• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.213-217
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• 2001

Purpose: Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) is an autosomal recessive disorder of glycogen metabolism caused by glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency. The clinical manifestations of G6Pase deficiency include growth retardation, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, lactic acidemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia. Many mutations of this gene have been found worldwide in various ethnic groups, establishing the molecular basis of GSD Ia. To elucidate a spectrum of the G6Pase gene mutations in Korean, we analyzed mutations in Korean patients with GSD Ia. Methods: Both alleles of 9 unrelated GSD 1a patients were studied by PCR and direct DNA sequencing methods. In all patients, GSD 1a was diagnosed by the enzyme assay for the liver biopsy specimen. Results: In Korean, the most prevalent mutation was g727t substitution in exon 5, which has been reported to cause abnormal mRNA splicing: Sixteen out of 18 alleles were found to have this mutation. In addition, we identified one novel mutation, a c611g, converting a proline to an alanine at codon 178. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a screening for the g727t mutation by noninvasive molecular method can detect most cases of GSD Ia in Korean patients.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.4011-4020
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• 1976

본논문은 북해도대학심사학위논문으로 총면수 143면인 영문으로 되어 있고 도 48, 표 7, 문묵 66부도, 부표 20면이있음. Plow는 옛부터 발달한 농구이기 때문에 많은 연구가 행하여졌지만 복잡한 물리성을 가준 토양을 대상으로 하는 기계이기 때문에 미해결의 문제도 적지않다. 이견인저항에 대하여 토양의 종류 및 조건을 변경하면서 실제의 포장에서 조직적으로 행한 실험은 극히 적고, 하물며 우리나라의 쟁기에 관한 연구는 거의없다. 본논문은 쟁기의 특징을 구명하고, 그의 개량, 발달에 기여하기 위한 기기자료를 획득코저 실시한 것이다. 1. 쟁기와 플라우의 구조 및 그의 차이 특징을 명백히하고 이체에 걸리는 각종의 저항의 내용 또는 그 비율등에 대하여 과거의 연구성과를 소개하였다. 2. 발달사 ; 플라우는 B.C. 2000년경에 녹각, 목지의 인력용의 경운용구에서 발달하고, 동양이도 기원은 대체로 같고 발달과정이 다를 뿐이다. 쟁기는 양자강연안에 기원을 가진 지나이가 신라와 백제에 도입되여 차차 발달하고, 지역적인 특징을 가지게 되었다. 3. 본장은 쟁기의 견인력에 관한 이론적해석을하고, 쟁기의 진행에 의해 층상으로 전단되는 전단저항을 구하고 쟁기의 표면 및 지측판과 토양과의 마찰력, 그리고 토양의 이동의 관성력을 쟁기의 견인저항에 관련되는 주요한 "힘"으로 생각하고 진행방면, 수직방면의 힘의 성분의 평형을 고려하여 식 10. 12를 유도 하였다. 4. 본장에서는 실험계획, 방법 공시기, 공시포장등을 기록하고, 축력용의 쟁기와 플라우를 사용하여 전지 4종 답 2종의 포장에서 실험하는데 견인력계와 자동경심측정기를 사용하였다. 5. 실험결과 및 고찰; 경심과 견인저항 Dp와의 관계는 식 10. 12와 갈이 표시되고, 실제의 제치를 대입하여 이론식을 유도하였으니 직선에 가까운 관계가 있고, 실험결과는 조금 곡선에 가까워졌다. 그리고, 토양의 물리성이 견인력Dp에의 영향을 세밀히 검토하였다. 쟁기의 견인비저항에 있어서도 식 12에서 {{{{K=AT+ { B} over {T } +C}}}}로 표시할수 있기 때문에 최소치를 표시하는 경심이 존재하고 이값은 쟁기나 플라우폭의{{{{ { 1} over {2 } }}}} 즉 10m정도이고 쟁기는 비저항이 0.llkg/$\textrm{cm}^2$에서 0.39kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$이였다. 그러나 이 비저항도 토양의 물리성이 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 6. 요약 및 결론 ; 이상의 장에서 검토 고찰한 결과만을 기재하고 플라우는 쟁기에 비해 견인저항 및 비저항이 논에서나 밭에서 대로 나타난 것이 특이하다. 이상의 내용을 지면관계로 3회에 거쳐 요약 발표합니다.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.17-33
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• 2011

