• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.121-138
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• 2014

China and Korea have interacted with each other for 20 years since 1992 when China and Korea established diplomatic relations. During this period, the trade and investment between two countries have increased rapidly. In addition to the enhancement of economic cooperation and the expansion of personal exchange, the relationship between two countries was upgraded to mutual strategic cooperative relationship in 2008 from the 1 friendly and cooperative relations and the economic exchange and cooperation were largely expanded. In this paper, the current situation and characteristics of the trade between China and Korea were figured out. In order to find out the development direction of China and Korea trade, through empirical analysis, the correlation of decisive factors that influence the trade amount of these two countries were analyzed. In terms of dependent variables for the empirical analysis, the trade amount between China and Korea was considered. While the GDP of these countries, the direct investment amount of two countries and the openness of external trade of these countries were considered as independent variables. The degree of economic freedom of these countries was set as policy variable. According to the analysis results, when the GDP of China and Korea is getting higher, there is positive influence on the trade amount of China and Korea. It is showed that the direct investment of Korea has positive influence on the trade amount of China and Korea. Meanwhile, there is negative influence of China's direct investment on the trade amount. When the degree of freedom of these countries is getting higher, the influence of trade amount was showed significantly. Furthermore, when the economic freedom of these countries is getting higher, the insignificant things about trade amount of China and Korea were extracted as insignificant.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.777-807
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• 2012

This study analyzed the impacts of FTAs (Free Trade Agreements) actively being promoted by the Korean government on the Korean economy, energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and found the policy implications in terms of the linkage amongst them. The simulation analysis by using a global CGE model, KEEI-GCGE, found that the effectuation of Korea-USA, the Korea-EU and the Korea-China-Japan FTAs at the same time would increase the real gross domestic product (GDP) of Korea by 2.04%. In addition, the energy consumption and GHG emissions of Korea are estimated to increase by 3.33% and 1.53% respectively. These results imply that the various medium and long-term plans and policies related to energy and GHG emissions in Korea should systematically reflect those potential impacts of the FTAs.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of agricultural products in Korea, China and Japan and the effect of increasing imports from Korea and China. and then we discussed how to cooperate in the agricultural trade field between the three countries. The results are summarized as follows. First, The intra-industry trade of agricultural products was the most active in Korea and China, followed by the intra-industry trade index between Korea and Japan. The intra-industry trade between China and Japan were the lowest. Second, The mutual complementarity of agricultural products trade between Korea, China and Japan is mostly high. Among them, Korea and Japan are the highest, while Japan and China have the lowest complementarity. Third, it was found that in tariff elimination, imports of rice and meat products increased the most, while the import growth rate of green tea, meat products and ginseng increased the most. Finally, the three countries in Korea, China, and Japan can consider the way to increase the trade of agricultural products in the region by internalizing the trade of complementary items while maintaining a constant level of production of mutually competitive products.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.59-88
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• 2020

This study is to examine the influence of Asian countries on the economic field, and to explain the characteristics and purposes of China's Belt and Road Initiative using data analysis. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the influence and characteristics of China's One-to-One Road Initiative on the economic sector by examining trade and investment in Asian countries adjacent to China. In particular, the One-to-One Road initiative is proceeding in a way that connects China and neighboring countries. It is to understand the dependence of the Asian countries in China on the Chinese economy. In addition, it is intended to derive implications by grasping and evaluating what the level is based on data. This study also attempts to grasp the influence and ripple effects of the one-on-one strategy on the Chinese economy and the North Korean economy, where dependence is deepening. Recently, the strategy for Asian countries through a one-to-one initiative in China has been restructured in the framework of the construction of the "21st century Maritime Silk Road" and emphasizes the cooperation mechanism led by the country. In progress of the one Belt and One Road, Chinese ICT companies are remarkable. This study looked at the influence of China's digital one Belt and One Road on Asian countries.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2015

This study verifies the change in market conditions in the Korea-China and Korea-Japan car ferry routes. Variation in historical development has led to differences in the lifecycle stages of these two car ferry shipping markets. However, previous studies have focused on individual car ferry routes rather than offering a more general understanding of this market. Based on the foregoing, we investigate the international car ferry market conditions from/to Korean ports, assess the management performances of car ferry companies, analyze the lifecycle stages of each car ferry route, and offer insights into the future of these markets. We show that the competitive market conditions and demands of passengers and cargoes differ between these routes. As for the market stage, we conclude that the Korea-China route is entering a mature market, whereas the Korea-Japan route is entering a declining stage.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1667-1671
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• 2010

한국은 전체곡물 자급도가 27.2 % (2007년 기준)로 낮기 때문에, 농산물 수입에 의한 가상수 수입이 다른 나라들에 비해 매우 크다. 이와 같이 물 수입 의존도가 높은 한국의 경우, 국제적인 가상수 흐름이 식량 안보, 농업 수자원 정책 등의 국가적인 수자원 정책에 있어서 매우 중요한 고려 사항이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 2003년부터 2007년까지의 국제적인 무역통계를 바탕으로 우리나라에서 수출입이 이루어지고 있는 곡물 중 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 밀, 벼, 옥수수 및 대두 등의 4개 작물에 대하여 주요 농산가공품의 가상수량을 산정하고, 이를 바탕으로 농산가공품 교역에 의한 가상수 수입량을 산정하였다. 그 결과 원료 작물 기준으로 밀, 벼, 옥수수, 및 대두의 가상수의 순수입량을 보면, 밀이 4,026.28 $M\;m^3$, 벼가 449.17 $M\;m^3$, 옥수수가 6,152.94 $M\;m^3$, 대두가 5,369.16 $M\;m^3$으로 나타나 옥수수가 가장 많은 가상수를 순수입하여 전체 순수입량의 38.5%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 국제적인 가상수 교역량을 바탕으로 한 우리 나라의 물발자국 (water footprint) 산정에 있어서 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.469-493
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• 2011

