysis, the dynamic responses such as the dent deformation by the shock pressure are responded less as more distance between SFT and an explosion point. However, the mooring angle of the diagonal mooring system can not affect the responses such as the horizontal displacement of SFT by the shock pressure.