This study summarizes the research history of fluvial terraces in Korea and examines the geomorphic properties of fluvial terraces in Korea based on the previous works. The research history of fluvial terraces in Korea can be divided into the three periods. The theories of fluvial terraces were spread by the early geomorphologists during the period of Japanese colonial era to mid-1980s. The dissertations on the fluvial terraces were intensively published during the late 1980s to 1990s and their discussions were the center of geomorphology researches in Korea. Since 2000s, the discussions have become more mature and researches have been quantitatively increased as the various methodologies have been developed. The fluvial terraces in Korea are mostly developed in the western and eastern parts of the Taebaek Mountains, upper and middle reaches of Han and Nakdong River, and in the western slopes of Sobaek Mountains, middle reaches of Namhan River, upper and middle reaches of Geum and Seomjin River. Along these rivers in actively uplifted areas, fluvial terraces with much higher altitude from riverbed are observable and incision rates are relatively high. In the sense of the formation ages, they have developed in not regular patterns by the climatic changes during the Quaternary, but in more complicated aspects by the environmental conditions such as climate, hydrology, geology and geomorphology in the specific drainage basins.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.58-75
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• 1983

The effects of air temperature on the grain filling stage of indica-japonica crosses were studied in artificial temperature-controlled cabinets, using Indica-Japonica crosses (Suweon 264, Suweon 258 and Milyang 29), Indica IR 36 and Lengkwang) and a Japonica rice (Jinheung). The optimum temperature to achieve maximum grain weight during the grain-filling stage was $26/18^{\circ}C$ for all varieties. Within the temperature range of 13 to $28^{\circ}C$, the grain filling period was shorter as the temperature was increased. At the highest temperature $(32/24^{\circ}C)$ the upper-position grains ("special spikelets") of IR 36 required 13days after flowering to reach the maximum weight, in Jinheung 23 days, in indica-japonica varieties (Suweon 264, Suweon 258, and MiIyang 29) 18 days, and in Lengkwang, 23 days. In the case of Lengkwang, at $32/24, \;29/21^{\circ}C$ and $26/18^{\circ}C$temperature range the upper-position grain also required same 23 days after flowering to reach the maximum weight. At the lowest temperature range of $17/9^{\circ}C$, Jinheung required 68 days and Lengkwang 53 days after flowering to reach maximum grain weight. The whole panicle took 10 to 15 days later than the special spikelets to reach the maximum weight. At lower-than-optimum temperature range $(l7/9^{\circ}C\;and\;20/12^{\circ}C)$, all IR 36 plant died within 15 days after flowering. In the case of indica-japonica varieties all plants died within 15 days only at $17/9^{\circ}C$. There were more chalky grains when the temperature was higher and lower than optimum. The highest and lowest temperature range produced dead rice (black and dark red rice). Lower than optimum temperature ranges $(17/9^{\circ}C\;and\;20/12^{\circ}C)$ affected grain quality (length, width and depth) at these temperature ranges, grains were shorter, narrower, and thinner than grains at the optimum temperature of $26/18^{\circ}C$. With regared and the effects of temperature on frequency of grain weight at grain filling stage of indica variety IR 36, the highest $(32/24^{\circ}C)$ and lowest $(23/15^{\circ}C)$ temperature ranges matched the frequency of grain weight curves. In Japonica variety Jinheung, at the three temperature ranges, that is, lowest $(17/9^{\circ}C)$ highest $(32/24^{\circ}C)$ and optimum $(26/18^{\circ}C)$, the frequency of grain weight curve showed very different patterns, In the case of indica-japonica variety Suweon 258, the frequency of grain weight curve was midway between that of IR 36 and Jinheung. Jinheung.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.406-418
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• 1996

