• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.108-117
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• 2011

In drafting the standards on changes in current conditions, the height or the number of stories is applied in a restrictive manner by limiting to securing the distance to vertical surface for cultural properties within the influence investigation area, but this is expected to have a negative impact on the surrounding sceneries as well as results in the dwarfing phenomenon for precious cultural properties. That is, the preparation for supplementing the insufficient objectivity that is likely to take place during the process of drafting the standards on changes in current conditions. Thus the author attempts to suggest the analytic method for the decision making related to objective and reasonable determination and regulation of the changes in current conditions through computer based simulation work that considers the cultural properties and surrounding environments under investigation. In order to achieve such research objectives, the author reviewed the subject sites where the cultural property dwarfing phenomenon was expected to occur in case of the permission for the changes in current conditions or where the impact of natural landscape and natural feature on the earth is less than architectural building or artificial structure or where the new policy program is likely to be adopted due to incomplete establishment of current condition change standard within influence investigation area, among other cultural properties with architectural building or artificial structure nearby located in Cheonan city and then selected Cheonansaji Dangganjiju(flag poles) and Jiksanhyun Gwana(government office). The author then undertook the quantitative visibility analysis in order to determine the comprehensive prospect rights for the cultural properties and surrounding environments concerned.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.137-147
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• 2011

This study aims to find out the construction process and planning characteristics of Suwon and Hwa-sung in 18th century from the point of water system. This study has an explanatory approach. The planning intents in the water system was driven out by analyzing various planning elements in relation to water system in the process of constructing Hwa-sung in 18th century. Using Entire Map of Hwa-sung, land registration map made in 1911 and topographic map of 1/10,000 scale made in 1917, water system and interpretation of spatial structure in Hwa-sung were analyzed. The results are as follows(Planning characteristics of the water system in Haw-sung in 18th century are as follows). Firstly, in determining the spatial structure and location of Hwa-sung, water system had an important role. Secondly, integrated drainage system was planned by the organization of natural and artificial water stream. Thirdly, the main street system and land use structure were planned in relation with water system. Fourthly, territoriality of main area was planned with water stream. Fifthly, ponds were constructed for flood control and they had important role as landscape elements. Sixthly, water stream was used as intentional BiBo element. As a result of the study, the weater system of Hwa-sung in 18th century was planned by the organization of natural and artificial water stream in relation with the location of new town and wide area's spatial structure, street system, land use structure, territoriality of main area, terriflood control, water quality protection, landscape, 비보 and urban daily life.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.154-164
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop the semi-crawler type mini-forwarder that can be operated comfortable small-scale logging operation in the steep terrain and also used at a variety of operations such as the civil work in erosion control and forest-road. Considering the minimum turning radius and the width of forest operation road, the total length, width and loading capacity of the semi-crawler type mini-forwarder is 5,750 mm, 1,900 mm and $2.5m^{3}$, respectively. The maximum engine power is 96ps at 3600 rpm. Selected hydraulic pumps are consists of two main pumps and two sub-main pumps. Main hydraulic pumps are utilized to running motor of the front wheel and rear crawler. Sub-main pumps are utilized to the actuation parts such as steering, crane, out-rigger and dump cylinder. The transmission was adapted as the HST (Hydro-Static Transmission) system. The driving parts are designed and manufactured as the front wheel type and the rear crawler type. The steering type was manufactured as the ackerman type. Driving control parts type was designed and manufactured as driver's seat type of normal cars. It is also attached on auxiliary equipments such as winch, log grapple and out-rigger. The traveling speed of the semi-crawler type mini-forwarder in forest road was 5.3 km/hr to 7.7 km/hr.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.664-671
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• 2011

