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A Test of Attentional Blink: Hemifield Independence and Interaction (주의 깜박임 현상의 검증: 주의 자원의 반시야 독립성과 상호작용)

  • Kim, Jung-Yul;Lee, Guk-Hee;Lee, Hyung-Chul O.;Kim, ShinWoo
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 2017
  • Attentional blink is observed in an identification task of multiple targets during rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) where performance for the second target (T2) that follows within 500ms of the first (T1) shows systematic decrease although that for T1 remains highly accurate. Theories accounting for attentional blink can be classified into two broad categories of resource depletion model and disruption of input filter model. Meanwhile, visual attention capacity shows hemifield independence between left and right visual fields, and many studies reported bilateral advantage in a range of visual working memory tasks. The current research tested two major theories of attentional blink using bilateral independence of attentional capacity. To this end, we conducted two experiments where two RSVPs were presented in either bilateral or unilateral visual fields. Experiment 1 presented two RSVPs which contained both T1 and T2 in either bilateral or unilateral visual fields and tested interaction between attentional blink and bilateral advantage. Experiment 2 removed T1 in one of the two RSVPs to test whether attentional blink obtains when identification of T1 and T2 utilize independent sources of attention across two visual fields. The results showed that subjects were more accurate when two RSVPs were presented in bilateral visual fields (i.e., bilateral advantage) although there was no interaction between attentional blink and bilateral advantage (Experiment 1). In addition, attentional blink for T2 was observed in a T1-absent RSVP even when two RSVPs were presented in bilateral visual fields (Experiment 2). These results support disruption of input filter model rather than resource depletion model.

Effects of Song-Based Group Music Therapy on Exercise Stress and Positive Psychological Capital of Youth Soccer Players (노래중심 집단음악치료가 유소년 축구선수의 운동스트레스와 긍정심리자원에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hee Jin;Moon, So Young
    • Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.25-49
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    • 2018
  • This study examined the effects of song-based group music therapy on the exercise stress and positive psychological capital of youth soccer players. Eighty youth soccer players were assigned to either a song-based music therapy group or a control group. For the analysis of the effects of song-based group music therapy, the Exercise Stress scale and the Athlete Positive Psychological Capital scale were administered before and after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using an independent sample t test and paired t test. The results were as follows. First, the experimental group showed a significantly lower posttest score on the exercise stress measure than the control group (p < .01). The control group showed a significant increase from pretest to posttest on the exercise stress measure (p < .05). Second, the experimental group scored significantly higher at posttest than the control group on the positive psychological capital measure (p < .01). The control group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease from pretest to posttest on the positive psychological capital scale (p < .05). The results suggest that song-based group music therapy is an effective treatment method that lowers exercise stress and raises positive psychological capital of youth soccer players.

Synthesis, Characterizations and Gas Separation Property of PBEM-PMMA-POEM Terpolymer Membranes (PBEM-PMMA-POEM 터폴리머 분리막의 합성, 분석 및 기체 분리 성능)

  • Park, Byeong Ju;Kim, Na Un;Park, Jung Tae;Kim, Jong Hak
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.121-128
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    • 2018
  • Terpolymers, which are chemical compounds composed of three different chemical compounds, have rarely been utilized for gas separation membranes. In this study, we demonstrate a simple process to fabricate a composite membrane for $CO_2/N_2$ separation based on a terpolymer synthesized from poly(2-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl] ethylmethacrylate)(PBEM), poly(oxyethylene methacrylate)(POEM), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) via free radical polymerization. A solution of the as-synthesized PBEM-PMMA-POEM was coated onto a microporous polysulfone (PSf) support to form a composite membrane. The successful polymerization and the characteristics and morphology of the membrane were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The gas permeance and $CO_2/N_2$ selectivity of the PBEM-PMMA-POEM terpolymer membrane were measured at $25^{\circ}C$. A maximum $CO_2/N_2$ selectivity of 30.2 was obtained at a $CO_2$ permeance of 57.4 GPU ($1GPU=10^{-6}cm^3$(STP)/($s\;cm^2\;cmHg$)).

