• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.20-32
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the etiology and risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalization in Korean children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Clinical information of children admitted with CAP to Seoul National University Children's Hospital (SNUCH) between January 1, 2021, and February 28, 2022, was retrospectively collected and analyzed. In addition, the etiologic diagnosis and demographic data of children with CAP who were discharged at the other seven hospitals between January and February 2022 were collected. Pneumonia was diagnosed using strict criteria comprising clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, and chest radiographic findings. Results: Among 91 children hospitalized with CAP at SNUCH during the 14-month period, 68.4% were aged <5 years and 79.1% had underlying diseases. Among the 95 CAP cases, respiratory assistance was required in 70.5%, and the use of a ventilator was required in 20.0%. A total of five patients expired, all of whom were either immunocompromised or had underlying neurological diseases. Neurological diseases and immunosuppression were significantly correlated with respiratory assistance (P=0.003) and death (P=0.014). A total of 55% of the detected respiratory pathogens were viruses, the most common of which was rhinovirus at 35.9%. Among the 169 children hospitalized for CAP at the eight institutions, ≥1 respiratory virus was detected in 92.3%, among which respiratory syncytial virus (79.8%) was the most prevalent. Conclusions: Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean children were hospitalized with CAP caused by seasonal respiratory viral pathogens. Although atypical and pyogenic bacteria were not detected, continuous clinical monitoring and further prospective studies should be conducted.

• Vending industry
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.97-114
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• 2008

뜨거운 무더위가 기승을 부리던 지난 여름 7월의 한날. 동국대학교에 경영학과 3학년에 재학 중인 여대생 3명이 한국자동판매기공업협회 사무실을 찾았다. 이들의 방문목적은 일본 자판기 시장 탐방을 위한 사전조사로 국내 자판기 산업의 현황과 과제를 알기 위해서였다. 그들은 국내 자판기 산업에 대한 뜨거운 호기심으로 궁금해 하던 질문을 연방 쏟아 냈고, 얼마 후 일본을 떠났다. 그들이 이런 탐방을 가능하게 했던 것은 국가 청소년위원회에서 지원해 주는 '청소년 해외연수프로그램' 덕택이다. 청소년의 국제적인 능력을 배양하고 글로벌리더로서 성장할 수 있도록 지원해주는 이 프로그램에 '자판기'를 탐방과제로 제출한 게 선정이 되어 일본 자판기 시장 탐방을 지원받게 된 것이다. 끊임없는 도전 정신을 갖춘 대학생들이 자판기 시장을 보는 시각은 어떤 선입견도 거부한다. 반면 자판기 업계에 종사하는 사람들은 노상 봐 오던 자판기 시장을 무덤덤하고 타성에 젖은 시각으로 보기 쉽다. 이런 점에서 그들의 일본 시장 탐방은 보다 참신하고 객관적인 시각을 가질 수 있다. 일본 자판기 시장을 좌충우돌 누비며 탐방을 완료한 그들의 탐방기가 욕심이 났던 이유가 여기에 있다. 흔쾌히 원고 게재를 허락해준 탐방단 황혜원님, 정달래님, 박계령님, 이혜원님에게 감사드리며, 지금부터 그들이 안내하는 "일본 자판기 시장 탐방기"를 따라가 보자.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.64.2-64.2
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• 2018

지금으로부터 100년 전, 하버드대학교 천문대에서 에드워드 찰스 피커링과 윌리어미나 플레밍, 애니 점프 캐넌 등의 여성 천문학자들이 분광관측 자료를 가지고 헨리 드레이퍼 목록(HD catalog)을 만들기 시작했다. 이는 항성분류의 근간을 마련하고 현대 천문학의 본격적인 시작을 알리는 일이었다. 현재 국립청소년우주센터는 이를 기념하여, 디지털 이미지로 보유중인 1975년에서 1999년에 걸쳐 발간된 "Michigan catalog of HD stars"의 사진건판을 활용한 연구를 진행 중이다. 본 센터를 방문하는 청소년이 100년 전 그들과 한 것과 같은 고전적 항성 분류과정을 체험하며, 별의 스펙트럼을 이해하고 우주를 이해하는데 필수적인 분광학에 대한 이해를 높이길 기대한다. 이를 위한 선행 작업인 대물프리즘 사진건판 이미지에서 별의 스펙트럼을 추출하는 과정을 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.331-340
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to verify resilience's mediation effects in the effects of adolescents' experience of abuse damage on aggressiveness in the convergence era. Towards this end, this study used the 7th year data (2016) (4th grade to the first year of high school) of Korea Children & Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). The findings of this study are as follows: First, the correlations between experience of abuse damage, aggressiveness, and resilience variables were confirmed using multicollinearity VIF values. Second, adolescent's abuse experiences significantly affected their aggressiveness. Third, the partial mediation effects of resilience were shown in the effects of adolescents' experience of abuse damage on their aggressiveness. For the verification of mediation effects' significance, the Sobel test was carried out. The findings of this study are meaningful, as this study provides empirical data. Based on the findings, this study proposed the need of resilience consolidation programs for adolescents in the practice of social welfare.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2017

