• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report a pediatric patient with bilateral facial nerve palsy. Methods The patient was treated by acupuncture, moxa, herb(Cheongungkyeoji-tang, Palmulgunja-tang) for 1 month. We described his progression and measured the degree by House-Brackmann scale and Yanagihara's scale. Results He started getting better from 7th day of the onset. During admission, the facial palsy had improved from Grade V/V(Rt/Lt) to Grade II/II(Rt/Lt) by House-Brackmann scale and from 0/0(Rt/Lt)score to 36/36(Rt/Lt)score by Yanagihara's scale. Conclusions Compared with unilateral facial nerve palsy cases, this case was not different from the time when it got better, and how much it improved. However, biased degree had increased and then decreased because of the time gap between the right facial improvements and left facial one.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.367-367
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• 2019

최근 기후변화로 인해 국지성 호우 및 태풍의 빈도가 빈발하고 및 규모가 커지고 있으며 그로 인한 홍수피해규모는 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 도시 지역의 호우로 인한 침수유발 강우량을 산정하는 기법의 정확도를 산정하는데 목적이 있으며 이를 위해 ROC(Receiver Operation Characteristic Curve) 분석을 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 분포형 홍수해석 모형인 S-RAT 모형과 2차원 침수해석 모형 FLO-2D을 커플링하여 호우로 인한 침수해석을 실시하였으며 강우시나리오는 설계 강우 200mm의 강우를 10% 간격으로 증가시켜 강우량 대비 침수심 자료를 모의하였다. 모의한 침수심 자료를 이용하여 유역 격자를 $1km{\times}1km$ 별 강우량-침수심 관계곡선식을 제시하였으며 개발된 곡선식을 이용하여 특정 침수심(20cm)을 유발시키는 강우량(한계강우량)을 산정하였다. 정확도 산정은 ROC(Receiver Operation Characteristic Curve) 분석 방법을 이용하여 침수 유무의 적중률에 따른 민감도와 특이도를 이용하여 AUC(Area Under the Curve)의 점수로 정확도를 판단하였다. 본 논문에서는 본 논문에서 제시한 한계강우량의 정확도를 판단하기 위하여 2011년 7월의 사당역 일대 침수사례를 이용하였다. 실제 침수정보가 없어 실제 호우사상과 실제 하수관망을 고려할 수 있는 SWMM 모형을 이용하여 침수분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 평균 ROC는 약 0.7로 나타났으며 5 단계의 구분에서 Fair 단계로 적정 수준의 정확도를 확보한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 2023

We are on the verge of paradigm shift for the design and operation of our urban water systems from treatment- and efficiency-based to recirculation- and sustainability-based. One of the most frequently suggested alternatives to embody this paradigm shift is to decentralize the currently highly centralized urban water infrastructure. However, claims for water infrastructure decentralization are often criticized due to poor economic feasibility, unstable performance, and unprofessional operation and maintenance. The current study critically reviews the literature to discuss the technical advancement needs to overcome such challenges. Firstly, decentralized water infrastructure was briefly defined and the rationale for the proposal of its introduction to the next-generation urban water systems was laid down. The main discussion focused on the following water technologies, which require special attention when working with decentralized water infrastructure: i) material collection, storage, and transport; ii) easily scalable water treatment; iii) sensor, information, and communications; and iv) system optimization. The principles, current development status, and challenges were discussed for each of the water technologies. The discussion on the water technologies has enabled the identification of future research needs for their application to the next-generation urban water systems which will be designed following decentralized water infrastructure. This paper will significantly improve the current understanding on water infrastructure decentralization and provides insight on future direction of water technology development.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.6 s.167
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• pp.521-531
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• 2006

The formula was proposed through the examination of probability rainfall intensity formula used in Incheon based upon recent occurrences of heavy rain and extraordinary storms. Random-time maximum annual rainfalls were estimated for durations from ten minutes to twenty-four hours from the data by Korea Meteorological Administration. Eleven types of probability distribution are considered to estimate probable rainfall depths for different storm durations at Incheon city. Three goodness-of-fit tests including Chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirmov and framer Von Misses were used to analyze the tendency of recent rainfall. Considering maximum rainfall occurred, General Extreme Value(GEV) distribution was chosen as the appropriate probability distribution. Five types of probability rainfall formulas including Talbot type, Sherman type, Japanese type, unified type I and unified type II are considered to determine the best type for rainfall intensity at Incheon. The formula was determined considering the time of concentration of sewer system and river at Incheon city. Unified type I was chosen for its accuracy and was proposed to represent rainfall intensity of Incheon district.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.381-391
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• 2009

This is the study of the effects and changes on the ichthyofauna and fish community in Jeonju-cheon stream (located in Jeonju Cit, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea) after the implementation of the Natural Stream Restoration Project. The restoration of the stream was carried out between April 2000 and December 2002, and it covered the mid-section of the stream starting from the upstream of Hanbyeok Bridge down to Samcheon where branches of water join. It is 7.2 km long and passes through the downtown area. In this study, comparisons were made before and after the restoration. Before the restoration (1975 to 1999), the number of fish species collected from the Jeonju-cheon stream turned out to be 12 to 18 species, whereas after the restoration (2003 to 2008), it increased up to 34 species in total. Especially in the case of the middle and downstream sections running across the central regions of the city (Daga Bridge to Seosin Bridge), the number of fish species significantly increased from 5 species to 22 species. Such a dramatic increase of fish species appears to be directly related to the restoration of the stream which was designed to improve the quality of water by preventing polluted sewage water from running into the stream. Besides, the structure of stream bed which became more diversified into various components such as marshes and shallows, as well as rocks, Pebbles, sand and clay, also contributed to the increase of fish species.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1016-1021
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• 2011

