• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.282-300
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• 2009

This paper attempts to focus the ways in which Seoul as an urban space can be read and interpreted from gender perspective, assuming Seoul as a cultural text which represents modernity and post-modernity. Drawing on discussions of urban sociology and human geography which have analyzed the relationship between material spaces and social subjects, this paper explores the gendered segregation and representations of space in Seoul which has been constructed through the process of modernization. The framework of spatial interpretation of Seoul, concentrating on imageablity and legibility, consists of three dimensions; gendered division of labour and sphere, dichotomy of representations along with femininity and masculinity, and the ways of interlocking between modernity and post-modernity. In this paper, 'fl$\check{a}$nerie', Benjamin's method of interpretation of urban culture and the way of seeing with 'speculum' of Irigaray are adopted as metaphoric methodologies. It is an attempt to develop a new methodology to analyze and interpret urban space from gender-cultural perspective.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.571-584
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• 1991

잉어과(Gyprinidae)의 Zocco속 어류 4종과 Candidia속 어류 1종에 대한 종간 유연관계와 종분화 연대측정 및 이들의 지질학적 분포경로를 밝히기 위하여 한국, 일본 및 대만에서 채집된 개체를 대상으로 전기영동법에 의한 유전자 분석을 하였다. 각 종의 지역별(한국, 일본, 대만) 집단간 유전적 유연관계를 분석한 결과 평균 유전적 근연치는 90% 이상이었다. Z. temmincki의 경우 일본집 단들은 한국의 A-type 집단과는 유연관계가 가까왔으나 한국의 B-type과는 유전적 차이가 현저하러다. Z. PlaD여5의 경우 한국집단과 일본집단사이의 유연관계는 S = 0.852였고, 한국집단과 대만집단 사이는 5 = 0.672, 일본집단과 대만집단 사이는 S = 0.751로서 지리적으로 현저한 차이를 업였다. Z. pochycephalus 3개 집단간의 유전적 근인치는 S = 0.963이었고 Candidia borbota 2개 집단간은 S = 0.946이었다. 종간의 유전적 근연환계를 비교한 결과 Candidia borbota와 Z. temmincki사이는 S = 0.608, Z. pluDpus와 1. pachycephalus사이는 S = 0.612였으나, Z. temmincki와 Z. platypus사이는 S = 0.441, Z. temmincki 와 Z. pochycepholus 사이는 S = 0.350이었고, Z. plotpus와 Condfda barbata사이는 S = 0.328로서 이들 사이에는 현저한 유전적 차이가 있었다. 각 종간의 롱분화 연대를 추산한 결과 이들은 약 480만년 전인 Pliocene 초기에 공통 조상종에서 분화하여 Z. temmincki, Candidia borbato group과 Z. plotypus, Z. pochycepholus group으로 분리되었고 약 260만년 전인 Pliocene 후기에 Z. temminc소와 Candidia borbota로 분화되었다고 추산되며 약 80만년 전인 Pleistocene시기에 남 temmincki B-type에서 h-type이 분화되었다짙 여겨진다. 한편 또 다른 한 단opP은 약 230만년 전인 열iocene후기에 대만 지역의 Z. plotypas에서 Z. pochvcepholus가 분화된 후 현재에 이르렀다고 추정된다. Z. platypus는 약150만년 이전인 초기 Pleistocene시기에 대만지역에서 한국 및 일본집단으로 분리되었다고 보며 이들 한국집단과 일본집단은 약 50만년 전 Pleistocene의 Middle기에 고황하 수계를 거쳐 현재의 분포 상황에 이르렀다고 여겨진다. 한편 대. temmin체과의 B-type에서 저온 적응으로 분화되었다고 추측되는 A-type은 약 20만년 전인 Pleistocene의 Riss기에 역시 고황하 수계를 통하여 한국과 일본으로 분포하여 현재에 이르렀다고 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.2073-2080
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• 2015

Even though users choose goods they want to buy in on-line shopping malls, real purchase is often performed in off-line shopping malls. It is called reverse showrooming. It means that users' analysis of goods based on images and description of internet shopping malls has limitation. Thus, large-scale online shopping malls provide a customized shopping information. However, in that case, the provided information is a simple list of goods users bought or retrieved. Thus, a system to analyze various needs of users and apply the result into on-line shopping mall is necessary. In this paper, an analysis system is proposed. The system contains a module to analyze user defined preference and a module to analyze users' reviews. The former designates two goods and collects preferences of individual users. the latter analyzes reviews about purchased goods based on database dictionary stored in advance for analyzing reviews. The system implemented shows that it is possible to recommend some goods that meet each users's needs

