• Title/Summary/Keyword: 학습자원

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The Applicability of Conditional Generative Model Generating Groundwater Level Fluctuation Corresponding to Precipitation Pattern (조건부 생성모델을 이용한 강수 패턴에 따른 지하수위 생성 및 이의 활용에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Jiho;Jeong, Jina;Lee, Byung Sun;Song, Sung-Ho
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.77-89
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    • 2021
  • In this study, a method has been proposed to improve the performance of hydraulic property estimation model developed by Jeong et al. (2020). In their study, low-dimensional features of the annual groundwater level (GWL) fluctuation patterns extracted based on a Denoising autoencoder (DAE) was used to develop a regression model for predicting hydraulic properties of an aquifer. However, low-dimensional features of the DAE are highly dependent on the precipitation pattern even if the GWL is monitored at the same location, causing uncertainty in hydraulic property estimation of the regression model. To solve the above problem, a process for generating the GWL fluctuation pattern for conditioning the precipitation is proposed based on a conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE). The CVAE trains a statistical relationship between GWL fluctuation and precipitation pattern. The actual GWL and precipitation data monitored on a total of 71 monitoring stations over 10 years in South Korea was applied to validate the effect of using CVAE. As a result, the trained CVAE model reasonably generated GWL fluctuation pattern with the conditioning of various precipitation patterns for all the monitoring locations. Based on the trained CVAE model, the low-dimensional features of the GWL fluctuation pattern without interference of different precipitation patterns were extracted for all monitoring stations, and they were compared to the features extracted based on the DAE. Consequently, it can be confirmed that the statistical consistency of the features extracted using CVAE is improved compared to DAE. Thus, we conclude that the proposed method may be useful in extracting a more accurate feature of GWL fluctuation pattern affected solely by hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer, which would be followed by the improved performance of the previously developed regression model.

Preliminary Inspection Prediction Model to select the on-Site Inspected Foreign Food Facility using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (차원축소를 활용한 해외제조업체 대상 사전점검 예측 모형에 관한 연구)

  • Hae Jin Park;Jae Suk Choi;Sang Goo Cho
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.121-142
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    • 2023
  • As the number and weight of imported food are steadily increasing, safety management of imported food to prevent food safety accidents is becoming more important. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety conducts on-site inspections of foreign food facilities before customs clearance as well as import inspection at the customs clearance stage. However, a data-based safety management plan for imported food is needed due to time, cost, and limited resources. In this study, we tried to increase the efficiency of the on-site inspection by preparing a machine learning prediction model that pre-selects the companies that are expected to fail before the on-site inspection. Basic information of 303,272 foreign food facilities and processing businesses collected in the Integrated Food Safety Information Network and 1,689 cases of on-site inspection information data collected from 2019 to April 2022 were collected. After preprocessing the data of foreign food facilities, only the data subject to on-site inspection were extracted using the foreign food facility_code. As a result, it consisted of a total of 1,689 data and 103 variables. For 103 variables, variables that were '0' were removed based on the Theil-U index, and after reducing by applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis, 49 characteristic variables were finally derived. We build eight different models and perform hyperparameter tuning through 5-fold cross validation. Then, the performance of the generated models are evaluated. The research purpose of selecting companies subject to on-site inspection is to maximize the recall, which is the probability of judging nonconforming companies as nonconforming. As a result of applying various algorithms of machine learning, the Random Forest model with the highest Recall_macro, AUROC, Average PR, F1-score, and Balanced Accuracy was evaluated as the best model. Finally, we apply Kernal SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to present the selection reason for nonconforming facilities of individual instances, and discuss applicability to the on-site inspection facility selection system. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that it will contribute to the efficient operation of limited resources such as manpower and budget by establishing an imported food management system through a data-based scientific risk management model.

