• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.58-67
• /
• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the long-term changes in water quality and benthic ecology around the Nakdong River Estuary. The effect of the estuarine barrage on the ecosystem was also evaluated. The water quality was interpreted using the field survey (2013 and 2014) and monitoring data (MOE, 1989~2013) and the macrobenthic-fauna was investigated through analysis of the field survey data (2014) and literatures review (1985~2013). The long-term variation of water quality of Nakdong River generally showed increased nutrient concentration with decreased discharge, while abrupt influence of the barrage construction was not observed. However, the nutrient and organic matter concentration inside the barrage distinctly was higher than the concentration outside the barrage because the mixing of fresh and seawater was limited by the barrage. Especially, in the period of low discharge during winter, the Chlorophyll-a concentration clearly increased more in the downstream inside the barrage, showing the barrage effect. In other words, stagnant effect caused by barrage construction had an effect on the water quality degradation in dry seasons. As for the benthic ecology inside barrage after barrage construction, molluscans and brackish-water crustaceans disappeared. Outside the barrage, benthic ecosystem has deteriorated and the small-sized organic indicative species like Prionospio membranacea, Pseudopolydora kempi, Sinocorophium sinensis became dominant due to several construction such as Myeong-Gi Bridge, Airport construction, industrial complex after the Nakdong barrage construction.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.79-79
• /
• 2020

기존과 현행 수자원 관련 의사결정은 법, 정책 및 규정의 틀에서 이루어진다. 그러나 우리나라에서 재현되고 있는 물의 사회적 현안과 갈등들을 생각할 때 이들 의사결정을 위한 틀이 충분한 역할을 하고 있는가에 의문을 제시하고 다른 길을 모색할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 물 의사결정과 행동을 주도하기 위한 기존 틀의 보완책 또는 새로운 대안으로 섬진강 유역의 수자원 이용 사례를 통하여 물 윤리의 도입과 제도화를 제안한다. 물 윤리(water ethics)는 물 정책, 관리 및 실무 등 실제행동의 복잡한 환경에서 우리의 가치를 적용하기 위해 채택하는 원칙이다. 대부분 물 윤리적 행동선택은 여러 개의 상충되는 가치를 포함하고 있어 원칙이 필요하며, 존중할 가치와 무시할 가치를 선택해야한다. 또한 이러한 가치 결정을 신속하고 효율적으로 수행하여 물 갈등해소를 지원할 필요가 있다. 물 윤리의 가치 영역은 환경, 사회, 경제, 문화, 거버넌스 등 5개로 분류할 수 있다. 섬진강 유역에는 1960년 이후 경제발전을 위하여 섬진강댐, 주암댐, 보성강댐, 동복댐, 동화댐 등 6개의 댐이 건설되었고, 이들 댐에서 확보한 수량의 60%는 섬진강 유역 외의 생·공용수, 농업용수 및 발전용수로 도수되고 있다. 송정지점을 기준으로 연평균 유출량은 댐건설 전·후에 40%로 감소한 것으로 추정되었다. 물 윤리 차원에서 이들 정책은 1960년 정부가 추구했던 경제 가치에 최우선하는 물 관리라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 물 관리는 하류로 흘러가는 수량의 부족을 초래하여 하구 생태계 훼손을 초래하였다. 특히 하구 기수역에서 상류 유입량 감소로 인한 염수의 유입으로 재첩의 생태환경이 악화되어 전통적인 재첩채취 어업문화를 이루어 왔던 어민들이 고충을 겪고 있다. 물 윤리 차원에서 섬진강의 물 관리는 경제와 함께 환경, 사회, 문화 및 거버넌스 가치의 비중을 높일 필요가 있다. 또한 하구의 환경생태 가치 보전에 필요한 환경유량을 확보하기 위해 공업용수와 농업용수 이용 효율성(재이용, 절약, 경제성), 생활용수의 수요관리, 공급시설의 최적 운영 전략을 물 윤리적 차원에서 평가해야한다. 최종적으로 확보된 환경유량의 효과적 활용을 위하여 그동안 물 관리에서 소외되었던 어민을 포한한 지자체, 수공·농어촌공사·한수원 물 관리기관, 중앙정부 등 이해관계기관의 거버넌스 가치를 높여야한다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.463-476
• /
• 2014