Thermal-Hydraulic Research Review and Cooperation Outcome for Light Water Reactor Fuel (경수로핵연료 열수력 연구개발 분석 및 연산학 협력 성과)

  • In, Wang Kee;Shin, Chang Hwan;Lee, Chi Young;Lee, Chan;Chun, Tae Hyun;Oh, Dong Seok
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.40 no.12
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    • pp.815-824
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    • 2016
  • The fuel assembly for pressurized water reactor (PWR) consists of fuel rod bundle, spacer grid and bottom/top end fittings. The cooling water in high pressure and temperature is introduced in lower plenum of reactor core and directed to upper plenum through the subchannel which is formed between the fuel rods. The main thermal-hydraulic performance parameters for the PWR fuel are pressure drop and critical heat flux in normal operating condition, and quenching time in accident condition. The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has been developing an advanced PWR fuel, dual-cooled annular fuel and accident tolerant fuel for the enhancement of fuel performance and the localization. For the key thermal-hydraulic technology development of PWR fuel, the KAERI LWR fuel team has conducted the experiments for pressure drop, turbulent flow mixing and heat transfer, critical heat flux(CHF) and quenching. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was also performed to predict flow and heat transfer in fuel assembly including the spent fuel assembly in dry cask for interim repository. In addition, the research cooperation with university and nuclear fuel company was also carried out to develop a basic thermal-hydraulic technology and the commercialization.

The Effects of Virtual Competitors on AR (Augmented Reality) Home Training System: Focusing on Immersion, Perceived Competition, and Learning Motivation (증강현실을 활용한 홈 트레이닝에서 가상 참여자의 영향: 몰입, 인지된 경쟁, 그리고 정보 습득의 욕구를 중심으로)

  • Choi, Sungho;Lee, Wonouk;Kim, Hyunju;Won, Jongseo;Lee, Jeehang;Lee, Yeonjoo;Kim, Jinwoo
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.119-130
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of the study is discovering the effects of virtual competitors on user in AR (Augment Reality) home training system. Specifically, the current research examined their effects on immersion, perceived competition, and leaning motivation. The paper tested three unexplored relationship. First, introducing virtual competitors in home training system will enhance user's immersion. Second, presenting virtual competitors in home training system will increase user's perceived competition. Third, virtual competitors in home training system will raise user's learning motivation. For empirical analysis, we developed home training system, which could check and give feedback automatically, based on user's posture. Using this AR home training system, the study empirically shows how and why virtual competitors affect users. The results give implications not only on service design; but also on the idea that virtual other could affect user's behavior.

Reliability of Delphi survey for traditional knowledge on agricultural resources (생물자원 전통지식 추출을 위한 델파이조사의 신뢰성 연구)

  • Lee, Ki Hoon;Song, Mi-Jang;Kim, Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.947-956
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    • 2015
  • In the knowledge and information age, to discover and protect Intellectual Properties would be very important for their economic value as a major growth engine. This study evaluated the reliability of a Delphi survey conducted by experts to assess the value of agricultural resources knowledge obtained from literature reviews and field interviews. Delphi method is collecting the opinions of experts for several rounds repeatedly, in the next round the experts have chance to modify their opinion. Scores between two rounds are highly correlated and standard deviations are declined for second round to imply that some correction of their evaluations are made. To check reliability of Delphi survey of two rounds Cronbach's reliability coefficient and Generalizability coefficient are derived. The Cronbach alpha's supported the reliability of the method, but the Generalizability analysis revealed some unexpected results while checking the variance components of sources of measurement errors. Despite the increased reliability coefficients, the deviations between the raters are increased which means that additional rounds are required to get consensus, the goal of Delphi research.

Failure Characteristics of Carbon/BMI Sandwich Composite Joint under Pull-out Loading (풀아웃 하중을 받는 카본/BMI 샌드위치 복합재 체결부 파손특성 연구)

  • Lee, Gyeong-Chan;Choi, Young-Ho;Lee, Kowan-Woo;Sim, Jae-Hoon;Jung, Young-In
    • Composites Research
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.132-137
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this paper is to investigate failure characteristics of Carbon/BMI-Nomex honeycomb sandwich on design parameters. A total of 6 types sandwich specimens were manufactured according to core height, face thickness and density, and environmental condition were applied to evaluate temperature and humidity effects of one of these specimens. The test results show that the core shear buckling loads was commonly observed in all specimens except for the joint with density of $64kg/m^3$. After core shear buckling, however, the joint carried additional loads over the buckling loads and then finally failed in the upper face and lower face at the same time. In the case of specimen having high stiffness, the maximum failure load was low due to interfacial failure of the upper face and core without initial core shear buckling. The ETW1 and ETW2 conditions, which were carried out to evaluate the environmental condition of the sandwich specimen, show an initial failure mode which was significantly different from RTD condition. Also, the ETW2 condition with increased temperature under the same humidity shows that the core shear buckling load was 18% less than ETW1 condition.

