• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.363-384
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• 2014

The adequate measurement of government expenditure efficiency for Energy Technology Development is a difficult empirical issue and the literature on it, particularly when it comes to aggregate and international data. Contribution in this study is threefold: first this study analyze the adequate measurement of government expenditure efficiency on Energy Technology sector of 24 OECD countries and korea. Second this study reconstruct efficiency composite indicators, named "Energy Technology Development Interest level indicator". Third this study assesses the efficiency of government expenditure for Energy Technology Development. The results can be summarized as follow: Korea's government expenditure efficiency for Energy Technology Development is highly ranked among 25 OECD countries based on Energy Technology Development R&D Budgets and Energy Technology Development R&D Budgets per thousand units of GDP indicators. However, Korea's ranking has fallen to 20th. The assessment suggests that government will be have to provide more government expenditure to enhance the efficiency on Energy.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2012

As increasing the use of pesticides both in number and amount to boost crop production, consumer concerns over food quality and safety with respect to residual pesticides are also continuously increasing. However, there is still lacking of information that can effectively help to remove residual pesticides in foods. In recent years, contaminant removal by gas (or) glow discharge plasma (GDP) attracts great interests on environmental scientists because of its high removal efficiency and environmental compatibility. It was shown to be effective for the removal of some organophosphorus pesticides, phenols, benzoic acid, dyes, and nitrobenzene on solid substrate or in aqueous solution. This work mainly focuses on the removal of wide range of residual pesticides from fresh fruits and vegetables. As for preliminary study, the experiments were carried out to investigate whether GDP can be used as an effective tool for degrading target pesticides or not. With this objective, 60 selected pesticides drop wised onto glass slides were exposed to two types of GDP, dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) and low pressure discharge plasma (LPDP), for 5 min. Then, they were washed with 2 mL MeCN which were collected and used for determination of remaining concentration of pesticides using LC-MS/MS. Among selected pesticides, degradation of 18 pesticides (endosulfan-total was counted as one pesticide) by GDP could not be examined because control treatments, which were left in ambient environment, of those pesticides recovered less than 70% or even did not recover. However, majority of tested pesticides (42) were degraded by both types of GDP with satisfactory recovery (>80%) of control sample. Pesticides degradation ranged from 66.88% to 100% were achieved by both types of plasma except clothianidin which degradation in LPDP was 26.9%. The results clearly indicate that both types of gas discharge plasma are promising tools for degrading wide range of pesticides on glass substrate.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-22
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• 2012

China has used the Antidumping policy as a trade protection tool against Japanese products due to reduce the deficit of trade balance of payment, boost the economic growth and protect its weak industries. This paper investigates whether there is a connection between the China's macroeconomic activity and pressures for protection to Japanese products under antidumping measures with using the current data that come from the WTO, World Bank for 1997 to 2010. The result suggests that pressures for protection under Antidumping measure against exporting of Japanese products to China have increased during periods of macroeconomic weakness like high unemployment, larger deficit of trade balance and decreased during periods of macroeconomic strength.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.45-48
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• 1993

13억의 인구와 370만 평방마일의 영토를 가진 중국은 공산주의 경제체제에서 자본주의 경제체제를 도입하여 시장개방, 자유경쟁 경제방식으로 전환함에 따라서 급격한 경제성장을 이루어 국제통화기금(IMF)의 1993년 보고에 의하여 국내총생산액(GDP)가 1조 6천억$로 미국, 일본에 이어 세계 3위의 경제 성장을 이루어 경제강대국으로 부상하고 있고 아울러, 무한히 넓은 땅덩어리와 천연 및 인적자원을 기초로 한 앞으로의 성장잠재력이 크게 기대되어 미국, 일본을 비롯한 선진국이 중국에 대한 투자를 다방면으로 검토하기 시작했고 생명공학분야도 예외없이, 연구분야에는 포장시험, 임상시험 등 실용화 연구에 중국측 강점을 이용한 협동연구, 중국정부 자체가 상업화 가능성이 높다고 판단하는 Torch High Technology Development Center에의 외국기업이나 연구소의 참여 등으로 확대되고 있다. 산업계는 벤쳐 케피탈의 활성화를 통한 첨단기술에 대한 투자를 적극적으로 실시하는 한편, 제약 및 생명공학분야의 합작투자를 통해서 외국의 기술, 장비, 자본 및 노하우를 도입하고 있다. 우리나라는 여러 산업 분야에서 대중국 투자 또는 협력이 활발히 이루어지고 있지만, 생명공학 분야는 그렇지 못한 것 같다. 연구개발의 국제경쟁력은 우리나라의 자체 연구개발도 중요하지만, 아울러, 외국에 대한 연구 동향을 파악함과 가능한 분야에 대한 투자와 협력을 통한 공동관심과제의 도출은 중요한 의미를 갖는다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.169-182
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• 2017

This research reviews regulations on logistics/transport industry and attempts to quantify the effects of regulation mitigation on GDP per capita. South Korea's transport industry has been gradually expanding, however, the industrial structure is still short rooted. In 2014, average number of hours worked is 5th highest and wage margin 12th smallest out of 18 industries. Furthermore, the regulations for this industry appear to be stricter than those of other industries. OECD's logistics/transport industry regulatory index for South Korea has been decreasing for the last 40 years but still exceeds those of EU, Japan, US, and other countries. This paper provides supporting reasons for regulatory reforms by analyzing the ripple effects on real GDP. Factors such as the ratio of trade among GDP, the enrollment rate to primary school, energy usage per capita, and population are controlled in the fixed-effect model. Estimation results showed that 1 unit decrease in transport/logistics regulatory index is correlated with 8.1% increase of the real GDP per capita, that is, 10% of deregulation is expected to yield 2.16% increase in GDP per capita. Thus, it is expected that mitigating regulations on market entries, price determination, ownership structures of network industry, vertical integrations can improve the economy of South Korea.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 1998