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.313-319
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity, diet and mental health of elderly and to use the study as basic data for a program development for elderly. This was a secondary data analysis study using the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey and the study subjects included 1,484 individuals aged 65 and over. The results showed that depression and stress perception in young-old were higher than old-old's and the suicidal ideation rate of old-old was higher than young-old's. In case of eating patterns, 'poor eating' in old-old was higher than young old's. Regression analysis showed that middle-intensity physical activity and eating patterns were associated with mental health of the elderly. Based on the results, it is necessary to develop a differentiated nursing intervention program suitable for the elderly by age.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.29-44
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• 2019

A major performance stage carpenter, Jang Insang led performance stages from the 1719 Sukjong Royal Banquet and was confirmed by historical records to be the first craftsman. Lee Wandeuk led the Hwaseong Fortress performance stages of the Jeongjo period and Gichuk Jinchan performance stages of the Sunjo period. The carpenter techniques he used during the Jeongjo period were succeeded to the Sunjo period. Ahn Sungil was the head craftsman who led the performance stages of Jagyeongjeon Jinjak, Muja Jinjak, and Gichuk Jinchan of the Sujo period, under which the foundation for court palace performances was laid. The progression of major carpenters includes Jang Insang of the Sukjong period, Jeon Yoochu of the Yeongjo period, Ahn Sugil of the Sunjo period, Yoon Seoksin of the Heonjong period, Kim Yoonsik of the Gojong period, Lee Jongyoon, Kim Soongil, Seo Sangmook, and Han Sujoon. In addition, the Major Repair of Injeongjeon Hall (1857) of the Cheoljong period was the most important palace construction project for transferring the carpenters' skills. Through this project, Ahn Sungil of the Sunjo period, Kim Myeonggap, Yoon Seoksin of the Heonjong period, Kwon Deuknyang, and Kim Sungil of the Gojong period were able to interact with each other. That is, this major repair project of Injeongjeon Hall reflected the major carpenters' best techniques through performance stage construction, showing the progression of Ahn Sungil, Yoon Seokshin, and Kim Sungil, who led the constructions of Gichuk Jinchan of the Sunjo period (1829), Mushin Jinchan of the Heonjong period (1848), and Jeonghae Jinchan of the Gojong period (1887), the most impressive performance stages of the late Joseon period. The carpenters of the court performance stages participated in important construction projects of the royal palace, reflecting the superior technical skills of the carpenters in the construction of court palace performance stages. The carpenters who played a leading role in the construction of performance stages were able to interact with one another and transfer their excellent technical skills, providing the driving force that allowed court performance stages to blossom into splendid and high-quality court stages in the late Joseon Dynasty.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2022

The eggs development and early life history of Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae was investigated. The adult fishes were collected in Yeongsangang River, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, and their spawning inducement was carried by sex maturation hormone (Ovaprim) injections. Spawning amount was mean 31±3.5 Mature eggs were cicular in shape and mean 2.40±0.05 mm in diameter. Hatching period of the embryo was 230 to 240 hours after fertilization under water temperature of 22℃. The newly hatched larvae were 10.7±0.19 mm in total length (TL). 3 days after hatching, postlarvae was measured 12.0±0.13 mm in TL and the tip of the caudal fin was bent at 45°. 11 days after hatching, it was measured 14.6±0.13 mm in TL, and transferred to juvenile as the number of fins (iii7 dorsal fin, iii6 anal fin, i7 ventral fins) reached a constant number of each part.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2023

This study investigated the early life history of the Micropercops swinhonis in Botongcheon stream Hangang River and compared the relationship between the related species and flexibility. The fertilized egg of the ovoid type, and the average egg diameter was 1.23 mm in long diameter and 0.85 mm in short diameter. At a water temperature of 20.6℃, the hatching time took 179 hours. The newly hatched larvae measured 3.82~4.08 mm in total length (TL), and their mouth and anus were not yet open. At 18 days after hatching, the postflexion larvae reached 7.97~8.43 mm in TL, with the tip of the caudal fin bent at 45°. At 29 days after hatching, the juveniles reached 9.83~10.8 mm in TL and were differentiated by their constant number of fins (7~10 first dorsal, 10~11 second dorsal, 7~10 anal fins). As a result of the study, there was a difference from the related species in the egg diameter, the newly hatched larva size. The postflexion larvae period and the development period of the first dorsal fin were the slowest among the comparable simila species, and the size was characterized by a large number, indicating a difference from similar species in the early life history process.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.316-338
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• 1988