Tomatoes are water logged differently 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm, according to the developing stages such as germination and seedling stage under the condition of greenhouse. Along with this, they are treated according to the time condition such as 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 hours. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The result at germination stage Remarkable germination failure was observed when tomatoes were water-logged for 25 to 27 hours in the depth of 0 to 5 cm. Plant height recovered within 24 hours regardless of the water-logging depths. In the case of leaves, the recoverable time limit became shorter gradually in accordance with the increase of the water-logging depth. The decrease of the fresh weight showed acute response in the shoot rather than the root. It recovered with the 24 hours of water logging. Significant correlation was observed in all characteristics of plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight and germination rates according to the depth of water-logging. 2. The result at seedling stage Plant height recovered within the 24 hours of water-logging in the depth of 0 cm. On the deeper level, there was significant decrease regardless of time. With regard to the number of leaves, there was recovery up to 120 hours in the depth of 0 cm, up to 24 hours in the depth of 5 cm. There was, however, significant decrease when done for more than 6 hours on the deeper level. Growth of the shoot displayed the same tendency as in plant height and number of leave. The length of the longest root could be maintained by 80% in the water-logging of 0 cm compared with control. However in depth of 5 cm or more, it could not be maintained by the 120 hours water-logging. Root activity became conspicuously diminished with the logging over 0 cm. Respiration showed conspicuous decrease by the depth of 5 cm as a turning point. On the other hand, photosynthesis became decreased linearly by the depth of water-logging. Chlorophyll content displayed gradual decrease up to 48 hours, but conspicuously decreased up to 120 hours according to the varying depth of water-logging. Dieases tended to increase according to the depth and hours of water-logging. Diseases would be prevented by dint of insecticide, but there was no effect of fertilization. Weight and number of fruit per plant displayed gradual decrease as the depth and hours of water-logging became increased. Average weight of a fruit became increased. There was no statisticaly reciprocal effects between the depth and hours of water-logging. There was significant positive correlation among all the investigated characteristics, such as traits of growth and yield.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 1982

Kinetic study for the thermal degradation of ginsenosides in ginseng extract was conducted. The results indicate that the thermal degradation followed first order kinetics and rate constants varied substantially depending on the types of ginsenosides and heat treatment temperatures. Activation energy calculated by Arrhenius plots ranged from 16.80 kcal/mole to 30.10 kcal/mole and $Q_{10}$ values ranged from 2.01 to 3.49. Correlation coefficients between the change of ginsenoside contents by thermal degradation and heat treatment temperature were $0.995{\sim}0.999$. The dependence on temperatures of the decomposition rate constant of total ginsenoside can be expressed as $k=4.574{\times}10^8$ exp(8898.8/T).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate basic factors of obesity, nutrient intakes, behaviors of dietary life, daily energy expenditure and emphasize on the necessity of school education. Because the growing prevalence of obesity have required a need for health education in school. The results were as follows. 1. The average height of boys and girls was l59${\pm}$13cm(boys), l54${\pm}$11cm(girls). The average weight of them was 68${\pm}$16kg(boys), 70${\pm}$13kg(girls). BMI(body mass index) of them was 26.9${\pm}$3.4(boys), 29.5${\pm}$2.9(girls). 2. For energy and protein, the average intakes of subjects were higher than recommended dietary allowances for Koreans(7th Ed). The average intakes of vitamin A and ascorbic acid were much lower than the recommended dietary allowances. 3. Most of subjects prefer fast food, rich snacks and overeating, irregular meal amount and these dietary behaviors were severe problems. 4. Total energy expenditure was 1,933kcal in boys and 1,789kcal in girls. To reduce weight and treat obesity, the required energy intake to subjects was 1,546kcal(boys) and 1,431kcal(girls). If we prepared the effective program for obesity, school education should be integrated within the larger community. Parents of students and students may be educated to make good health changes in the home. Nutrition education has a direct impact on their life style of their food intake and nutritional status. The use of multi-component obesity treatments will be effective in a school setting. It is more effective to encourage health habits in school, house and it should be integrated within the larger community.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.435-440
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• 2008

