• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.155-168
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• 2017

This study investigates how elementary students used cognitive-emotional rebuttals in the context of modeling activities, especially on how their emotional and cognitive processes lead them to use rebuttals in terms of epistemic affect. Twenty-five fifth grade elementary students participated in the study as part of their science class. During the course of their sixth periods, students constructed a human respiratory system model through continuous discussion. The research results showed that elementary students used an elaboration-oriented rebuttal, a defence-oriented rebuttal, and a blame-oriented rebuttal in their modeling activity. The elaboration-oriented rebuttal interspersed with negative epistemic affect was used to elaborate on a student's explanation, and a negative epistemic affect was elicited from their cognitive discrepancy. On the other hand, defence-oriented rebuttal and blame-oriented rebuttal entangled with negative epistemic affect were used to defeat the students rather than help rigor evaluation of students' explanation, and the negative epistemic affect was elicited from the other students' undesirable behavior. These results suggest that students' rebuttals can be elicited by epistemic dynamics related to the epistemic affect. The study shows that if negative epistemic affect were elicited from the other students' naive or false explanations, such an emotion is natural in terms of model construction, and the model can be further developed through the acceptance of the elaboration-oriented rebuttals by students' emotion regulation. In addition, we suggest that negative emotions aroused from the worsening of relationships during small group modeling activities are difficult to regulate and can have negative effects on students' cooperative model construction.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate elementary school students' understandings about scientific inquiry. Data were collected from 119 elementary students who are in the 4^th grade using the Views About Scientific Inquiry questionnaire for elementary students (VASI-E). We also conducted semi-structured interviews of 21 students from 119 students who responded to VASI-E. Students' responses were analyzed as naive, mixed, or informed views on each aspect of scientific inquiry that VASI-E includes. We found that, first, 53.8% of students have mixed views, and 30.3% of students have informed views, and 16% of students have naive views on the knowledge 'investigation begin with a question'. Second, 54.6% of students have naive views, 37.8% of students have mixed views, and 7.6% of students have informed views on the knowledge 'scientists use many methods to answer their questions.' Third, 47.9% of students have informed views, 34.5% of students have naive views, and 17.6% of students have mixed views on 'procedures guided by question asked.' Fourth, 55.5% of students have mixed views, 42% of students have informed views, and only 2.5% of students have naive views on 'conclusions must be consistent with data and explanations come from data and prior knowledge.' Based on the results, implications for teaching and learning scientific inquiry at elementary level in Korea were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.150-161
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• 2022

Matter is a basic concept that students should understand during their science classes. However, many difficulties are associated with understanding the concepts of matter due to its abstraction. In this study, the elementary school students' understanding of the concept of matter and the examples of matter and non-matter are investigated and analyzed by grade. The subjects of this study were 418 students from third grade to sixth grade. The survey was conducted using a free-response questionnaire comprising three questions. The results are as follows. First, the elementary school students' conceptions of matter were "materials that make up objects," "what can be seen and touched," and "solid, liquid, and gas." As the grade increased, the explanations for a material decreased and the explanations for the state of matter increased. Furthermore, only few students explained matter in terms of mass and volume. Second, solids were the most common examples of matter presented by the students, and liquids and gases were included in the upper grades. However, there were many cases in the upper grades where students were unable to distinguish between objects and matter. Third, non-matter was properly presented by the 6th graders as compared to the other graders, and in many cases, objects, liquids, and gases were mentioned as non-matter. Fourth, it was found that the students' conceptions of matter influenced the examples of matter and non-matter that they presented.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.64-81
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed pre-service teachers' levels of pedagogical reasoning while watching video clips of elementary school students' discussions of their conceptions of solution and dissolution. 81 pre-service teachers participated in the study. It was found that many pre-service teachers had scientific conceptions, and pre-service teachers who had non-scientific conceptions showed misconceptions similar to those of elementary school students. In both conceptions, pre-service teachers partially or comprehensively interpreted the students' misconceptions with reference to the evidence. However, the rates of pre-service teachers who misinterpreted or simply restated the students' utterances were quite high. Many pre-service teachers suggested only one factor related to levels of reasoning about causes of misconceptions, and most suggested factors were related to the student factor. The level of reasoning about instructional decisions differed according to dissolution and solution conceptions. Actions linked to students' thinking were more closely related to students' specific thinking than to their generic thinking, and among these, student-centered action was seen. From the above results, we sought ways of improving pre-service teachers' pedagogical reasoning.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.335-354
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate cognitive development and logical thinking formation levels of elementary gifted students and to compare with those of elementary regular students. For this purpose, 79 gifted elementary school students and 114 regular elementary school students in Kyunggi Province were participated, and GALT(Group Assessment of Logical Test) was administered to them. The results obtained in this study were as follows. First, the logical thinking scores of elementary gifted students were significantly higher than general students'(p<.05). Comparing the distribution of cognitive development level, elementary gifted students showed higher ratio in formal operation and lower ratio in concrete operation compared to the general students. It was interpreted that the cognitive development of gifted students preceded general students'. Second, analyzing according to the grade of elementary gifted students, logical thinking scores were significantly different between 5th graders and 6th graders(p<.05). Compared to 5th graders, logical thinking and formal operation ratio of 6th gifted graders showed significantly higher. The scores of four logical thinking areas except for conservational logic and correlational logic of 6th gifted graders showed significantly higher than 5th gifted graders'. Both 5th and 6th graders showed the highest formation ratio in combinational logic, and the lowest ratio in correlational logic. Third, logical thinking scores of gifted students according to gender did not show a significant difference(p>.05). The gifted boys reached formal operation more than gifted girls, but stayed more in the concrete operation. There was gender difference in correlational logic. The gifted girls showed significantly higher than gifted boys in correlational logic(p<.05).