Transfer Learning using Multiple ConvNet Layers Activation Features with Principal Component Analysis for Image Classification (전이학습 기반 다중 컨볼류션 신경망 레이어의 활성화 특징과 주성분 분석을 이용한 이미지 분류 방법)

  • Byambajav, Batkhuu;Alikhanov, Jumabek;Fang, Yang;Ko, Seunghyun;Jo, Geun Sik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.205-225
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    • 2018
  • Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) is one class of the powerful Deep Neural Network that can analyze and learn hierarchies of visual features. Originally, first neural network (Neocognitron) was introduced in the 80s. At that time, the neural network was not broadly used in both industry and academic field by cause of large-scale dataset shortage and low computational power. However, after a few decades later in 2012, Krizhevsky made a breakthrough on ILSVRC-12 visual recognition competition using Convolutional Neural Network. That breakthrough revived people interest in the neural network. The success of Convolutional Neural Network is achieved with two main factors. First of them is the emergence of advanced hardware (GPUs) for sufficient parallel computation. Second is the availability of large-scale datasets such as ImageNet (ILSVRC) dataset for training. Unfortunately, many new domains are bottlenecked by these factors. For most domains, it is difficult and requires lots of effort to gather large-scale dataset to train a ConvNet. Moreover, even if we have a large-scale dataset, training ConvNet from scratch is required expensive resource and time-consuming. These two obstacles can be solved by using transfer learning. Transfer learning is a method for transferring the knowledge from a source domain to new domain. There are two major Transfer learning cases. First one is ConvNet as fixed feature extractor, and the second one is Fine-tune the ConvNet on a new dataset. In the first case, using pre-trained ConvNet (such as on ImageNet) to compute feed-forward activations of the image into the ConvNet and extract activation features from specific layers. In the second case, replacing and retraining the ConvNet classifier on the new dataset, then fine-tune the weights of the pre-trained network with the backpropagation. In this paper, we focus on using multiple ConvNet layers as a fixed feature extractor only. However, applying features with high dimensional complexity that is directly extracted from multiple ConvNet layers is still a challenging problem. We observe that features extracted from multiple ConvNet layers address the different characteristics of the image which means better representation could be obtained by finding the optimal combination of multiple ConvNet layers. Based on that observation, we propose to employ multiple ConvNet layer representations for transfer learning instead of a single ConvNet layer representation. Overall, our primary pipeline has three steps. Firstly, images from target task are given as input to ConvNet, then that image will be feed-forwarded into pre-trained AlexNet, and the activation features from three fully connected convolutional layers are extracted. Secondly, activation features of three ConvNet layers are concatenated to obtain multiple ConvNet layers representation because it will gain more information about an image. When three fully connected layer features concatenated, the occurring image representation would have 9192 (4096+4096+1000) dimension features. However, features extracted from multiple ConvNet layers are redundant and noisy since they are extracted from the same ConvNet. Thus, a third step, we will use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select salient features before the training phase. When salient features are obtained, the classifier can classify image more accurately, and the performance of transfer learning can be improved. To evaluate proposed method, experiments are conducted in three standard datasets (Caltech-256, VOC07, and SUN397) to compare multiple ConvNet layer representations against single ConvNet layer representation by using PCA for feature selection and dimension reduction. Our experiments demonstrated the importance of feature selection for multiple ConvNet layer representation. Moreover, our proposed approach achieved 75.6% accuracy compared to 73.9% accuracy achieved by FC7 layer on the Caltech-256 dataset, 73.1% accuracy compared to 69.2% accuracy achieved by FC8 layer on the VOC07 dataset, 52.2% accuracy compared to 48.7% accuracy achieved by FC7 layer on the SUN397 dataset. We also showed that our proposed approach achieved superior performance, 2.8%, 2.1% and 3.1% accuracy improvement on Caltech-256, VOC07, and SUN397 dataset respectively compare to existing work.

Middle School Home Economics Teachers' Perception and Needs of Self Supervision Related to Home Economics Subject Matter (중학교 가정과교사의 가정교과관련 자기장학에 대한 인식과 자기장학 활성화를 위한 요구)

  • Nam, Yun-Jin;Chae, Jung-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.45-62
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate middle school home economics(HE) teachers' perception and needs on self supervision related to HE subject matter, Using the methods of survey and interview, 177 samples were collected. For collected surveys, mean value, standard deviation, frequency, percentage analysis were performed by using an SPSS/Win (ver10.1) program. The results of this study were as follows. First, the middle school HE teachers recognized that self supervision related to HE subject matter was absolutely needed to expand the improvement of techniques for teaching instructions and the width of knowledge on the studies on textbook. Second, the middle school HE teachers recognized the necessary parts of self supervision related to HE subject matter as HE teaching-learning methods, the studies on textbook contents, and HE education philosophy in order. Third, the middle school HE teachers recognized that it would be helpful in improving their HE class and expertise in order of field survey, participation in various training programs, utilization of mass media, participation in societies for researches and meetings and information sharing with co-teachers among the types of self supervision. Fourth, the middle school HE teachers needed the reduction in miscellaneous duties, less pressure for time, restoration of teachers' desire, support of physical resources (improvement of various environments such as classrooms and special rooms), economic support and various support programs (expanding the opportunities to participate in training and society and establishment of a database for relevant materials, etc.) to facilitate self supervision. As such, the middle school HE teachers' overall recognition on HE-related self supervision became significantly higher. To enhance the HE-related expertise, however, it would be necessary to conduct concrete and active support for HE education, philosophical area and the studies on textbook contents as well as the teaching-learning methods for HE in which teachers' demand was high. In addition, the HE teachers wanted to have an easy and quick access to various HE-related data; therefore, it would be urgent to summarize scattered relevant data and support the HE teachers more systematically.