Bovine mastitis is an important disease causing serious economic loss in dairy production and food poison in public health. The major causative agents of bovine mastitis include Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). These bacteria were found in milk and environmental condition such as feces, water, soil and so on. Recently, many cases of mastitis are derived from environmental contamination of micro-organisms, which important factors for the spread of this disease in farm. Ultraviolet irradiation (UV) has been used as disinfection for waste and water in clinical and industrial facilities. Moreover the UV irradiation has been used as useful bactericidal agents to remove bacterial biofilms in environmental condition. In this study, we determined the bacterial replication in different percentage of water content (PWC) in sterilized saw dust and feces complexes from farm, and results showed that slightly decreased growth pattern of E. coli and S. agalactiae but increased growth pattern of S. aureus in various PWC (200, 400 and 600%) until 144 h incubation. In the bacteriocidal effect of UV irradiation to bacteria in saw dust and feces complex, the results showed that bacteriocidal effect was depended on the UV irradiation time, irradiation distance and PWC. Especially the antibacterial activity of UV irratiation is stronger in low PWC (50%), long time irradiation (50 sec), and short distance (5 cm) than other condition of this study. Furthermore UV irradiation with stirring showed increased the bactericidal effect compared without stirring. These results suggested that bovine mastitis causing agents may survive long time in environmental condition especially saw dust and feces complexes in farm and can cause a various disease including mastitis. Moreover, these data can be used as basis for application and development of UV disinfection to control of bovine mastitis from environmental contaminated bacteria in dairy farm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.27-48
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• 2005

This study investigates the current preservation and management of four records and documentary heritage in Korea that is in the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The study analyzes their problems and corresponding solutions in digitizing those world records heritages. This study also reviews additional four documentary books in Korea that are in the wish list to add to UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. This study is organized as the following: Chapter 2 examines the value and meanings of world records and documentary heritage in Korea. The registry requirements and procedures of UNESCO's Memory of the World Register are examined. The currently registered records of Korea include Hunmin-Chongum, the Annals of the Choson Dynasty, the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat (Seungjeongwon Ilgi), and Buljo- Jikji-Simche-Yojeol (vol. II). These records heritage's worth and significance are carefully analyzed. For example, Hunmin-Chongum("訓民正音") is consisted of unique and systematic letters. Letters were delicately explained with examples in its original manual at the time of letter's creation, which is an unparalleled case in the world documentary history. The Annals of the Choson Dynasty("朝鮮王朝實錄") are the most comprehensive historic documents that contain the longest period of time in history. Their truthfulness and reliability in describing history give credits to the annals. The Royal Secretariat Diary (called Seungjeongwon-Ilgi("承政院日記")) is the most voluminous primary resources in history, superior to the Annals of Choson Dynasty and Twenty Five Histories in China. Jikji("直指") is the oldest existing book published by movable metal print sets in the world. It evidences the beginning of metal printing in the world printing history and is worthy of being as world heritage. The review of the four registered records confirms that they are valuable world documentary heritage that transfers culture of mankind to next generations and should be preserved carefully and safely without deterioration or loss. Chapter 3 investigates the current status of preservation and management of three repositories that store the four registered records in Korea. The repositories include Kyujanggak Archives in Seoul National University, Pusan Records and Information Center of National Records and Archives Service, and Gansong Art Museum. The quality of their preservation and management are excellent in all of three institutions by the following aspects: 1) detailed security measures are close to perfection 2) archiving practices are very careful by using a special stack room in steady temperature and humidity and depositing it in stack or archival box made of paulownia tree and 3) fire prevention, lighting, and fumigation are thoroughly prepared. Chapter 4 summarizes the status quo of digitization projects of records heritage in Korea. The most important issue related to digitization and database construction on Korean records heritage is likely to set up the standardization of digitization processes and facilities. It is urgently necessary to develop comprehensive standard systems for digitization. Two institutions are closely interested in these tasks: 1) the National Records and Archives Service experienced in developing government records management systems; and 2) the Cultural Heritage Administration interested in digitization of Korean old documents. In collaboration of these two institutions, a new standard system will be designed for digitizing records heritage on Korean Studies. Chapter 5 deals with additional Korean records heritage in the wish list for UNESCO's Memory of the World Register, including: 1) Wooden Printing Blocks(經板) of Koryo-Taejangkyong(高麗大藏經) in Haein Temple(海印寺); 2) Dongui-Bogam("東醫寶鑑") 3) Samguk-Yusa("三國遺事") and 4) Mugujeonggwangdaedaranigyeong. Their world value and importance are examined as followings. Wooden Printing Blocks of Koryo-Taejangkyong in Haein Temple is the worldly oldest wooden printing block of cannon of Buddhism that still exist and was created over 750 years ago. It needs a special conservation treatment to disinfect germs residing in surface and inside of wooden plates. Otherwise, it may be damaged seriously. For its effective conservation and preservation, we hope that UNESCO and Government will schedule special care and budget and join the list of Memory of the Word Register. Dongui-Bogam is the most comprehensive and well-written medical book in the Korean history, summarizing all medical books in Korea and China from the Ancient Times through the early 17th century and concentrating on Korean herb medicine and prescriptions. It is proved as the best clinical guidebook in the 17th century for doctors and practitioners to easily use. The book was also published in China and Japan in the 18th century and greatly influenced the development of practical clinic and medical research in Asia at that time. This is why Dongui Bogam is in the wish list to register to the Memory of the World. Samguk-Yusa is evaluated as one of the most comprehensive history books and treasure sources in Korea, which illustrates foundations of Korean people and covers histories and cultures of ancient Korean peninsula and nearby countries. The book contains the oldest fixed form verse, called Hyang-Ka(鄕歌), and became the origin of Korean literature. In particular, the section of Gi-ee(紀異篇) describes the historical processes of dynasty transition from the first dynasty Gochosun(古朝鮮) to Goguryeo(高句麗) and illustrates the identity of Korean people from its historical origin. This book is worthy of adding to the Memory of the World Register. Mugujeonggwangdaedaranigyeong is the oldest book printed by wooden type plates, and it is estimated to print in between 706 and 751. It contains several reasons and evidence to be worthy of adding to the list of the Memory of the World. It is the greatest documentary heritage that represents the first wooden printing book that still exists in the world as well as illustrates the history of wooden printing in Korea.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 1999