From 1993 to 1996, 1,500 cases of foodborne disease was reported annually in Korea. Salmonellosis were 55.1% of the reported bacterial fordborne disease cases. However, in general, it is estimated that the reported incidence of salmonellosis represents less than the real incidence. This study showed that salmonellosis estimates 177,000 cases (about 150 times of reported cases) costing 5.9 billion won in Korea. Only medical costs and productivity losses were included in the estimate of costs of the 177,000 cases estimated to occur in 1996. This estimates were considerably difference to U.S.A. in cases and costs, but not significantly difference in cases/population (%), expense/GDP (%). Understanding the social economic costs of foodborne disease will be endorsed risk assessment as a necessary method for evaluation and improving food safety regulatory programs in Korea.

• Feed Journal
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• v.3 no.5 s.21
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• pp.66-72
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• 2005

대외경제 규모가 국내총생산(GDP)의 70$\%$를 차지하고 있는 우리나라는 명실상부한 통상 국가이다. 쉽게 말해 1만 5천 달러의 1인당 국민소득 중 1만 달러가 무역에서 나오고 국내에서 5천 달러만 생기는 것으로, 싫든 좋든 무역을 통해 먹고 살아야 할 운명을 가진 나라이다. 이렇듯 무역규모 12위의 통상국가인 우리나라는 오늘날 커다란 도전에 직면해 있다. 우리의 수출시장인 주요 교역국들이 자유무역협정(FTA: Free Trade Agreement)을 통해 그들끼리 관세를 철폐하며 더 높은 수준의 무역 자유화를 주고받는 배타적인 시장을 형성해 나가고 있기 때문이다. FTA는 이제 더 이상 선택이 아니라 세계 각국의 필수적인 통상정책이 되었다. 세계무역기구(WTO)에 따르면, 금년 1월로 162건의 FTA가 발효 중이고, 올 연말까지는 FTA 역내국간 무역이 세계무역의 50$\%$를 넘을 것으로 전망된다. 세계 제일의 경제대국인 미국도 예외는 아니어서 FTA 체결국과의 교역이 35.3$\%$를 차지하고 있다. 이에 반해, 우리나라는 지난해에서야 첫 번째 FTA인 한$\cdot$칠레 FTA를 천신만고 끝에 발효시켰을 따름이다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2014

The paper uses a panel gravity model to analyse the determinants of export via Gwangyang port for the period from 2000-2012. The gravity model includes export via Gwangyang port, GDP and population of trading partners, the distances between Korea and its partners, and Korea-ASEAN FTA dummy. Hausman test shows up which one is exactly appropriate between random effect estimation and fixed effect estimation to use panel dataset. It depends on whether or not existence or nonexistence of the correlation between unobserved omitted factors and variables. Fixed effect estimation is suitable for this paper by the rejection of null hypothesis. An Empirical analysis of this paper shows GDP influences positive effects and distance influences negative effects to Gwangyang port trading partners. In addition, the results strongly supported the effects of Korea-ASEAN FTA on the growth of Gwangyang port export.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.313-331
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• 2007

In a rapidly changing environment of international trade, the purpose of this study is to examine economic benefits and losses of each country involved in the negotiation on the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in Northeast Asia and to prepare strategies for the negotiation in the FTA between Korea and China. Previous researches on FTA have been made mainly from the macroeconomic perspective. The approach in this study is a combination of regulatory, reviewing regulations, and economic making quantitative analysis of the economic effects of FTA, which are the basic background of FTA. In economic analysis, I estimated the macroscopic economic effects of FTA by examining the effects of FTA on the trade balance, GDP and production of focal countries through the Computable General Equilibrium(CGE) model using GTAP data set.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.517-522
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• 2007

본 연구는 미국경제의 영향을 비교적 많이 받고 있는 한국경제가 미국경제에서와 같이 집권정당별로 정당 간에 주가수익률을 비롯한 거시경제정책 뚜렷한 차이가 있을지를 분석하였다. 미국의 경우 공화당과 민주당은 각각 프리드먼과 케인즈 경제학을 바탕으로 그 경제 정책의 차이점을 나타내고 있다. 미국의 기존연구 결과들을 살펴보면, 대체로 주가 초과수익률, 금리수준, GDP성장률 및 실업률 등에서 집권정당별로 뚜렷한 차이점을 보이고 있는 것으로 발표되고 있다. 본 연구의 분석결과, 우리나라의 경우에는 각 집권정부별로 상이한 특징을 발견할 수 있었다. 첫째, 김영삼대통령정부들어서부터 통화정책의 외생성이 나타나면서, 통화가 증가하면서 인플레이션율에 영향을 주었고 이는 다시 주가수익률과 경기동행지수증가율에 긍정적인 작용을 한 시기로 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 김대중대통령정부 기간 중에는 주가수익률, 회사채수익률과 경기동행지수증가율 사이에 특별한 외생성이 없이 상호영향을 준 시기로 판단된다. 셋째, 노무현대통령정부 기간 동안에는 금리하향 안정세가 뚜렷한 가운데 이로 인한 유동성이 주가수익률에 연결된 시기로 보인다.