This paper attempts to examine the economic impact of technological barrier to trade(TBT) between Korea and China by using international input-output approach. With the tariff/quota reduced or eliminated since WTO's launch, the interest in TBT as a non-tariff barrier has been increased, and then there have so far been a large number of empirical studies on quantifying its effect in foreign. But still this area of study in Korea is limited in the literature survey. In encouraged in this situation, focusing on bilateral trade between Korea and China, which has been significantly increased in recent years, we have tried to estimates the impact of TBT on their output and employment. We use Asian International Input-Output Table(AIIO) for the year 2000 published by IDE-JETRO, and also use the estimated sectoral TBT provided by Ha et al.(2010). According to the result, there will be generated $3.63 billions values in outputs, and 18.1 millions persons in employments at most. And also we found that there is weak interdependence in sectoral and spatial linkage between two countries.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2011

This paper studies the impact of Korean introduction of the Generalized System of Preferences(GSP) to developing countries, which are continuously arguing to support research and development for reducing greenhouse gas(GHG) emission with developed countries in the Conference of the Parties(COP) of UNFCCC. This paper is focusing on the expecting effects of trade and GHG emission reduction when Korea provides GSP to Indonesia, Brazil, and Ethiopia, which are selected in the first session of Global Green Growth Institute(GGGI). This paper uses the methodology of the intra-industry trade index multiplied by Korean import-induced coefficients. To Indonesia, Korean probable GSP would benefit exports of Indonesian agriculture, forestry, fishery, and livestock farming industries, which would contribute to Indonesian reduction of GHG emission. To Brazil, the exports to Korea would increase in the GHG sensitive industries such as metal, fat, oils, food, and beverage industries. Ethiopia belongs to the least developed countries. So Korean GSP would support the exports and GHG reduction in Ethiopian agriculture, forestry, fisheries, textiles, and leather industries. Without conflicting most favored nation treatment(MFN) principle in WTO, the introduction of GSP would be a good compensation for GHG reduction to developing countries.

• Strategy21
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• s.46
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• pp.239-276
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• 2020

The failure of early economic sanctions aimed at hurting the overall economies of targeted states called for a more sophisticated design of economic sanctions. This paved way for the advent of 'smart sanctions,' which target the supporters of the regime instead of the public mass. Despite controversies over the effectiveness of economic sanctions as a coercive tool to change the behavior of a targeted state, the transformation from 'comprehensive sanctions' to 'smart sanctions' is gaining the status of a legitimate method to impose punishment on states that do not conform to international norms, the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction in this particular context of the paper. The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council proved that it can come to an accord on imposing economic sanctions over adopting resolutions on waging military war with targeted states. The North Korean nuclear issue has been the biggest security threat to countries in the region, even for China out of fear that further developments of nuclear weapons in North Korea might lead to a 'domino-effect,' leading to nuclear proliferation in the Northeast Asia region. Economic sanctions had been adopted by the UNSC as early as 2006 after the first North Korean nuclear test and has continually strengthened sanctions measures at each stage of North Korean weapons development. While dubious of the effectiveness of early sanctions on North Korea, recent sanctions that limit North Korea's exports of coal and imports of oil seem to have an impact on the regime, inducing Kim Jong-un to commit to peaceful talks since 2018. The purpose of this paper is to add a variable to the factors determining the success of economic sanctions on North Korea: preventing North Korea's evasion efforts by conducting illegal transshipments at sea. I first analyze the cause of recent success in the economic sanctions that led Kim Jong-un to engage in talks and add the maritime element to the argument. There are three conditions for the success of the sanctions regime, and they are: (1) smart sanctions, targeting commodities and support groups (elites) vital to regime survival., (2) China's faithful participation in the sanctions regime, and finally, (3) preventing North Korea's maritime evasion efforts.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2017

Strawberries are one of the main commodities in Korea and have been exported over 30 million dollar. And the safety has recently become an important issue in the agro-trade, pesticide residue is most important matter of safe agricultural products. As strawberries can be cultivated using elevated production system, so it is possible to use the drenching. When spraying the pesticides, the use of drenching can be lower amount of residual than using foliar treatment. In this study, time sequential residual amount of pesticides were compared between drenching and foliar application in strawberries. Pesticides were treated with the standard and double dosage and samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, 13, 16 and 21 day and analyzed by LC and LC-MS/MS after liquid-liquid extraction and QuEChERS. Two pesticides were detected less than 1 mg/kg in all samples for drenching treatment. Carbendazim residues in drenching treatment were 5 to 25 times lower than foliar application. And azoxystrobin was not detected in strawberries of drenching treatment.