Growth of Dendranthema grandiflorum R. ‘Bongwhang’plantlets, as affected by three levels of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), 70, 150 and 220 $\mu$mol. $m^{-2}$ . $s^{-1}$ , three levels of C $O_{2}$ concentration, 400-500 (ambient), 1000 and 2000 $\mu$mol.mo $l^{-1}$ , and two levels of number of air exchanges per hour (NAEH), 0.1 $h^{-1}$ and 2.8 $h^{-l}$, was studied. Explants were obtained from photomixotrophically-micropropagated plantlets. Four explants were planted in each 3.7$\times$10$^{-4}$ $m^{3}$ polycarbonate box containing MS medium supplemented with 1.25 meq. $L^{-1}$ $H_{2}$P $O_{4}$$^{[-10]}$ and no added sugar. Explants were cultured under cool-white fluorescent lamps (16 h. $d^{-1}$ ), at 25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ temperature, and 70-80% relative humidity. In treatments of 2.8 $h^{-1}$ NAEH, a 10 mm round hole made on the vessel cap was sealed with a microporous filter For higher C $O_{2}$ concentrations in the culture room, C $O_{2}$ gas was provided from a tank of liquefied C $O_{2}$. Fresh and dry weights, height, length of the longest roots, number of leaves, and leaf area significantly increased with increasing PPF and especially, with increasing C $O_{2}$ concentration. Growth was enhanced with increased number of air exchanges per hour (2.8 $h^{-1}$ ). Overall, treatment of 220$\mu$mol. $m^{-2}$ . $s^{-1}$ PPF combined with 2000$\mu$mol.mo $l^{-1}$ C $O_{2}$ and 2.8 $h^{-1}$ NAEH gave the most vigorous growth of Dendranthema grandiflorum R. ‘Bongwhang’ plantlets in vitro.o.