• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2018

Due to the environmental factors of the sea, ship accidents always contain an inclination angle. The change in the ship affects not only the evacuation speed of passengers but also the fire growth in the ship. For this reason, when analyzing the fire, it is necessary to analyze the risks by considering conditions of inclination. In this study, the temperature that affects the fire was calculated by alteration of ship's heel and trim angle and analyzed using FLUENT. Based on fire occurrence position, evacuation should be done within 37 seconds under the condition of $-10^{\circ}$ heeling angle and 36 seconds under the condition of $-10^{\circ}$ trim angle. However, it was predicted that the evacuation will not be affected under the conditions of $+10^{\circ}$ heel angle and $+10^{\circ}$ trim angle. For these reasons, it is confirmed that when the ship is on fire, evacuation measures should be considered based on the heel and trim conditions as per the location of the fire.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Recently commercial egress softwares are frequently used for the risk assessment. The estimation of evacuation time is an important procedure and the outflow coefficient in a bottleneck becomes the crucial factor for design of emergency planning. This paper compares the outflow coefficient of measurement with those of softwares in the bottlenecks of subway stations where masses of people movement is observed. Stairway and turnstile are the 2 bottleneck points along escape pathway. For the escape simulation it is recommended that 2 different modes be used in the programs for 2 kinds of bottleneck. The results of the comparison makes a big difference among them and some of differences can be reduced by correct design of input data. In conclusion the results of simulation should be examined thoroughly by procedure of comparisons with other results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.255-258
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 이전의 연구를 통해 계단형 공동주택 화재 시 재실자 피난특성 및 연기거동에 관한 연구를 실물실험을 통해 수행한 바 있으나 이때 야기된 문제점들을 적절한 방재설비를 도입함으로써 일부 해소하고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이전의 연구와 동일한 대상 건물과 조건에서 수치해석을 수행하며 특히 계단실에 방재설비(배연팬 등) 설치 유 무에 따른 독성가스의 전파 특성 및 최상층까지의 도달시간등을 비교 검토하였다. 계단형 공동주택에서 층간에 배연팬이 설치되어 작동되는 경우가 배연팬이 없는 경우보다 약 45%의 CO 방출량을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 판단되지만 1층 출입구를 통해 유입되는 공기량은 배연팬이 없는 경우가 배연팬이 설치되어 작동되는 경우보다 약 23% 크기 때문에 이로 인해 제연풍속의 증가를 가져올 수도 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.361-366
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 무인운영이 예정되어 있는 경량철도 지하역사 화재 시 안전대책을 강구하기 위하여 다양한 시나리오의 화재상황을 모사하여 FDS 사용코드를 이용해 화재유동현상을 분석하였다. 해석경계조건은 전동차 내부공간을 포함한 지하 3개 층과 설계에 반영된 환기설비를 적용하였으며, 약 500만 개의 격자를 34개 블록으로 나누어 계산하였다. 비상탈출 동선을 파악하여 주요 위치에서 피난경로상의 각 층 바닥으로 부터 1 m 높이의 한계온도와 연기층의 도달시간을 시나리오 별로 분석하여 보았다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2012

Recently, evacuation safety of building resident become the major concern, as the building has been higher and more complicated. Required evacuation time using stairway is longer in high-rise buildings, moreover it is impossible for the disabled to evacuate by using stairway. For this reason the study on the effectiveness of using elevator for evacuation is progressing. This study shows the flow coefficient of hoistway when elevator is moving. The results of this study can be used for the study of elevator piston effect as basic data. Experiments were performed in 5 different hoistways at 3-story and 2-story buildings. According to the result of flow coefficient experiments, average flow coefficient is 0.954. Considering the $4{\sigma}$ to guarantee 99.99 % reliance, it is 0.86. This result is 3.6 % bigger than 0.83 that Klote and Tamura suggested. It represents that the maximum critical pressure is decreased about 7 % on the same condition of elevator and elevator shaft. When the smoke control performance of high-rise building is evaluated, the result is significant economically by applying a more realistic and less value of elevator piston effect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.197-208
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• 2007