Random Walk Model can predict the sediment areas of debris flow but it must be extracted three parameters fitted topographical environment. This study developed the method to extract the optimal values of three parameters - Once flowing volume, Stopping slope and Gravity weight - for Random Walk Model. And the extracted parameters were validated by aerial photographs of the debris flowed area. To extract the optimal parameters was randomly performed, limiting the range values of three parameters and developing an accuracy decision method that is called the rate of concordance. The set of the optimal parameters was decided on highest the rate of concordance and a consistency. As a result, the optimal parameters in Bonghwa county were showed that the once flowing volume is $1.0m^3$, the stopping slope is $4.2^{\circ}$ and the gravity weight is 2 when the rate of concordance is -0.2. The validating result of the optimal parameters showed closely that the rate of concordance is average -0.2.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.40-48
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• 2011

Mt. Hee-yang is located in Mungyeong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. Through the analysis and interpretations of twenty-two different ancient writings which covers Mt. Hee-yang, and three times of field studies, I tried to analyze the cognition of our ancestors in those days regarding Mt. Hee-yang. Since Mt. Hee-yang goes very deep in the mountain range, Mt. Hee-yang was recognized as appropriate place for seclusion or operating Byeolseo. From the era of Silla, in terms of Fengshui, Mt. Hee-yang was also interpreted as an image of either a phoenix flying into the sky(鳳凰登天) or a valley of a phoenix and dragon(鳳巖龍谷). This cognition comes from its formations of topographical features, and continued to the era of Joseon Dynasty. The purposes of excursion were to retrace the course of predecessors, to attain one's long-cherished desire to visit, or to enjoy holidays. From the analysis of Mt. Hee-yang's visitors, the average social status of them is lowered a lot around the end of Joseon Dynasty, compared with the early period of Joseon Dynasty. Studying the visitor's route of Mt. Hee-yang, I could see the places that are highly-recognized were the top of Mt. Hee-yang, Seonyudong(仙遊洞), Bakundae(白雲臺), Yayuam(夜遊岩). Mt. Hee-yang was recognized as Sun-kyung(仙境) where Sin-seon(a taoist hermit with miraculous powers; the sage of old) lives, and mostly it was main destination of visit while Bakundae(白雲臺) was perceived diversely on each visitor because of its strange scenery.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Padori beach is one of the representative composite mixed beach in Korea and shows divert geomorphic landscape change. It belongs to the Taean National Park. The purpose of this study is to clarify movement mechanism of sediments from sediment distribution of Padori beach associated with morphology. In addition, it is to explain morphological landscape change under different wave and tide condition in the composite mixed beach consisting of a dissipative low tide terrace and a reflective beach face with a high tide range of 5 to 7m. The results of this study are: First, the mean grain size of sediments becomes smaller from the south of the beach, where there is a wide wave-cut platform, to the north because gravels are supplied from the wave-cut platform as well as sea-cliff in the south of the beach. A sedimentation pattern of the sandy gravel on the beach face and gravel on the berm, and gradation phenomena of grain size on cross-shore and alongshore direction in the beach can be explained with a pattern of sediment movement, overpassing, in the composite mixed beach. Second, micro-topography on beach face and berm were changed depending on effects of wave height and tide. As a result, in low-wave energy environments, a berm is developed in large size, and beach cusps are formed on the upper beach face, while in high-wave energy environments, a berm is built up in relatively small size, and mixture of sediments occur on the upper beach face.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.50
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• pp.29-54
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• 2013

Mun Il-pyeong(1888-1939) is famous for a nationalist historian led history into popular style to enlighten the public. This paper aims to overview the characteristic of Mun Il-pyeong's history based on prior studies on Mun Il-pyeong's works. The characteristic of Mun Il-pyeong's history shows us people centric trend based on a struggle of classes. For the people, he insisted that description of history should be easy and scientific for the people who are host of history. And Mun Il-pyeong insisted the harmony of nationalist history and positive history. This was a progressive attitude in writing history at that time. Another characteristic of Mun Il-pyeong's history is that he considered cultural history as important. Mun Il-pyoeng wanted to overcome the ashamed political history by cultural history. In this intention, Korean history was again born proudful by him. Mun Il-pyoeng pursued open nationalism, not ultra-nationalism by connecting with other world. This paper focused on the essential part of Mun Il-pyoeng's history. Many scholars think Mun Il-pyeong focused on Korean modern history or history of foreign relation. But I think Mun Il-pyeong attached importance to Practical Learning, Sirhak in late Joseon dynasty. Because Sirhak contained Mun Il-pyeong's academic intention, Modernism and Culturism dreamed from his youth age. Therefore he led so-called Joseonhak Undong meaning study of Sirhak. Studying Sirhak made Mun Il-pyeong open a new direction Korean modern history have to go.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.122-133
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• 2021

