• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.329-336
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to find out the changes of the botanical composition, ecological behaviour and forage value of vegetation in abandoned hilly pasture, in Yeoju, Kyonggi Province from April, 1993 to October, 1996. This experiment was arranged as a vegetation survey(Pflanzenaufnahme) with two different pastures ((1) with forkcrane planed pasture and (2) forest pasture). After the abandoned management of pasture, wild grasses and shrubs of the botanical composition were gradually increased and pasture plants tended to decrease rapidly in the two different hilly pasture. In abandoned management of planed and forest pasture, moisture figure, reaction figure and nitrogen figure of the ecological behaviour were greatly decreased and also the forage value of standing crop was greatly decreased in three years (from 7.06 to 4.60 in planed pasture and from 6.81 to 4.38 in forest pasture). After abandon of two different hilly pastures, fresh weight of standing crops in flowering stage was greatly decreased 48.5~54.1% in three years than that of the vegetation at the pasture management.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2018

Lambda wing type Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle(UCAV) which adopts Blended Wing Body(BWB) has relatively less drag and more stealth performance than conventional aircraft. However, Pitching moment is rapidly increased at a specific angle of attack affected by leading edge vortex due to leading edge sweep angle. Wind tunnel testing and numerical analysis were carried out with UCAV 1303 configuration on condition of 50 m/s of flow velocity, $-4^{\circ}{\sim}28^{\circ}$ of the range of angle-of-attack. The effect of wing twist for longitudinal stability at the various angles of attack was verified in this study. When negative twist is applied on the wing, Pitch-break was onset at higher angle of attack due to delayed flow separation on outboard of the wing. On the other hand, pitch-break was onset at lower angle of attack and lift-to-drag ratio was increased when positive twist is applied on the wing.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.267-271
• /
• 2013

A survey of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A was conducted on dried red pepper and red pepper powder. Total number of 193 samples were collected from local markets in Incheon. The presence of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector using immunoaffinity column clean-up. The recovery rate of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A were more than 80% and the limits of quantification were 0.13 ${\mu}g/kg$ for aflatoxin $B_1$ and 0.30 ${\mu}g/kg$ for ochratoxin A. Aflatoxin $B_1$ was detected in 33 samples (17.1%) with a range of 0.14~9.67 ${\mu}g/kg$ and ochratoxin A was detected in 40 samples (20.7%) with a range of 0.31~3.31 ${\mu}g/kg$. These results show that the occurrence of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A in dried red pepper and red pepper powder tested in this study is low compared with the standard in Korea Food Code (10 ${\mu}g/kg$ as aflatoxin $B_1$ and 7 ${\mu}g/kg$ as ochratoxin A).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.31 no.6_1
• /
• pp.455-461
• /
• 2013

Kompsat-3 is an optical high-resolution earth observation satellite launched in May 2012. The AEISS sensor of the Korean satellite provides 0.7m panchromatic and 2.8m multi-spectral images with 16.8km swath width from the sun-synchronous near-circular orbit of 685km altitude. Kompsat-3 is more advanced than Kompsat-2 and the improvements include better agility such as in-track stereo acquisition capability. This study investigated the characteristic of the epipolar curves of in-track Kompsat-3 stereo images. To this end we used the RPCs(Rational Polynomial Coefficients) to derive the epipolar curves over the entire image area and found out that the third order polynomial equation is required to model the curves. In addition, we could observe two different groups of curve patterns due to the dual CCDs of AEISS sensor. From the experiment we concluded that the third order polynomial-based RPCs update is required to minimize the sample direction image distortion. Finally we carried out the experiment on the epipolar resampling and the result showed the third order polynomial image transformation produced less than 0.7 pixels level of y-parallax.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.517-526
• /
• 2017

In this study, we analyzed the accuracy of elevation, slope, and area to the damage scale of the debris flow using the drones to track the details of the debris flow that method was between the digital topographical map(1/5,000) method and GPS ground survey method. The results are summarized as follows. At first, in the comparison of elevation, the value by the drones was 3.024m lower than the digital topography map, but in case of slope the average slope was $1.20^{\circ}$ and the maximum slope was $10.46^{\circ}$ which was higher by the drones image. Secondly, the difference area is $462m^2$ between on the digital topographic map and the drones image was calculated high, because it is determined by reflecting the uplift of the terrain as a point that calculated more accurate than the digital topographic map. Therefore, when compared with the existing method, the drone image method was very effective in terms of time and manpower.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.495-508
• /
• 2017

Today, MMS (Mobile Mapping System) uses the strengths of individual sensor technologies on a variety of platforms to increase the efficiency of geospatial data collection. In this paper, we analyzed the market size and technology trend of mobile mapping market in Korea and abroad, and analyzed frequency, trend, and characteristics of MMS related patents. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, it is expected that the domestic and overseas mobile mapping market will continue to grow in the future, and MMS-related technologies and applications are rapidly developing. Active research and development investment is required to preoccupy future market through technology development and patent competition. Second, the frequency of filing domestic patents is highly correlated with the results of national R&D, and industrial patent applications are highly related to national projects. It is analyzed as the result of introduction of preemptive technologies and research and development of companies for preemption in related industry rather than market development. Lastly, in Korean geospatial information industry survey, It is necessary to maintain the data so that it can be compared with the data of foreign institutions. In particular, statistical data that can grasp the market size in terms of geospatial information utilization and technical aspects are desperately needed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.348-356
• /
• 2012