Enormously sized buildings are appearing world-wide with the advancement of construction techniques. Large-scaled and complicated structures will have increased difficulties for dealing with safety, and will demand well-matched safety measures. This research introduced up-to-date techniques and systems which are applied in buildings in foreign nations. Furthermore, it proposed s direct guidance plan for buildings in case of fire. Since it is possible to install wireless sensor networks which detect fires or effects of fire, the plan makes use of this information. Accordingly, the authors completed a direct guidance plan that was based on omnidirectional guidance lights. It is possible to select a route with concern about both time and capacity with a concept of a non-dominated path. Finally, case studies showed that quickest path algorithms were effective for guiding efficient dispersion routes and in case of restriction of certain links in preferred paths due to temperature and smoke, it was possible to avoid relevant links and to restrict demand in the network application. Consequently, the algorithms were able to maximize safety and minimize evacuation time, which were the purposes of this study.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2020

The study analyzes the appropriate number of people per a household by applying an evacuation simulation to a 27-floor apartment in accordance with the NFPA 101 standard. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, if there are three people residing in each household, there would be 156 households in total, of which 85.25% were evacuated within 5 minutes. Second, 208 households with 4 residents were evacuated within 5 minutes. Third, if there are five people residing in each household, there would be a total of 260 households and 71.92% of residents were evacuated within 5 minutes. Lastly, 62.82% of the 312 households, each consisting of 6 people, were evacuated within 5 minutes. Measures to reduce evacuation time include determining the width of the stairs according to the number of people indoors, the number of floors in the building, the slope of stairs, and the users' characteristics, the design reflecting the ventilation conditions of the stairs, the installment of outdoor evacuation stairs, two-way stairs, evacuation lift, and the installation of an evacuation safety zone for people to evacuate outside of the building in the middle floors. In addition, measures, such as the mandatory installation of automatic emergency door open-close device to the rooftop, are required to facilitate rooftop evacuation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.428-431
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 터널 화재 시 보다나은 대피 안전성확보를 위해 2차적 사고예방에 목적을 둔 정보표지판(Variable Message Sign)을 제연막으로 활용함으로써 터널 대피자의 안전성을 확보하고 대피취약자로 하여금 충분한 대피시간의 확보를 위한 최적의 조건을 제시하고자 하였다. 정보표지판의 다양한 설치 조건에 따라 화재연기가 전파되어지는 거리를 화재 시뮬레이션인 FLUENT와 피난 시뮬레이션인 SIMULEX를 이용하여 통근자와 고령자의 안전거리를 비교하고 대피 안전성을 검토하였다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.79-86
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• 2010

In this study, we confirmed the fact that air egress velocity of pressure differential system which is installed in vestibule of smokeproof stairway in domestic high-rise building becomes back-flow into the vestibule not into the livingroom when the doors open to escape in case of fire by actual measurement. It concerned that fire smoke inflow into the vestibule of smokeproof stairway. so, reflux symptoms were developing the condition does not occur by creating an area of $2m^2$ and a model. if it‘s area is less, airflow in upper area was severely reflux. in the case upward 45 gradient of supply damper’s angle of blade, The results that reflux symptoms include upper door but bottom has some reflux. also vestibule of smokeproof stairway‘s area of $4m^2$ in the living room door in the direction of the flow distributon was normal. if a vestibule of smokeproof stairway is smaller, it designed to be performance-based design should be.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

The study is to perform numerical analysis of train fire characteristics in an underground subway tunnel, depending the different locations of ventilation facility. To study the characteristics of train fire, two kinds of worst-case scenarios are selected, based on escape distance, escape time, and fire zone, and trends and thermal environments of tunnel are analyzed by changing the locations of ventilation facility for times. Fire characteristics is calculated by using FLUENT v.6.3.26, and turbulent flow is calculated by using the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ model. The numerical results show distribution of carbon monoxide concentration, temperature, and velocity. The results of this study will contribute to building the most suitable ventilation systems when designing subway stations and tunnels.