The riverine wetlands located in the riverside bring about social conflicts through confrontation between flood control value through flood control project and ecological preservation value of riverine wetland. In this study, we identified the importance of both values through analysis of economic feasibility of flood control and ecological values of riverine wetland, and tried to suggest management plans for riverine wetland considering both of flood control safety and ecological preservation through these results. For this, we calculated the expected annual flood damage of Imjin River using the multi-dimensional flood damage analysis(MD-FDA), and calculated the total value of riverine wetland using the contingent valuation method(CVM) to estimate preservation value of riverine wetland. The result of the analysis shows that the Imjin River needs flood control project and the ecological preservation of riverine wetland is also important. Therefore, the establishment of the management plan for protecting riverine wetland is also needed. As a result, the Imjin riverine wetland was classified as the area where sedimentation continues to take place, and the flood water level to rise. On the basis of the analyzed results, it is judged that the Imjin River needs flood control for public safety and ecological consideration for ecosystem preservation in the river improvement project. So, the stepwise river improvement is desirable to protect riverine wetland and minimize ecosystem disturbance. The results is expected to be made good use as the basic study for establishment of institutional river management plans considering flood control project and riverine wetland preservation in the future.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.46-56
• /
• 2017

The Youngsan River estuary was physically changed by the construction of a sea embankment at near the mouth of estuary. Weirs were also constructed recently in the freshwater zone and it was reported that algal blooms occur more frequently. The freshwater introduced into saltwater zone from sluice gates of the embankment affects water quality but it has not been addressed that how the freshwater inputs influence the health of marine ecosystem. In this study, we used the data of water properties and phytoplankton communities collected at three stations for 4 days including before the freshwater discharge, during the discharge and after 1 and 2 days of discharge events. WQI(water quality index), TRIX (trophic status index) and P-IBI(phytoplankton index of biotic integrity) were used to evaluate the ecosystem health and long-term data were also utilized to determine the criteria for P-IBI. The results showed that grades of the ecosystem health assessed by the indices were low at the station near the gates and increased as downstream. However, the temporal pattern of grades was different depending on methods. Grades of WQI and TRIX decreased during the discharge and restored after the discharge whereas the grades of P-IBI decreased slightly even after the discharge. This suggests that P-IBI is more applicable to estuarine systems where experience extreme change of water properties than WQI and TRIX since P-IBI includes phytoplankton that can respond quickly to the change.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.212-222
• /
• 2011

Estuaries have been used competitively and exploited for the past decades in Korea. To preserve the environment of the estuaries from the integrated perspective, new policies have started to change such exploitative development in 2000s. Due to the poor knowledge-base, however, there has been a lack of support system which enables to execute such policies effectively. The present study was conducted to figure out the limits of the estuarine management research projects in Korea, which is being performed to overcome these limitations. It was studied through Gap Analysis between domestic and foreign advanced practices as well as Analytical Hierarchy Process on expert survey in terms of the three aspects: how well the estuarine management research projects in Korea meets the demands of policy making and administration; raises the awareness of citizens about the merit of environmental preservation; and establishes knowledge-based support system. This project turned out to reflect adequately the development of programs for building estuarine management systems. But consideration of other ministries was relatively scarce. But the contents which directly support community-based activities and educational programs to improve citizens' awareness were judged to be insufficient. According to the results of Gap Analysis, research about the structure and function of estuarine ecosystems, which can support to develop policy alternatives in detail, was relatively more necessary. Therefore, to support estuarine policy management effectively, the development of a realistic plan, which can overcome fundamental issues inherent in the Korean environmental management system and the limitation of the estuarine management research projects in Korea itself, is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2016

In this paper, as a basic research for the restoration and construction of easuary saltmarsh, To observe the habitat environment for reed, we observed sediment environment (Particle size, water content, pH, nutrient analysis ($NH_4-N$, $PO_4-P$)), ground water level, ground level, individual numbers of reed, maximum reed height. As a result of this study, sediment particle size and moisture content of soil on the study area not effected reed habitat, pH showed no difference in each site. $NH_4-N$ and $PO_4-P$ concentration also no difference in each site. Ground level of reed habitat area is more higher than none reed habitat. However Ground water level of reed habitat area is more lower than none reed habitat. As a results of analyzing the influence factors for reed habitat in Nakdong estuary saltmarsh, ground water level and ground level is most influenced factor for reed habitat.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.62-62
• /
• 2011