The enhancement for cooling performance of heat sink is surely necessary to guarantee the performance of electronic products. So in this paper, the cooling performances of the aluminum heat sink with pulsating heat pipe(PHP) were investigated experimentally and numerically. The pulsating heat pipe was used as a heat spreader. Working fluid of PHP was R-22. Heat inputs were 30W, 60W, 80W and 100W, respectively. Heat sink was tested for forced convection conditions with air velocity of 1 ~ 4m/s. And CFD simulations were conducted for two different heat sinks. The results showed that the cooling performance of heat sink with pulsating heat pipe was higher than that of conventional heat sink. Therefore, the pulsating heat pipe can be a good tool to improve cooling performance of heat sink.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2014

The experiment and FE analysis of ultimate behavior of GFRP cylindrical shell structure stiffened by steel pipe ring instead of rectangular cross-section ring was presented. Four kinds of test models were designed and flexural failure experiment was performed to investigate ultimate behavior characteristic according to the size of cross section of steel pipe ring and diameter of GFRP shell. Material properties of specimens were experimented by bending, tensile and compressive test. Displacements and strains were measured to evaluate failure behavior of steel pipe ring and GFRP shell structure. The experimental results were compared with the FEA results by commercial program ABAQUS. It is observed that GFRP shell structure stiffened by steel ring have enough ductility to bending failure, and an increase of bending rigidity of steel ring is very effective to increase of failure strength of GFRP shell structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of submerged hollow fiber MF processes to treat secondary wastewater for water reuse. Specifically, membrane productivity and filtrate water quality were investigated under various operating conditions (i.e. flux, recovery, and backwash rate) at pilot-scale. Membrane fouling became more severe with increasing flux and recovery, suggesting that low flux operation (< 25 LMH) was desirable. At high flux operating(> 37.5 LMH), increasing backwash rate showed only limited success. The biofouling, quantified by PEPA and BFHPC, was also significant in wastewater reclamation, and biogrowth control by chlorine, were necessary to improve membrane productivity. Filtrate water qualities are in good compliance with water reuse regulations regardless of operating conditions (flux, recovery and backwash rate). Particle (e.g. turbidity) removal ranged from 89 to 98%, while only 11 to 21% of organics (e.g. NPDOC) were removed by MF membrane. Only small improvement in biostability (e.g. AOC) was achieved by MF system, and thus, without post disinfection, significant microorganisms might be present in the filtrate due to regrowth. Lastly, in order to further investigate pathogen removal, controlled microbial challenge tests were performed by monitoring Giardia, Cryptosporidium, bacteria and virus, and showed relatively good microbial removal.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.791-799
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• 2005

The phased isolation intra-clarifier ditch system used in this study is a simplified novel process enhancing simultaneous removal of biological nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal wastewater in terms of elimination of additional pre-anaerobic reactor, external clarifier, recycle of sludge, and nitrified effluent recirculation by employing intrachannel clarifier. Laboratory-scale phased isolation ditch system was used to assess the treatability on municipal wastewater. When the system was operated at the HRTs of 6~12hours, SRTs of 9~31days, and cycle times of 2~8hours, the system showed removals of BOD, TN, and TP as high as 88~97%, 70~84%, and 65~90%, respectively. The rainfall in Korea is generally concentrated in summer because of site-specific characteristics. Especially, the wet season has set in on June to August. In combined sewers, seasonal variations are primarily a function of the amount of stormwater that enters the system. In order to investigate the effect of hydraulic shock loading on system performance, the laboratory-scale system was operated at an HRT of 6hours (two times of influent flowrate) during two cycles (8hours). The system performance slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate and decreasing of system HRT. Nitrification efficiency and TN removal were slightly decreased by increasing of influent flowrate (decreasing of system HRT), whereas, the denitrification was not affected by hydraulic shock loading. However, the higher system performance could be achieved again after four cycles. Thus, the phased isolation technology for enhanced biological nutrient removal in medium- and small-scale wastewater treatment plants suffering fluctuation of influent quality and flowrate.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2014

In this study, the exoskeleton orthosis for the assistance of dorsiflexion torque in ankle joint to prevent foot-drop was developed. It was consist of three part; 1) the power part using artificial pneumatic actuator, 2) wearing part of ankle and knee joints to fix the orthosis, and 3) control part to detect the gait phase using physiological signal. The dorsiflexion torque was generated by the artificial pneumatic actuator connected with wearing part between ankle and knee joint. The accurate timing to assist dorsiflexion torque is made up of physiological signal in foot sole part that detect the gait phase, that is, stance and swing phase in each foot. We conduct the experiment to investigate the effect of exoskeleton orthosis to the 7 elderly people and 10 healthy people. The result showed that the muscular activities in tibialis anterior muscle were reduced because of the assistance of dorsiflexion torque in ankle joint using the exoskeleton orthosis.