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.167-180
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• 2019

This study analyzed the effects of the educational contextual variables on fourth grade students' mathematics achievement in five East Asian countries(Singapore, Hong Kong Taiwan, Japan and Korea) using TIMSS 2015 data. There are four findings of this study. The first is that the common student-home-level variables that give significant influence on the mathematics achievement in all 5 countries are 'Home resources for learning' and 'Parents' educational expectations'. But 'Literacy and numeracy activities before entering a school' and 'Parents' attitude for mathematics and science' are not common variables. The second is that 'Students' interest in math learning' gave significant influence on the mathematics achievement of in all 5 countries. The third is that 'Teaching limited by student needs' does not give significant influence on the math achievement in Korea, Taiwan, and Japan but in Singapore and Hong Kong. The fourth is that 'Student economic background' gave more significant influence in Korea, Taiwan, and Japan than Singapore and Hong Kong. Suggestions to improve elementary school mathematics teaching and learning are discussed in the conclusion.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.01a
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• pp.83-88
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• 2006

세계 최정상의 IT기술과 산업용 로봇 시장을 바탕으로 지능형 로봇 기술(RT: Robot Technology)을 확보하기 위하여 국가적 노력이 경주되고 있고 이러한 지식 과학 기술 확보를 위해서는 무엇보다도 과학적 인재 양성이 시급하다. 이에 초등학생의 과학에 대한 동기 유발과 창의력 신장에 적합한 로봇 프로그래밍이 각광을 받고 있다. 하지만, 국가적으로 중등 대학교육에서는 과학 인재 양성을 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 활성화 되어 있으나 초등학교에서는 교육 환경의 미비로 그 한계를 보이고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 초등학교에서의 로봇 프로젝트 학습을 구안하여 초등학생의 창의력을 신장하기 위한 로봇 프로그램 활용 교육에 대하여 연구하여 보았다. 이러한 연구를 통한 실험, 공작 중심의 로봇 탐구교육은 학생들의 컴퓨터 과학에 대한 흥미와 선호도를 높이며, 탐구 활동을 통해 논리적 사고력과 창의력을 함양하는데 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.01a
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• pp.204-209
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• 2006

지식을 스스로 찾아내고, 정리하는 능동적인 학습자 중심의 참여 교육이 강조되기 시작했기에 교육현장에서는 이를 뒷받침하기 위해서 기존의 교수법이 아닌 새로운 창의적인 교수법이 필요하게 되었다. 하지만 컴퓨터 교육에 있어서 그와 같은 교수법 관련 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 그리하여 본 연구에서 초등학교의 컴퓨터 교수법의 실태를 분석하고, 실제 초등학교 현장의 교수 학습 활동에서 활용할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 본 논문은 창의적 교수법을 초등학교 학생들의 수준에 맞추어 적용할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 그래서 활동 결과 학생들이 컴퓨터 학습에 지속적으로 흥미를 갖도록 하며, 자기 주도적으로 문제를 해결할 수 있는 능력을 기르고자 하는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구를 통해 창의적 교수법을 개발하여 실제 교육현장에서 적용해 보고자 하는 교사들과 컴퓨터와 친해져서 자기 주도적 학습을 하려는 초등학생들에게 도움이 되기를 기대해 본다.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.01a
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• pp.17-21
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• 2010

정보통신기술이 발달한 현대사회에 적응하려면 '정보처리능력'이 필요하다. 2005년 개정된 ICT 운영지침에도 이러한 사회 현상이 반영되어 '정보처리의 이해' 영역에서 초등학생부터 프로그래밍 교육을 할 것을 명시하고 있다. 그러나 교사들의 인식부족과 교수 학습 자료 부족으로 프로그래밍 교육이 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있다. 또한 프로그래밍 교육 내용이 단순한 언어의 소개 및 기능 위주의 내용으로 편성되어서 프로그래밍을 처음 접하는 초등학생에게 흥미를 주지 못하며 인지적 부담을 유발한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 풍부한 멀티미디어 환경과 쉽고 흥미로운 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하는 스크래치를 이용하는 프로그래밍 수업을 설계하였다. 기존 프로그래밍 교육의 단점을 해소할 수 있도록 학습자의 수준과 흥미를 고려하여 설계한 스크래치 교수 학습 방법을 이용한다면 프로그래밍 학습은 어렵고 복잡하다고 생각하는 학습자의 인식 변화와 더불어 학교 현장에서의 프로그래밍 교육을 활성화 하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2011.01a
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• pp.155-157
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 초등학생의 창의 인성 발달을 위한 교육용 로봇 활용방안을 제안한다. 미래사회는 '집어넣는 교육'이 아니라 '끄집어 내는 교육'이 중심이 되어야 하며, 그 핵심에 '창의성'과 '인성'이 존재한다. 그래서 창의 인성을 기르기 위해 교육용 로봇을 활용하여 지도하는 방법을 모색하고자 한다. 구체물을 사용하여 조작하는 것은 초등학생의 인지발달단계와도 맞물려 있으므로 흥미있게 주제에 접근하는 좋은 방법이 될 것이다. 하지만 이에 대한 관련 연구가 부족하여 앞으로 관련 교육과정 개발 및 교재 연구가 절실히 필요하다.