한강하구지역의 강화해협은 한강, 임진강과 예성강의 강물이 흘러들어오는 하구형 수로로서 폭이 좁고, 유속이 매우 빠른 특성을 갖는다. 또한 조류(潮流)의 영향을 강하게 받아 상당량의 유량을 경기만으로 내보내고, 한강의 상류로부터 유입되는 상당량의 물질이 하구로 운반되어 침전하여 쌓이거나 하류의 외해로 배출하는 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 한강하류부에 위치한 강화해협의 유 무에 따른 한강과 임진강의 흐름특성 변화를 분석하였다. 수치모의를 위해 복잡한 하구지역의 물의 흐름해석이 가능한 일차원적인 모델링 도구인 MIKE 11 모형을 이용하여 정류 및 부정류 해석을 실시하였다. 상류경계조건은 홍수 시 방류량이 크게 증가하는 홍수기 유량과 조위의 영향을 많이 받는 평수기 시 유량으로 설정하였고, 하류경계조건은 평수기를 비롯하여 홍수기에도 임진강과 한강의 유량에 영향을 미치는 서해 조위로 설정하였다. 강화해협의 폐쇄에 따른 수위 변화의 영향은 홍수기 시 실제 강우 사상을 모의 하였을 때 최대 8.21% 수위가 상승하였으며, 200년 빈도 계획홍수량을 모의한 결과로는 정류 해석의 경우 최대 8.25%의 변화율을 보였고, 부정류 해석의 경우 최대 13.08%의 변화율을 보였다. 평수기는 창조기에 수위 변화가 적었던 반면 낙조기에는 창조기에 비해 수위 변동이 심하게 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 추후 강화해협 뿐만 아니라 해양생태계의 중요한 가치를 지니고 있는 한강하구의 다른 수로에 의한 영향을 분석함으로써 수로의 중요성을 평가하고, 2차원 수치해석 등을 통한 다양한 분석을 실행하여, 홍수 및 해양환경 훼손으로부터 하구 환경을 보호하는 보다 정량적인 대응체계가 정립되어야할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.347-351
• /
• 2002

유입되는 담수의 영향을 크게 받는 한 하구 (미국 버지니아주의 요크강)의 크기별 식물성플랑크통의 역학에 대한 수리역학적 조절에 대한 조사를 위해 플랑크톤 생태계모델이 계발되었다. 모델은 요크강 하류의 상부층에서의 탄소 및 영양염의 분포를 나타내는 12개의 구성체 변수로 이루어져 있다. 빛, 온도, 바람, 해류 그리고 조수와 같이 이송과 혼합을 일으키는 물리적 변수들로 포함하고 있다. 모델은 포트란으로 계발되었고 Runge- Kutta technique을 이용해 미분방정식을 풀었다. 모델분석 결과, 크기가 큰 마이크로 식물성플랑크톤의 수화는 수체내의 생산보다는 이송이나 확산 때문에 나타나는 것임을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.212-224
• /
• 2011

The Yeongsan River estuary, located in the south west coast, was a typical estuary before a dike was constructed in December 1981. After the construction, the water quality and plankton communities are expected to change. We investigated the change of phytoplankton community and environmental properties in the Yeongsan River estuary by comparing the data collected recently with the results reported before and/or shortly after the construction. Concentrations of $NH_4$-N were significantly increased in the freshwater zone. Concentrations of DO at the surface, $NO_2+NO_3$ and $NH_4$-N were increased while the concentrations of $PO_4$ at the surface were decreased in the seawater zone. The number of green algae species was decreased in the freshwater zone. The number of diatom species was decreased while the numbers of green algae and dinoflagellates were increased in the seawater zone. This study can provide information for better management of the Yeongsan River estuary since no comparison study has been documented between the phytoplankton community before and after the construction of the dike in the estuary.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2019

The Nakdong Estuary has experienced hydraulic and topographic changes over the last century, which have had negative effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. The population of Scirpus planiculmis, a major food plant for wintering birds in Nakdong Estuary, has decreased over the last decade. To identify factors that influence S. planiculmis population, 6 short core samples (about 30cm) were collected in June and August, 2018. The sand percentage was over 80% in every samples and the average sediment salinity in June and August were $17.8{\pm}1.12psu$ and $18.4{\pm}1.83psu$, respectively. ${\delta}^{13}C$ of sediment cores varied from -25.4‰ to -22.6‰ which fall within the estuarine particulate organic matters. In cores collected in Eulsuk area, the highest ${\delta}^{13}C$ values were observed at the surface (0~1cm) indicating inputs of marine POM (particulate organic matter) to the Nakdong Estuary. No significant difference between vegetation and non-vegetation stations was observed in every items we investigated which might indicate that the physicochemical environment of vegetation area is almost same as that of non-vegetation area. Therefore, the high sand percentage and sediment salinity of Nakdong Estuary might affect the reduction in S. planiculmis population.