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Middle School Science Teacher's Perceptions of Science-Related Careers and Career Education (과학 관련 직업과 진로 교육에 대한 중학교 과학 교사의 인식)

  • Nayoon Song;Sunyoung Park;Taehee Noh
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.167-178
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    • 2024
  • In this study, we investigated the perceptions of science-related careers and career education among middle school science teachers. Sixty-four science teachers experienced in teaching unit 7 in the first year of middle school participated. The results of the study revealed that not only careers in science but also careers with science were found to be quite high when teachers were asked to provide examples of science-related careers. Jobs related to research/engineering, which are careers in science, comprised the highest proportion of teachers' answers, followed by jobs related to education/law/social welfare/police/firefighting/military, and health/medical, which are careers with science. However, the proportion of jobs mentioned related to installation/maintenance/production was extremely low. The skills required for science-related careers were mainly perceived to consist of tools for working and ways of working. The number of skills classified under living in the world was perceived to be extremely low across most careers, irrespective of career type. Most teachers only taught unit 7 for two to four sessions and devoted little time to science-related career education, even in general science classes. In the free semester system, a significant number of teachers responded that they provide science-related career education for more than 8 hours. Teachers mainly utilize lecture, discussion/debate, and self-study activities. Meanwhile, in the free semester system, the resource-based learning method was utilized at a high proportion compared to other class situations. Teachers generally made much use of media materials, with the use of textbooks and teacher guides found to be lower than expected. There were also cases of using materials supported by science museums or the Ministry of Education. Teachers preferred to implementing student-centered classes and utilizing various teaching and learning methods. Based on the above research results, discussions were proposed to improve teachers' perceptions of science-related careers and career education.

Protective effect of Gabjubaekmok (Diospyros kaki) extract against amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced cognitive impairment in a mouse model (아밀로이드 베타(amyloid beta)로 유도된 인지장애 마우스 모델에서 갑주백목(Diospyros kaki) 추출물의 인지기능 및 뇌 신경세포 보호 효과)

  • Yoo, Seul Ki;Kim, Jong Min;Park, Seon Kyeong;Kang, Jin Yong;Han, Hye Ju;Park, Hyo Won;Kim, Chul-Woo;Lee, Uk;Heo, Ho Jin
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.379-392
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    • 2019
  • The current study investigated the effect of Gabjubaekmok (Diospyros kaki) ethanolic extract (GEE) on $H_2O_2$-induced human neuroblastoma MC-IXC cells and amyloid beta $(A{\beta})_{1-42}$-induced ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice. GEE showed significant antioxidant activity that was evaluated based on ABTS, DPPH scavenging activity, and inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase activity. Further, GEE inhibited ROS production and increased cell viability in $H_2O_2$-induced MC-IXC cells. Administration of GEE ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction on $A{\beta}$-induced ICR mice as evaluated using Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. Results of ex vivo test using brain tissues showed that, GEE protected the cholinergic system and mitochondrial functions by increasing the levels of antioxidants such as ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) against $A{\beta}$-induced cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, GEE decreasd the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, p-JNK, p-tau, BAX and caspase 3. While, expression levels of p-Akt and $p-GSK3{\beta}$ increased than $A{\beta}$ group. Finally, gallic acid was identified as the main compound of GEE using high performance liquid chromatography.