It is very important to investigate air pollutants and emissions emitted from open burning in order to control nonpoint sources effectively. In this study, we utilized incineration simulator proposed by U.S. EPA and investigated concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 from woods and household wastes burning to calculate emission factors and build emission inventories. The results of experiment with 15 kg of woods and 3 kg of household wastes using the incineration simulator were as follows: in case of woods burning, TSP concentration was $66.4mg/m^3$, PM10 concentration was $28.4mg/m^3$, PM2.5 concentration was $17.9mg/m^3$, respectively; in case of household wastes burning, TSP concentration was $118.4mg/m^3$, PM10 concentration was $66.8mg/m^3$, PM2.5 concentration was $55.2mg/m^3$, respectively. Concentrations from household burning, as stated above, were higher than those from woods burning. Emission factors (EFs) for woods and household wastes burning were calculated as 2.45 and 6.75 g/kg for TSP, 0.86 and 5.45 g/kg for PM10, 0.78 and 4.81 g/kg for PM2.5, respectively. EFs of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 calculated from household wastes burning were higher than those of woods burning. When we added PM emissions from woods burning and household wastes burning to Korean National Emission Inventory named as Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS), CAPSS annual emissions of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 were increased by 0.08~0.26% (An increase rate for TSP, PM10, PM2.5 were 0.08~0.10%, 0.16~0.20% and 0.18~0.26%, respectively). Note that we assumed that the 1% of household wastes is emitted by open burning.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.50-63
• /
• 2007

The development of domestic plant specific emission factors is very important to estimate reliable national emissions management. This study, for the reason, was carried out to obtain advances emission factor for Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$) by source-specific emission tests from the iron and steel industry sector which is well known as one of the major sources of greenhouse gases ($CO_2$). Emission factors estimated in this study were compared with those of IPCC for evaluation and they were found to be of similar level in the case of $CO_2$. There was no good information available on $CO_2$ plant specific emission factors from the iron and steel industry in Korea so far. The major emission sources of $CO_2$ examined from the iron and steel manufacturing precesses were a hot blast stove, coke oven, sintering furnace, electric arc furnace, heating furnace, and so on. In this study, the concentration of $CO_2$ from the hot blast stove process was the highest among all processes. The $CO_2$ emission factors for a ton of Steel and Iron products (using B-C oil) were estimated to be 0.315 $CO_2$ tonne (by Tier 3 method) and 4.89 $CO_2$ tonne. In addition, emission factor of $CO_2$ for heating furnace process was the highest among all process. Emission factors estimated in this study were compared with those of IPCC for evaluation and they were found to be of similar level in the case of $CO_2$.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.555-568
• /
• 2014

The construction equipment is one of the major sources for hazardous air pollutants in Korea, and the its management has been of great concern recently. The objective of this study was to estimate each contribution of emission of construction equipments according to their production year, electric power consumption and type. To achieve this goal, we developed pollutant emission factors for the machineries manufactured after 2009, which are excluded from the present framework of Korean air pollutants inventory, CAPSS. More than 800 data obtained from emission investigations were utilized for the estimation. Compared with the previous estimation, the scheme used this study was modified to incorporate new emission factors as well as to include the corresponding activity data. Such improvement allow us to gain more detailed emission informations which are better characterized by specifications of construction equipments. The total amount of pollutants emitted from construction equipments in 2011 were estimated as 126.8, 7.0, 58.3, and 17.0 kton for $NO_x$, PM, CO, and VOC, respectively. The estimation results indicate that the increase in the emission of equipments is significantly related to their age and power consumption. The emissions of the older ones manufactured from 1992~1996 were estimated to be the contribution ranged from 23.7% to 26.8%, whereas the newer ones (2009~2011) showed the attributions of 11.3~21.5%. In addition, the results show that the emission of each equipment was increased with the increase in the electric power consumption of engine, probably due to their average output power. Among the nine types of machinery compared, excavators and forklifts were investigated to contribute relatively higher emissions in the level of 39.8~44.0% and 32.0~34.2%, respectively.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.103-113
• /
• 2001

This study presents Quaternary sedimentation pattern around Dok-Island volcanoes (Dok Island and Dok Seamount), based on analysis of high-resolution (chirp) echo characters. Echo facies If, showing sharp, continuous bottom echo without subbottom reflectors, is recorded mainly from the flat tops of the volcanoes. This facies indicates sands and gravels (re) deposited by shallow marine processes. Echo facies IIA in the basin floor and basal slopes of the volcanoes and Oki Bank is characterized by semi-prolonged bottom and several parallel subbottom echoes. This facies reflects hemipelagic settling with intermittent influences of turbidity currents in the slope areas. Echo facies IIC is recorded from acoustically-transparent debrite masses on the basal slopes of the volcanoes and Oki Bank. Echo facies IIIA is characterized by irregular hyperbolic echoes in the slope areas of the volcanoes. It suggests hard rock basement or irregular volcanic edifices. Echo facies IIIC shows regularly-overlapping hyperbolic bottom echoes. It is interpreted to represent rock-fall deposits (talus) accumulated in the mid-slope area. Echo characters and topography suggest that the tops of Dok-Island volcanoes were flattened and lowered by shallow-marine erosional processes. The eroded sediments were transported to and deposited in the base of slope and basin plain mainly by debris flows and turbidity currents along submarine canyons and valleys.