To identify the physiological phenomena on the sudden wilting of japonica/indica crossed varieties, Pot experiment was carried out under the heavy N application with various levels of potassium in Japan. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Sudden wilting was occurred in both varieties used, Yushin and Milyang 23. The former showed a higher degree than the latter. 2. Sudden wilting was occurred into two types, one at early ripening stage and the other at late ripening stage. The former type was found in the field with low potassium supply and the latter was seemed to be related to varietal wilting tolerence. 3. By the investigation of concerning the effective tillering rate and the change of dry weight of each organ at the heading stage, it was inferred that the growth status from young panicle formation stage to heading stage were related to sudden wilting tolerence. 4. Manganese content at heading stage, ratio of Fe/Mn and Fe. Fe/Mn in stern at late ripening stage and $K_2$ O/N ratio of stem at harvesting stage were recognized as the specific factors in connection with sudden wilting. Mn content in the sudden wilting rice plant was already in creased remarkably at heading stage. In relation to root age and absoption characteristics of Mn, the senility of root before heading stage was inferred as the cause of increase the value of Fe/Mn or Fe. Fe/Mn. 5. The $K_2$ O/N ratio of culm at harvesting stage was lower in upper node than lower node in relation to sudden wilting. And it was well accordance with the fact that the symptoms of sudden wilting proceeded from upper leaf to lower leaf. These phenomenon was different from the usual one that the effect of potassium deficiency was more remarkable in lower node than upper node. 6. All varieties which have a condition of potassium deficiency have a high degree of nitrogen content of leaves at heading stage and the $K_2$ O/N ratio of each organ was low, Especialy, $K_2$ O/N ratio is much lower in sheath and culm than leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1995

One of the oldest fossil of conifers and taxads in the Korean peninsula includes Elatocladus, Ullmannia, Walchia and dates back to the Permian period of the Palaeozoic era. The only conifer which successfully survived since the Cretaceous period is Pinus and still thrives in Korea. The extinction of Miocene conifers, such as Sciadopitys, Taxodiaceae, Metasequoia and Cryptomeria may due to the climatic deteriorations during the late Pleistocene period. However, the cryophilous conifers and taxads, e.g..Pinus, Juniperus, Abies, Picea, Cupressaceae, Larix and Taxus continued to exist from the Miocene to the late Pleistocene and became major vegetational elements in the mountainous areas of Korea. As the temperature ameliorates in the late Holocene period, thermophilous Pinus (Diploxylon) gradually had increased in numbers and became a dominant vegetation in the lowland and montane areas since 2,000 years B.P. in korea. Out of various Korean conifers and taxads, Pinus which surviving since the Cretaceous period of Mesozoic era, ranges spatially from southern coastal area to northern alpine belt of the Korean peninsula. Pinus which contains largest species number in conifers is one of the most well-adapted genus to the Korean environment. The next important conifer Juniperus dates back to the Miocene period of Cenozoic era and continuously maintains speciation and expansion of distributional range. Other major conifers and taxads of Korea include Picea, Abies, Lorix and Taxus. The restriction of distributional range of Cephralotaxus and Tsuga may due to the climatic deterioration during the Pleistocene period of Cenozoic era. The patterns of the temporal and spatial distribution of Korean conifers and taxads may provide invaluable informations for the better understanding of present-day distributional range and ecology.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.6 no.1_2 s.7
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• pp.20-24
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• 1998

Expert system is one type of artificial intelligence softwares that incorporate problem-solving knowledges and experiences of human experts by use of symbolic reasoning and rules about a specific topic. In this study, an expert system, PLAYMAKER2, is used to interpret sedimentary facies and depositional settings of the sedimentary sequence. The original version of the expert system, PLAYMAKER, was developed in University of South Carolina in 1990, and modified into the present PLAYMAKER2 with some changes in the knowledge-base of the previous system. The late Cenozoic sedimentary sequence with maximum 10,000 m in thickness, which is located in the Korean Oil Exploration Block VI-1 at the southwestern margin of the Ulleung Basin, is analysed by the expert system, PLAYMAKER2. The Cenozoic sedimentary sequence is divided into two units-lower Miocene and upper Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments. The depositional settings and sedimentary facies of the Miocene sediments interpreted by PLAYMAKER2 in terms of belief values are: for depositional settings, slope; $57.4\%$, shelf; $21.4\%$, basin; $10.1\%$, and for sedimentary facies, submarine fan; $35.7\%$, continental slope; $26.3\%$, delta; $16.1\%$, deep basinplain; $6.1\%$ continental shelf; $3.2\%$, shelf margin; $1.4\%$. The depositional settings and sedimentary facies of the Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments in terms of belief values we: for depositional settings, slope; $59.0\%$, shelf; $22.8\%$, basin; $7.0\%$, and for sedimentary facies, delta; $24.1\%$, continental slope; $22.2\%$, submarine fan; $17.3\%$, continental shelf; $7.0\%$, deep basinplain; $4.8\%$, shelf margin; $2.6\%$. The comparison of the depositional settings and sedimentary facies consulted by PLAYMAKER2 with those of the classical interpretation from previous studies shows resonable similarity for the both sedimentary units-the lower Miocene sediments and the upper Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments. It demonstrates that PLAYMAKER2 is an efficient tool to interpret the depositional setting and sedimentary facies for sediments. However, to be a more reliable system, many sedimentologists should work to refine and add geological rules in the knowledge-base of the expert system, PLAYMAKER2.