• 한국해양학회지
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 1976

A statistcal investigation was made on the seiches at Pohang harbor, east of Korea, based on the data of observations for the year 1973 and 1974. Pohang harbor has a most remarkable seiches comparing to the major harbors in Korea. The frequently observed conspicuos seiches at the harbor have a period of 20 to 24 minutes mostly and 60 to 84 minutes in the next place. Maximum height of seiches were 50cm in 1973 and 60cm in 1974, respectively, which were occured at the expansions of cold-dry continental high pressure and on the following day of passages of lowest pressurs. Minus tides at Pohang were occured more frequently than that of seiches and the minus tides falled more greatly at the time of seiches.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.6 s.102
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• pp.547-553
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quay crane productivity in automated container terminal with perpendicular yard layout. In particular, four quay crane (single trolley/dual trolley/double trolley/supertainer) are considered to evaluate the productivity on the terminal performance. Each quay crane load or unload containers by a different process. For each quay crane, two productivities are considered and compared: mechanical productivity, net productivity. As the net productivity of quay crane is significant, in this paper, an application of simulation model to simulate automated container terminal is developed and a wide variety of computational experiments were conducted.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.379-384
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• 2014

This article describes the dynamic behaviors of a rubber tired gantry crane(RTGC) under typical load conditions which are used in the design of gantry cranes. In order to investigate the dynamic characteristics of an RTGC, we developed a finite element crane model for its huge structure. The finite element model was validated with the modal test results, e.g., natural frequencies and normal modes. And other components of RTGC were converted into detailed 3D CAD models and finally transformed to rigid body models in a dynamic simulation program ADAMS. The load conditions considered in this paper were a normal operating condition(OP1) and container hanging condition with no external loads. As a result, we could find there was large influence of crane's vibration owing to its structural stiffness and deformation. And the vibration of crane could made the movements of RTGC, which occurs crash or malfunction of crane works.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-47
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• 2007

We analyzed the questionnaire survey for the current maintenance of Incheon port's loading and unloading equipments and the possibility of TPM(Total Productive Maintenance) application. And also, We certificated Structural Equation Model with computer packages. Results of the survey indicated that the current maintenance of Incheon port's loading and unloading equipments was not good. We recognized the relationship of contextual factors about the productivity of the loading and unloading equipments The productivity of the loading and unloading equipment positively depends on maintenance management of equipments, but the organization and personnel management does not have a influence on the productivity of the loading and unloading equipment. So we suggest TPM as the future maintenance methodology of equipments. Using TPM to the loading and unloading equipments, we will try to improve the methodology of the organization and personnel management.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.29-39
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• 2008

Recently, an ALV (Automated Lifting Vehicle) is studied as an efficient transporter, which can reduce the waiting time during ship operation in a container terminal. There are little of studies on an ALV system considering dynamic factors after analysing the cooperation between equipments. The performance of an ALV depends on self-loading & unloading of an ALV, vehicle’s interference, and occupancy of an available transfer point under dynamic environment. So, it is very difficult to evaluate the productivity of a container terminal with an ALV system. Therefore the simulation model with operational rules that be apt for an ALV system must be developed. Also the model has to consider the characteristics of interface operations and vehicle traffic. Supposing an container terminal with perpendicular layout, this study analyses the process of container handling operation and proposes operational rules such as the ALV dispatching, routing algorithm and so on for a model. We developed a simulation model for a container terminal with an ALV system using object-oriented simulation software, Anylogic.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.263-268
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• 2005

Nowadays, the vessel size is tending to be bigger and bigger, so port facilities are following this trend, which has been shown inthe competition of Hub-Port among the main ports such as Port of Busan and Port of Shanghai. But there are limited numbers of large container vessels and $70\%$ of the call ships at Busan port are middle and small sized ships which are less than 20,000ton. So we need to consider the handling facilities for these sized ships, but it has disregarded. In this paper, we estimate the optimum level of crane and labor according to vessel's size by container handling cost value reflecting size of vessel; size and number of crane and labor structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.301-307
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• 2006

As container traffic in the world increases rapidly, size if containership is become bigger and bigger. With these trends, many studies have. been done on such big ships by consultant, naval architects, port designers, ship operators, economists etc,. with different points of view and results. But previous studies were concentrated on hardware and theoretical side. Therefore the objective of this paper is to analyze response and intention of ship's user such as shipping companies and forwarding companies about prospects of mega-ship size, preference of Mega ship, problem and handling time of Mega ship.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2021

In order for the users (shipping firms and shippers) and suppliers (stevedoring firms) in the container terminal industry to win-win, it is necessary to have some appropriate diverse market conditions for the industry. This study analyses the basic conditions and demand and supply characteristics of the industry and investigates the market performance of Busan container ports. First, this article analyses the basic characteristics of demand and supply. As the demand characteristics, there are five ones such as 1) exogeneity of demand, 2) function as export/import transportation and hub for transshipment, 3) increase of users' bargaining power, 4) high substituting elasticity, 5) reduction of volume growth. As the supply characteristics, there are seven ones such as 1) inelasticity of supply, 2) homogeneity of stevedoring services, 3) over-supply, 4) adoption of cutting-edge stevedoring technology, 5) scale economy and impossibility of storage, 6) labor market rigidity, 7) enhancing port's role in SCM. In addition, this study conducts the so-called structure-conduct-performance analysis. For the structure analysis, 1) lacks of scale economy in stevedoring companies, 2) high entry barrier, 3) strengthening of shipping firms' bargaining power, 4) transitory permission scheme for tariff are analyzed. For the conduct analysis, 1) price discrimination between export/import and transshipment, 2) mid-term length of terminal use contract, 3) continuous investment in equipment, 4) low level of cooperation among terminal operating firms are derived. For the performance analysis, 1) inequality in profitability, 2) reduction of export/import cost, 3) delay in adopting cutting-edge technology, 4) idle equipment are analyzed. Following this logical flow, the hypothesis that the market structure influences the market conduct is tested based on the actual dataset. As a future agenda in the conclusion, this article recommends the so-called port industrial policy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.317-323
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to test and modify the gantry travel mechanism of an ALV(automated lifting vehicle) as a main technology of development of ALV. For the purpose of the improvement of container terminal productivity, this study performed to develop the ALV as a part of R&D. In order to verify the design data and detect the errors of detailed drawings, we performed the various limited weight test under load and unload conditions. Through the reflect of final drawing based on the this test, we could use to produce the more complete vehicle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.319-325
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• 2005

The objective of this paper is to forecast the port productivity of container terminal to response very large container ship. In general, the productivity of container terminal is evaluated by productivity of stevedoring system including container cranes, yard cranes, and yard tractors. Therefore, we analyzed the current productivity of container crane as port productivity in Pusan ports and forecast net productivity and gross productivity of container cranes to handle the containers cf very large container ship. In order to improve the productivity, we summarize alternatives of stevedoring system and operation system.