Evaluating the Immunological Adjuvant Activities of Carrageenan and Degraded Carrageenan (Carrageenan과 degraded carrageenan의 면역 보강제로서의 효능 평가)

  • Park, Ji-Hun;Choi, Tae-Saeng
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.28 no.9
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    • pp.1076-1080
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    • 2018
  • Carrageenan (CGN) has been used as a safe food additive for several decades. CGN has also been widely used to induce inflammation in various animal models. Likewise, degraded CGN (dCGN), which is produced by subjecting CGN to acid hydrolysis, also induces inflammation and does so more effectively than CGN. One of the most important characteristics of an immunological adjuvant is its ability to activate innate immunity. The immune-adjuvant effects of CGN and dCGN have not yet been studied in detail. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunological adjuvant activities of both CGN and dCGN, which was done by comparing the levels of an ovalbumin (OVA)-specific antibody after treatment with OVA in the absence or presence of CGN or dCGN in plasma from immunized mice. CGN and dCGN showed similar levels of adjuvant activity, as evidenced by increased antibody titer. Specifically, both CGN and dCGN significantly increased the levels of OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies in the plasma as compared with OVA alone (the control). However, compared to the positive control (Freund's adjuvant), both CGN and dCGN caused greater increases in IgG1 than in IgG2a. These results suggest that CGN and dCGN have similar adjuvant activities and produce more IgG1 antibodies than IgG2a.

Convergence Study on Impact of Career Barrier on Seeking Stress of Senior Nursing Students : Mediating Effect of Career Maturity (간호학과 졸업예정자의 진로장벽이 취업스트레스에 미치는 영향에 대한 융합 연구 : 진로성숙도를 매개로)

  • Woo, Sang-Jun;Ha, Yoon-Joo;Kim, Eun-A
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.16 no.8
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    • pp.211-219
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of career maturity on the relation between carrier barriers and senior nursing students's jobs seeking stress. Data analysis was conducted over 208 senior nursing students from three nursing schools in G city and J province. The research methods examined the influence of variables on dependent variable, with difference of carrier maturity. As a result, career barriers had a negative correlation with career maturity but had a positive correlation with jobs seeking stress. Also, career barriers had significant effects on jobs seeking stress(35%, F=109.89, p<.001), mediating effect of career maturity was significant(z=12.24, p<.001). Accordingly, the results indicated that career maturity could buffer the risk of jobs seeking stress of senior nursing student from career barriers. In conclusion, systematic measures are needed to lower career barriers and improve career maturity in order to reduce jobs seeking stress of senior nursing students. It is necessary to develop a strategy to develop career guidance information system that, is specialized in nursing course as well as counselling that utilizes individual ability development, self-esteem management and friend's system.

Role of Tumor-associated Macrophage in Tumor Microenvironment (암미세환경에서 종양관련대식세포의 역할)

  • Min, Do Sik
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.28 no.8
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    • pp.992-998
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    • 2018
  • Cancer cells grow in an environment composed of various components that supports tumor growth. Major cell types in the tumor microenvironment are fibroblast, endothelial cells and immune cells. All of these cells communicate with cancer cells. Among infiltrating immune cells as an abundant component of solid tumors, macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment and orchestrates various aspects of immunity. The complex balance between pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral effects of immune cell infiltration can create a chronic inflammatory microenvironment essential for tumor growth and progression. Macrophages express different functional programs in response to microenvironmental signals, defined as M1 and M2 polarization. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) secret many cytokines, chemokines and proteases, which also promote tumor angiogenesis, growth, metastasis and immunosuppression. TAM have multifaceted roles in the development of many tumor types. TAM also interact with cancer stem cells. This interaction leads to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. TAM obtain various immunosuppressive functions to maintain the tumor microenvironment. TAM are characterized by their heterogeneity and plasticity, as they can be functionally reprogrammed to polarized phenotypes by exposure to cancer-related factors, stromal factors, infections, or even drug interventions. Because TAMs produce tumor-specific chemokines by the stimulation of stromal factors, chemokines might serve as biomarkers that reflect disease activity. The evidence has shown that cancer tissues with high infiltration of TAM are associated with poor patient prognosis and resistance to therapies. Targeting of TAM in tumors is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for anti-cancer treatment.