A fundamental study on the automation of tunnel blasting design using a machine learning model (머신러닝을 이용한 터널발파설계 자동화를 위한 기초연구)

  • Kim, Yangkyun;Lee, Je-Kyum;Lee, Sean Seungwon
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.431-449
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    • 2022
  • As many tunnels generally have been constructed, various experiences and techniques have been accumulated for tunnel design as well as tunnel construction. Hence, there are not a few cases that, for some usual tunnel design works, it is sufficient to perform the design by only modifying or supplementing previous similar design cases unless a tunnel has a unique structure or in geological conditions. In particular, for a tunnel blast design, it is reasonable to refer to previous similar design cases because the blast design in the stage of design is a preliminary design, considering that it is general to perform additional blast design through test blasts prior to the start of tunnel excavation. Meanwhile, entering the industry 4.0 era, artificial intelligence (AI) of which availability is surging across whole industry sector is broadly utilized to tunnel and blasting. For a drill and blast tunnel, AI is mainly applied for the estimation of blast vibration and rock mass classification, etc. however, there are few cases where it is applied to blast pattern design. Thus, this study attempts to automate tunnel blast design by means of machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence. For this, the data related to a blast design was collected from 25 tunnel design reports for learning as well as 2 additional reports for the test, and from which 4 design parameters, i.e., rock mass class, road type and cross sectional area of upper section as well as bench section as input data as well as16 design elements, i.e., blast cut type, specific charge, the number of drill holes, and spacing and burden for each blast hole group, etc. as output. Based on this design data, three machine learning models, i.e., XGBoost, ANN, SVM, were tested and XGBoost was chosen as the best model and the results show a generally similar trend to an actual design when assumed design parameters were input. It is not enough yet to perform the whole blast design using the results from this study, however, it is planned that additional studies will be carried out to make it possible to put it to practical use after collecting more sufficient blast design data and supplementing detailed machine learning processes.

Study on a Neural UPC by a Multiplexer Information in ATM (ATM 망에서 다중화기 정보에 의한 Neural UPC에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Chul;Pyun, Jae-Young;Seo, Hyun-Seung
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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    • v.36C no.7
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    • pp.36-45
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    • 1999
  • In order to control the flow of traffics in ATM networks and optimize the usage of network resources, an efficient control mechanism is necessary to cope with congestion and prevent the degradation of network performance caused by congestion. In this paper, Buffered Leaky Bucket which applies the same control scheme to a variety of traffics requiring the different QoS(Quality of Service) and Neural Networks lead to the effective buffer utilization and QoS enhancement in aspects of cell loss rate and mean transfer delay. And the cell scheduling algorithms such as DWRR and DWEDF for multiplexing the incoming traffics are enhanced to get the better fair delay. The network congestion information from cell scheduler is used to control the predicted traffic loss rate of Neural Leaky Bucket, and token generation rate and buffer threshold are changed by the predicted values. The prediction of traffic loss rate by neural networks can enhance efficiency in controlling the cell loss rate and cell transfer delay of next incoming cells and also be applied for other traffic controlling schemes. Computer simulation results performed for random cell generation and traffic prediction show that QoSs of the various kinds of traffcis are increased.

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Exploring Professional Development of Science Teachers through the Research Experience for Teachers Program (연구 참여 경험을 통한 과학 교사의 전문성 발달 과정 탐색)

  • Baik, In-Young;Kim, Heui-Baik
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.663-679
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    • 2011
  • This case study focused on three science teachers who participated in the Research Experience for Teachers (RET) program conducted by the Center for Bridging Advanced Science and Education (CBASE). The RET program provides opportunities for participants to experience experimentations in a science laboratory for six months, enabling teachers develop teaching materials based on their experience from the RET program. The purpose of this study was to explore how the teachers had developed their professionalism through participation in the program and which factors promoted the professional development of science teachers. In this research, we defined pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) as the required knowledge for teachers to develop for their professional development. As a result of the RET program, all three participants showed integration of PCK elements: orientation to teaching science, knowledge of science, knowledge of students, knowledge of teaching, and knowledge of sources. The PCK elements which had been developed by the RET program were applied in school context and the teachers' belief became clear and strong. The teachers were able to understand the process of authentic science as they learned it from 'legitimate peripheral participation' in the authentic research context. They also showed dynamic integration between newly established elements of PCK by reflecting on the school context while developing the teaching materials. The professional development of each teacher was different depending on the purpose and PCK, which participants had already possess. This study will provide meaningful implication for the development of professional development program for science teachers based on research experience.