Cultivar parameter calibration can be affected by the reliability of the input data to a crop growth model. In South Korea, two sets of weather stations, which are included in the automated synoptic observing system (ASOS) or the automatic weather system (AWS), are available for preparation of the weather input data. The objectives of this study were to estimate the cultivar parameter using those sets of weather data and to compare the uncertainty of these parameters. The cultivar parameters of CERES-Rice model for Shindongjin cultivar was calibrated using the weather data measured at the weather stations included in either ASO S or AWS. The observation data of crop growth and management at the experiment farms were retrieved from the report of new cultivar development and research published by Rural Development Administration. The weather stations were chosen to be the nearest neighbor to the experiment farms where crop data were collected. The Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method was used to calibrate the cultivar parameters for 100 times, which resulted in the distribution of parameter values. O n average, the errors of the heading date decreased by one day when the weather input data were obtained from the weather stations included in AWS compared with ASO S. In particular, reduction of the estimation error was observed even when the distance between the experiment farm and the ASOS stations was about 15 km. These results suggest that the use of the AWS stations would improve the reliability and applicability of the crop growth models for decision support as well as parameter calibration.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.88-101
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the meaning of students' drawings in outdoor classes and modeling-based learning cycles. Ten students were observed in a gifted education center in Seoul. Under the theme of the Hantan River, three outdoor classes and three modeling activities were conducted. Data were collected to document all student activities during field trips and classroom modeling activities using simultaneous video and audio recording and observation notes made by the researcher and students. Please note it is unclear what this citation refers to. If it is the previous sentence it should be placed within that sentence's punctuation. Hatisaru (2020) Ddrawing typess were classified by modifying the representations in a learning context in geological field trips. We used deductive content analysis to describe the drawing characteristics, including students writing. The results suggest that students have symbolic images that consist of geologic concepts, visual images that describe topographical features, and affective images that express students' emotion domains. The characteristics were classified into explanation, generality, elaboration, evidence, coherence, and state-of-mind. The characteristics and drawing types are consecutive in the modeling-based learning cycle and reflect the students' positive attitude and cognitive scientific domain. Drawing is a useful tool for reflecting students' thoughts and opinions in both outdoor class and classroom modeling activities. This study provides implications for emphasizing the importance of drawing activities.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.12-25
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• 2021

Land cover maps are used in various fields in urban expansion and development. This study analyzed the amount of land cover change over time using multi-sensor information, focusing on the waterfront area of the Taehwa River. In order to apply high-accuracy aerial hyperspectral images, patterns with Field-spectral were reviewed and compared with time series Digital map. The hyperspectral image was set as 13 land cover grades, and the time series digital map was classified into 7 and the waterfront area was classified into 5-6 grades and analyzed. As a result of analysis of the change in land cover of the digital map from the 1990s to 2010, it was found that forest areas were rapidly decreasing and Farmland and grassland were becoming urban. As for the land cover change(2010~2019) in the waterfront area(set 500m) analyzed through hyperspectral images, it was found that Farmland(1.4㎢), Forest(1.0㎢), and grassland (0.8㎢) were converted into urbanized and dried areas, and urbanization was accelerating around the Taehwa River waterfront. Recently, a lot of research has been conducted on the production of land cover maps using high-precision satellite images and aerial hyperspectral images, so it is expected that more detailed and precise land cover maps can be produced and utilized.