• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 1990

Pharmacokinetic characteristics of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rH IL-2) wre studied in the rat. First, different doses of rH IL-2 ranging from 6,400 to 1,600,000 U/kg were injected intravenously and the effect of dose size on the pharmacokinetics was examined. There was no dose dependency in the pharmacokinetics of rHIL-2 in the dose range of 6,400-40,000 U/kg. But at the dose of 1,600,000 U/kg, there was a severe hemolysis throughout the experiment and the pharmacokinetic parameters such as Vdss and CLt were significantly increased compared to those obtained from lower doses. It also showed that this drug is hardly distributed to the peripheral tissues and hardly eliminated from the body, since the valume of distribution (Vdss) and total body clearance (CLt) were 45-75 ml/kg and 1-2 ml/min/kg, respectively. The Vdss is close to the actual plasma volume and the CLt is less than glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Therefore it seemed that rH IL-2 is distributed only in the plasma pool and hardly filtered in the kidney due to its very large molecular weight. Second, rH IL-2 was administered to the rat via several routes such as hepatic portal vein (PV), intraperitoneal (IP), peroral (PO) and intranasal (IN) routes. The bioavailabilities (BA) of PV, IP, PO and IN routes were 96.8, 4.9, 0 and 0.1%, respectively. The addition of some nasal absorption enhancers such as taurocholate, taurodeoxycholate, glycocholate and glycodeoxycholate did not increase the BA of intranasaly administered rH IL-2. The result is contrast to the effect of these bile salts on the nasal absorption of ${\alpha}-inteferon$. Considering it together with the pharmacokinetic parameters, very large molecular weight of rH IL-2 seemed again to be the cause to very poor membrane permeability.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.25
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• pp.211-237
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• 2006

Mansebo[만세보] contains a total of 111 old shijos under the title of Haedongyeongeon[해동영언]. This dissertation presumes Haedongyeongeon[해동영언] as early 20th century shijo text and surveys its literary characteristic and its significance in relation with anthological compilation. Haedongyeongeon can be seen as both newspaper serials and a short anthology. The basic pattern of the serials shows an organization of 'title. musical designation, author. text. and a brief review. Of these, the review is what most clearly shows the characteristic of the serials. The review is written in Chinese followed by Korean letters to designate the sound of the Chinese. which is presumably designed to attract more readers for the newspaper. On the other hand, Haedongyeongeon[해동영언], when seen as a collection of works printed in serials, clearly shows an intention of compiling an anthology, particularly in its way of overall classification of works or arranging works according to their authors, and thus may well be defined as a short anthology. This anthology somewhat excessively pursues perfection in formality, and is characterized by its strong intent to be read as popular literature, and therefore could be said to manifest the general characteristic of 20th century anthologies. The planner of the serial Haedongyeongeon[해동영언], or the compiler of the anthology is thought to be one of the core figures of Mansebo[만세보], that is, O Sechang[오세창], Lee Injik[이인직], Choi Yeongnyeon[최영년], Shin Gwanghui[신광희], but of them all, considering all circumstances, Choi Yeongnyeon[최영년] is most likely to be the one. Lastly, it is presently unknown what anthology was used as the basis of Haedongyeongeon[해동영언] and accordingly any judgement on that head has been deferred.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.204-214
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• 2018

Since LIDAR is advantageous for accurate information acquisition and realization of a high-resolution 3D image based on characteristics that can be precisely measured, it is essential to autonomous navigation systems that require acquisition and judgment of accurate peripheral information without user intervention. Recently, as an autonomous navigation system applying LIDAR has been utilized in human living space, it is necessary to solve the eye-safety problem, and to make reliable judgment through accurate obstacle recognition in various environments. In this paper, we construct a single-shot LIDAR system (SSLs) using a 1550-nm eye-safe light source, and report the analysis method and results of LIDAR signals for various measurement environments, reflective materials, and material angles. We analyze the signals of materials with different reflectance in each measurement environment by using a 5% Al reflector and a building wall located at a distance of 25 m, under indoor, daytime, and nighttime conditions. In addition, signal analysis of the angle change of the material is carried out, considering actual obstacles at various angles. This signal analysis has the merit of possibly confirming the correlation between measurement environment, reflection conditions, and LIDAR signal, by using the SNR to determine the reliability of the received information, and the timing jitter, which is an index of the accuracy of the distance information.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 1992

Municipal landfill leachate, a major source of soil contamination and ground water pollution, causes serious environmental problems. To investigate the removal efficiency of pollutants in the leachate by sand, briquet ash, fly ash, and activated carbon columns, COD and some pollutants in the leachate passed through each column for 8 weeks were examined. Average COD removal efficiency for 8 weeks was 83%, 45%, and 43% by activated carbon, briquet ash and fly ash columns, respectively. COD was not effectively reduced by sand column. Average ${NH_4}\;^+$ removal efficiency for 8 weeks was more than 60% by ail columns. Hardness was effectively removed for 8 weeks by fly ash and activated carbon columns. Anoins including $PO_4\;^{3-}$, $CI^-$ and $SO_4^{2-}$ were not removed by all columns.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.160-168
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• 2014