태양계의 물: 기원과 진화

  • Choe, Byeon-Gak;Choe, Hye-Rim
    • 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.09a
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    • pp.3-8
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    • 2005
  • 지구는 현재 태양계에서 액체 상태의 물이 표면에 존재하는 유일한 천체이다. 하지만, 고체 또는 기체 상태의 물은 태양계의 다른 행성이나, 위성, 소행성, 혜성 등에도 풍부하게 존재하고 있다. 풍부한 액체 상태의 물은 지구 표면에서 일어나고 있는 기후의 변화, 해류의 이동, 퇴적 및 침식 작용, 화산활동과 같은 여러 지구과학적 현상에 밀접하게 관여하고 있을 뿐 아니라 생명의 탄생과 진화에도 매우 중요한 역할을 하였다. 현재 지구 표면에 액체 상태의 물이 존재할 수 있는 이유는 태양으로부터의 거리, 지구의 조성 및 크기 등과 관련된 지구 표면의 물리-화학적 조건이 액체 상태의 물이 존재할 수 있는 조건과 일치하고 있기 때문이다. 이와는 달리 지구보다 태양에 더 가깝게 위치하고 있고, 두터운 이산화탄소 대기를 갖고 있어 표면의 온도가 매우 높은 금성의 경우 H2O는 기체 상태로 존재하며, 지구보다 더 멀리 떨어져 있고 희박한 대기를 갖고 있는 화성의 경우에는 현재 H2O가 고체 즉 얼음의 형태로 존재한다. 태양계를 탄생시킨 태양계 성운에서는 압력이 너무 낮아 액체 상태의 물이 존재할 수 없으며, 고온에서는 기체 상태로 매우 낮은 저온에서는 얼음의 형태, 또는 함수 광물 내에 포함되어 존재할 수 있다. 지구와 같은 규모의 행성은 비교적 중력이 작아 태양계 성운의 기체를 거의 끌어들이지 못했다. 따라서 현재 지구에 존재하는 물은 대부분은 고체 상태로 지구에 집적되었을 것이다. 하지만 지구가 탄생한 위치에서 초기 태양계의 온도는 얼음이 형성되기에는 너무 높았기 때문에 좀 더 먼 곳에서(현재의 목성 위치보다 바깥쪽)에서 생성된 얼음 즉, 혜성이 태양계 안쪽으로 들어와 지구에 물을 공급했거나 함수광물을 포함하고 있는 소행성(예를 들어 CI chondrites와 같은 조성의)이 물을 가져왔을 것으로 생각되고 있다.서의 활성화는 어미 변환과 관련된 영역이라기보다는 산출시 관련되는 articulation, motor coordinate관련 영역으로 추정되고, 측두엽의 활성화는 형태소, 의미 관련 지식의 data base로 추정된다. 또한 우반구 전두엽 부분에서 관찰된 활성화는 억제관련 영역으로 짐작된다.러한 동물실험이 그 기초를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 행동성향 및 기억의 종류에 따른 약물효과의 차이는 기억과 관련된 질병인 알츠하이머 환자에 있어 개개인에게 맞는 적절한 특징적인 치료약물이 존재할 것이라는 가능성을 제공해줄 뿐만 아니라 학습과 기억력 증진 효과를 기대해 볼 수 있을 것이라고 생각된다. 및 지역산업발전의 기획${\sim}$조정기구로서, 선진국의 지역발전기구(Regional Development Agency : RDA)인 지역전략산업기획단이 2002년도부터 산업자원부와 9개 시도에 의해 설립되어 지역네트워크의 활성화와 클러스터의 형성 촉진을 하게 되었고 2004년도에는 13개시도로 확대${\sim}$운영되고 있고, 지역특화사업(H/W)과 지역산업기술개발과제(S/W)와 함께 패케지 형태로 지원되며, 주요역할은 크게 지역산업의 정책기획 분야와 평가관리, 지역혁신역량 조사 및 DB구축 등으로 구분된다. 그중에서도 권역별, 지역별, 지역산업진흥사업 육성과 중장기 산업발전계획을 수립하기 위하여 지역혁신역량을 바탕으로 한 지역 Technology Road Map(TRM)작성사업은 전국공통의 1단계 사업으로 실시 ?榮쨉?, 2005년 3월 기준으로 9개 지역(강원, 대전, 충남, 충북, 경북, 울산, 전남, 전북, 제주) 26개 산업분야를 대상으로 23개가 완료된 상황이다. 이를 근거로 한 지역정책과 R&D 과제 및 필요 인프라의 도출이 체계적으로 구축되어 지역산업 발전을 위한

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