• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.7
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• pp.487-494
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• 2013

Medical image watermarking has received extensive attention as wide security services in the healthcare information system. This paper proposes a blind medical image watermarking approach on the segmented gray-matter (GM) images by utilizing discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) along with enhanced suppressed fuzzy C-means (EnSFCM) for the optimal selection of sub-blocks position to insert a watermark. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms other methods in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and M-SVD. In addition, the proposed approach shows better robustness than other methods in normalized correlation (NC) values against several attacks, such as noise addition, filtering, JPEG compression, blurring, histogram equalization, and cropping.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-134
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• 2006

This paper presents the resampling method for time series data in the frequency domain obtained by using discrete cosine transforms(DCT) The advantage of the proposed method is to generate bootstrap samples in time domain comparing with existing bootstrapping method. When time series are stationary, statistical properties of DCT coefficients are investigated and provide the verification of the proposed procedure.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

In interim analysis, group sequential tests are widely used for the ethical, scientific, and economic reasons. In this paper, we propose the group sequential tests using both type I and type II error spending rate functions when the response variable is discrete, especially binomial distribution, in the interim analysis. In addition, we propose new error spending rate function which covers the formerly proposed. Our method has good property that is flexible, fast and easily applicable. A numerical simulations are carried out to evaluate our method and it shows good performance.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.959-967
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a discrete feature vector, robust in various levels of noisy environment and inexpensive in computation, for detection of speech segments and is to show such properties of the feature with real speech data. The suggested feature is one dimensional vector which represents slope of short term energies and is discretized into three values to reduce computational burden of computations in HMM. In experiments with speech data, the method with the suggested feature vector showed good performance even in noisy environments.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.405-408
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• 2012

$TiO_2$ particles with various shapes were synthesized by using a modified sol-gel method with binary ionic liquids. The structural properties of the particles were significantly affected by the composition of ionic liquids. This is mainly attributed to the interaction between the organic solvent and ionic liquid at the interface leading to the formation of particle structure. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples was also examined for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. Among the particles, $TiO_2$ prepared with 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate showed the best photocatalytic performance.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

Visual analysis of spatiotemporal data has focused on a variety of techniques for analyzing and exploring the data. The goal of these techniques is to explore the spatiotemporal data using time information, discover patterns in the data, and analyze spatiotemporal data. The overall trend flow patterns help users analyze geo-referenced temporal events. However, it is difficult to extract and visualize overall trend flow patterns using data that has no trajectory information for movements. In order to visualize overall trend flow patterns, in this paper, we estimate continuous distributions of discrete events over time using KDE, and we extract vector fields from the continuous distributions using the gravity model. We then apply our technique on twitter data to validate techniques.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and followed by annealing at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ were investigated for gas sensing under 1.5ppm $NO_{2}$ concentration at an operating temperature of $200^{\circ}C$. The electrical resistance of CNT sensor decreased with temperature, indicating a semiconductor type. The resistance of CNT sensor decreased with $NO_{2}$ adsorption. It was found that the sensitivity of sensor was affected by humidity and decreased under microwave irradiation for 3 minutes. The CNT sensor grown by PECVD had a higher sensitivity than that of CVD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.374-377
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• 2007

본 논문은 Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) 퍼지 모델을 이용하여 이산 시간에서의 비선형 상호 결합 시스템에 대한 분산 동적 출력 궤한 제어기를 제시한다. 이산시간 비선형 상호 결합 시스템의 각 하위 시스템에 대한 T-S 퍼지 모델링을 한 후, 각각에 대해 동적 출력 궤한 제어기를 설계한다. 제어가 된 폐루프 하위 시스템들로 전체 시스템의 평형점이 안정화되는 선형 행렬 부등식 (LMI)을 구하고, 부등식을 이용하여 동적 출력 궤한 제어기의 이득값을 구한다. 마지막으로 모의실험을 통해 분산 동적 출력 궤한 제어기의 효용성을 확인한다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.317-321
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• 1997

사염화우라늄 제조를 위해 염소가스와 탄소를 이용한 이산화우라늄의 염소화반응에 대하여 연구하였다. 이론적측면에서 열화학적 자료를 이용한 계산을 통하여 일어날 수 있는 반응들을 확인하였으며, 염소화반응이 진행되는 동안 초래될 현상에 대하여 검토하였다. 실험결과로 부터 반응온도, 반응시간 및 질소가스 주입비율이 사염화우라늄 제조에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 순수한 이산화우라늄을 사용한 사염화우라늄 제조공정에서의 적절한 반응시간과 반응온도는 각각 약 2시간과 50$0^{\circ}C$-$700^{\circ}C$범위였으며, 질소가스의 적정 주입량은 염소가스의 약 50%로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.183-183
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• 2012

최근 환경오염과 천연자원의 고갈로 태양광을 이용한 수소와 산소를 제조하는 광전기화학적 물분해 반응이 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 란타늄 알루미네이트 단결정 기판 위에 니오븀을 도핑한 이산화 티타늄을 증착 시킨 후 two-step sol-gel법을 이용하여 아나타제 이산화티탄늄 나노막대를 성장시켰다. 성장시킨 아나타제 티타늄산화 막대는 구조적인 특징과 모양, 크기를 전구체 용액의 수소이온화지수(pH)를 조절함으로써 변화 시킬 수 있다. 니오븀을 도핑한 이산화 티타늄 기판 위에 높은 수소이온화지수(pH 10 이상)을 이용하여 우선 배향된 아나타제 나노 막대를 성장 시킬 수 있으며, 주사전자현고해상도 투과전자현미경, x선 회절 분석기를 통해 구조적 특성을 평가하였다. 또한 수소이온화지수를 조절(pH 9)하여 만든 다결정질 아나타제 나노구형과 우선배향된 나노막대의 전하이동특성을 분석하기 위하여 기체 색층분석법(GC), 광전기화학법(PEC), 임피던스를 측정하였다.