Purpose: Influenza vaccination coverage in adolescents is an important goal of informed vaccination policies and programs. This study aimed to estimate the influenza vaccination coverage rate and investigate the factors influencing influenza vaccination coverage in Korean adolescents. Methods: The study population consisted of 5,213 adolescents (aged 12 to 18 years) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2014 (except for 2013). We analyzed influenza vaccination coverage in relation to the demographics, lifestyle, and medical characteristics of the participants. Results: The influenza vaccination coverage rate, during the study period, was 23.2% (range, 21.1% to 24.7%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that factors influencing influenza vaccination were elementary school age (odds ratio [OR], 1.706; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.526 to 1.906), good self-rated health status (OR, 1.192; 95% CI, 1.057 to 1.344), a drinking status of non-drinker (OR, 1.769; 95% CI, 1.474 to 2.122), a smoking status of non-smoker (OR, 1.459; 95% CI, 1.144 to 1.860), and a past diagnosis of pneumonia (OR, 1.469; 95% CI, 1.076 to 2.006). Conclusions: Influenza vaccination coverage in Korean adolescents is relatively low. Special efforts are needed to increase vaccination coverage for adolescent groups with low vaccination rates including adolescent smokers and drinkers, middle and high school age adolescents, and adolescents with a poor self-rated health status.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.276-289
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of leisure activities on middle school and high school students' adjustment to school lives and, in the relationship between their leisure activities and adjustment to school lives, review the mediating effect of psychological happiness and academic stress. For this study, middle school and high school students of the schools located in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were surveyed over two weeks from November 1 to November 15, 2021, followed by empirical analysis. The findings of this study were as follows; First, the leisure activities of teenagers had a positive impact on their psychological happiness. Second, the leisure activities of teenagers had a negative impact on academic stress. Third, the leisure activities of teenagers had a positive impact on school life adjustment. Fourth, the psychological happiness felt by teenagers had a positive impact on the adjustment to school lives. Fifth, the academic stress of teenagers had a negative impact on school life adjustment. Sixth, in the relationship between leisure activities and school life adaptation, psychological happiness and academic stress had significant mediating effects. The implication of this study is that it provided theoretical and empirical data for developing a strategy to help teenagers adapt to school and cope with school stress with sound leisure activities and high happiness.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.192-217
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• 2001