In the present study, water vapor adsorption was evaluated at 298.15K for 9 different zeolites having LTA, FAU, CHA, and RHO frameworks, and then effect of framework type, Si/Al molar ratio, and alkali ion type on water up-take was investigated. Zeolites showed water up-takes which were increased in an order of $RHO<CHA{\approx}LTA<FAU$ frameworks. NaY zeolite having FAU framework showed a water up-take of 406 mg/g at p/po=0.5. The up-take was a little larger than that of 13X zeolite with the same framework. Among LTA zeolites, Ca-type 5A zeolite showed the highest water adsorption (282 mg/g at p/po=0.5) which could be explained by the large pore volume. Both CHA zeolite with a Si/Al molar ratio of 2.35 and RHO zeolite with a Si/Al molar ratio of 3.56 showed considerable water up-takes, even though the Si/Al molar ratio was much larger than that of LTA zeolite. In the present study, it is announced that in addition to FAU and LTA zeolites, CHA and RHO zeolites can be a promising dehumidification adsorbent.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.141-149
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• 2014

In the present study, pure RHO zeolite was hydrothermally synthesized by using 18-crown-6 ether as a structure directing agent(SDA), and the small gases adsorption was investigated. Synthesized RHO zeolite was a cube shape particle of which average edge length was around $1.2{\mu}m$ and composed of primary crystallites having a diameter of around 100 to 200 nm. RHO zeolite structure was stable under 3h calcination at $600^{\circ}C$. Water adsorption data announced that RHO zeolite has a specific surface area of 483.32 m2/g and its micropore diameter was about 4 A. Gas adsorption was studied in the pressure range of 50 to 500 kPa for $CO_2$, $N_2$, $O_2$ and $H_2$. It was evident that RHO zeolite showed a strong $CO_2$ adsorption behavior. Especially, RHO zeolite showed a transient $CO_2$ adsorption behavior. The 3h $CO_2$ up-take at 50 kPa and 500 kPa was 1.283 and 3.357 mmol/g, respectively. The $CO_2/H_2$ selectivity was around 16 at 500 kPa. Compared with gas adsorption data for some representative microporous adsorbents, it was certain that RHO zeolite is a beneficial adsorbent for $CO_2/H_2$ separation.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.299-309
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• 2003

In an accidental release of radioactive materials to the environment the contaminative influence of animal products due to the inhalation of air and the ingestion of soil of livestock, both of which are dealt with as minor contaminative pathways in most radioecological models but may not be neglected, was investigated with the improvement of the Korean dynamic food chain model DYNACON Although mathematical models for both contaminative pathways have been established for considering all animal products and incorporated into the model, investigation was limited to milk. As a result, it was found that both pathways are influential in the contamination of milk in the case of an accidental release during the non-grazing period of dairy cows. In the case of an accidental release during the non-grazing period, the inhalation of air was more influential than the ingestion of soil in the early days following an accidental release. While, it was the opposite with the lapse of time. If precipitation is encountered during an accidental release, contaminative influence due to the ingestion of soil was greater compared with the cases of no precipitation, in general, because of a stealer deposition of radionuclides onto the ground. Precipitation during an accidental release was a less influential factor in $^{131}I$ (elemental iodine) contamination compared with the $^{137}Cs\;and\;^{90}Sr$ contaminations. In the case of an accidental release during the grazing period of dairy cows, the contaminative influence due to the inhalation of air was negligible.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 2003

We developed a grid-based Gaussian plume model to evaluate tracer release data measured at Young Gwang nuclear site in 1996. Downwind distance was divided into every 10m from 0.1km to 20km, and crosswind distance was divided into every 10m centering released point from -5km to 5km. We determined dispersion factors, ${\sigma}_y\;and\;{\sigma}_z$ using Pasquill-Gifford method computed by atmospheric stability. Forecasting ability of the grid-based Gaussian plume model was better at the 3km away from the source than 8km. We confirmed that dispersion band must be modified if receptor is far away from the source, otherwise P-G method is not appropriate to compute diffusion distance and diffusion strength in case of growing distance. So, we developed an empirical equation using linear programming. An objective function was designed to minimize sum of the absolute value between observed and computed values. As a result of application of the modified dispersion equation, prediction ability was improved rather than P-G method.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2000

The sensitivity analysis of input parameters was Performed fer an ingestion dose assessment model (U. S. NRC's Regulatory Guide 1.109 model) from routine releases of radionuclides. In this study, three kinds of typical Korean foodstuffs (rice, leaff vegetables, milk) and two kinds of radionuclides $(^{l37}Cs,\;^{131}I)$ were considered. The values of input parameters were sampled using a Latin hypercube sampling technique based on Monte Carlo approach. Sensitivity indices, which represent the influence or the importance of input parameters for predictive results, were quantitatively expressed by the partial rank correlation coefficients. As the results, the ratio of the interception fraction to the yield of agricultural plants and the human consumption rate were sensitive input parameters for the considered foodstuffs and radionuclides. Additionally, in case of milk, the transfer factor of radionuclides from animal intake to milk and the daily intake rate of feedstuffs were sensitive input parameters. The weathering removal half-life and the delay time from food production to human consumption were relatively sensitive for $^{137}Cs$ and $^{131}I$ depositions, respectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 1999

A methodology for determining the optimal durations of the use of contaminated crops as feedstuffs of cattle was designed based on the cost-benefit analysis method. The results of application for pigs, an omnivorous cattle, were discussed for the hypothetical deposition of radionuclides on August 15 when a number of crops are fully developed in Korean agricultural conditions. For investigating the relative cost-effectiveness of the use of contaminated crops as feedstuffs, the net benefit was compared with the case of the direct disposal of contaminated crops. The time-dependent radionuclide concentration in crops after the deposition was predicted using a dynamic food chain model DYNACON. The net benefit from the actions was quantitatively evaluated in terms of cost equivalent of doses and monetary costs of implementing the action. It depended on a number of factors such as radionuclides, variety of crops supplied as feedstuffs and duration of the actions. The use of contaminated crops as feedstuffs was more cost effective for $^{90}Sr\;or\;^{131}I$ deposition than for $^{137}Cs$ deposition.