Object：This study was carried out to classify adolescents in runaway shelters by evaluating their psychopathology. And the ultimate purpose is to offer basic data for preventing adolescents‘ runaway and for diversifying runaway shelters suitable for the problem of individual adolescent. Method：128 adolescents who stay in the runaway shelters were asked to complete self-report qeustionnaires including basic sociodemographic data, Child Behavior Check List(CBCL), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), and Symptom Check List-90-Revised(SCL-90-R). Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(K-WAIS)[or Korean Educational Developmental Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(KEDI-WISC)] and Bender-Gestalt test(BGT) were also done by clinical psychologists. Results：The most common age of the subjects were 15-year-old, and they dropped out their schools in the middle school most commonly. Mostly they were from middle class family and their parents' educational level were high school graduates. The first runaway episode was most common in the middleschool period, and their runaways were repeated. The most common frequency of runaways were more than 10 times. About 10% of them abused drugs and about 80% of them abused alcohol. One third of them had experiences of illegal problems and 10% of them engaged in sexual activity for money. 95 adolescents(83%) in CBCL, 42 adolescents(36%) in SCL-90-R, and 70 adolescents(69.3%) in MMPI showed clinical significance. In intelligence test, 22 adolescents(22%) were mentally retarded. In BGT, 35 adolescents(39.4%) manifested brain dysfunction signs. Conclusion：Runaway adolescents in the shelters have variable and severe psychopathology. Their psychopathology is classified as follows；The behavior disorder group, the mood disorder group with anxiety/depression, the somatic disorder group with somatic symptoms, and the psychosis group with possibility of severe psychopathology. Therefore it is very important to evaluate psychiatric problems of runaway adolescents, and specific therapeutic interventions according to their problems are required.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the publication trends of children and adolescents' smoking-related researches published in Korean academic journals. Three hundred fifty papers published until 2018 were analyzed by focusing on the publication year, research participants, research themes and research methods. As a result, smoking-related research on children and adolescents increased sharply from 1995 to 2000, and the trend continued. The main research participants were general children and adolescents and the most frequently studied themes were 'Associated Factors,' 'Intervention,' 'Prevalence,' 'Prevention,' 'Characteristics,' 'Law and Policies,' 'Scales,' 'Review and Theories' respectively. The most frequently used research method was the quantitative method. Moreover, the most common data gathering method was using questionnaires, and the number of papers which used panel data was gradually increasing. Future studies were suggested to explore a broader range of themes, and a balanced research approach was also recommended using both qualitative and mixed methods.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.23-43
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• 2009

This study examined the relativity between school uniform behavior(especially attitude toward school uniform, school uniform satisfaction, school uniform alteration) and attitude toward appearance in the adolescence. From November to December in 2007, 898 middle school and high school students from four schools in Jeollabuk-do Province were analyzed and the influence of relevant variables was understood to gather basic information about the fashion life in the adolescence. This study used SPSS 11.5 for Windows Program to conduct frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple comparison test, and Pearson's correlation. The following summarizes the findings of this study: The results of analysing the factors to the response attitude toward uniforms and attitude toward appearance and clothing attitude emerged four dimensions(fashion, symbolism, cleanliness, alternation), three dimensions(needs value conformity toward appearance). In attitude toward uniform, female students were more actively altering their uniforms than male students and middle school students were more sensitive to trends than high school students. However, high school students were more aware of the cleanliness and alteration of uniforms. Overall, most students were not very satisfied with their uniforms (design, color, texture). When students' attitude toward appearance and demographical characteristics were examined, it was found that female students were more aware of desire, value, and conformity in appearances than male students. By age, it was found that high school students were more aware than middle school students. Also, students receiving KRW 30,000 or more for monthly allowance were more aware than others who receive a lower amount between KRW 10,000 and KRW 20,000. Therefore, most students(62.1%) have experiences in altering uniforms. Especially, more female students and more high school students had such experiences. Uniform alteration is more related to attitude to appearance. In other words, students who choose to alter their uniforms are highly aware of desire, value, and conformity toward appearance. Students who are satisfied with all factors regarding attitude toward uniform, except for alteration, did not alter their uniforms that much. In addition, when the relativity between students' attitude toward appearance with uniform was considered, students that are not very satisfied with their uniforms were more aware of desire, value, and conformity toward appearance. In conclusion, it was found that students' attitude toward appearance and school uniform behavior are closely related and their interests in appearance lead to alteration of uniforms, the clothing in which they spend most time of the day. From now on, students' opinions shall be considered when selecting or designing school uniforms.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-88
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• 2014

In this study, we examined the use of cosmetics among adolescents in our country and their purchasing behavior, as the use of cosmetics has increasingly been prevailing in the younger generation. The aims of this study were to investigate the state of the youth cosmetics market, to grasp the needs of youth and ultimately to suggest the right directions for the youth cosmetics market. The subjects in this study were 1,092 boys and girls from 10 selected secondary schools in Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 1,074 respondents were gathered, and the collected data were analyzed by the statistical package (SPSS WIN 18.0). The vast majority of the teens participated in the survey were answered to use basic cosmetics daily, and there was a gradual increase in the frequency that they used color cosmetics. They started to use cosmetics earlier in ages than the older generations. Most of them were in trouble due to acne, and the most dominant way to get rid of their skin troubles was by using cosmetics. The most common place at which they purchased cosmetics were brand shops, and they gave priority to the function of the products when they bought cosmetics. The adolescents were still told by their schools to abstain from using cosmetics, and that was the case for social climate as well. Yet they definitely wanted to be allowed to use cosmetics.