• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 1996

Power input in stirred vessel is especially important in the design of mixers, as well as the evaluation of mixing processes. A type of baffles in mechanically agitated vessels and power employed are major factors that determine the stirring efficiency in a large scale, multi-step processes. In the present study, power input in the totally baffled agitated vesseles was compared systematically in connection with several previous studies and adequate power input correlation was found to be : $Np_{(pitch)}=({\theta}/90^{\circ})Np_{(90^{\circ})}$ Power number correlation was dependent upon the distance of among the impeller in the agitated vesseles, as follows : $$Np=7.09(n_p)^{0.7}(\frac{b_(double)}{d})(\frac{H}{D})^{0.18}$$, $${n_p}^{0.7}(\frac{b_{(double)}}d)$$<2 $$Np=8.73\{(n_p)^{0.7}(\frac{b_{(double)}}{d})\}^{0.7}(\frac{H}{D})^{0.18}$$, $${n_p}^{0.7}(\frac{b_{(double)}}d)$$>2.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 2014

Many industrial processes such as continuous stirred tank reactors(CSTRs), desalination plant, distillation columns, pH neutralization processes and so on exhibit highly nonlinear characteristic and time-varying behavior during operation. The control of such processes has been challenging to control engineers. Hence, a variety of forms of PID controllers and their tuning rules for industrial processes have been developed to guarantee the best performance. In this paper, a scheme that designs the practical PID controller with an anti-windup strategy incorporating with an evolutionary algorithm(EA) is presented for the concentration control of a nonisothermal CSTR. EA is used to tune the parameters of the overall PID control process with anti-windup by minimizing the integral of absolute error(IAE). Simulation works for reference tracking and disturbance rejecting performances and robustness to parameter changes show the feasibility of using the proposed method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.36 no.12
• /
• pp.1535-1542
• /
• 2012

A Heat Recovery Steam Generator(HRSG) is the main component of a Combined Cycle Power Plant(CCPP). It is a very large structure that is made from relatively thin metal sheets. Therefore, the structural integrity of an HRSG is very important to ensure safe operation during plant lifetime. In particular, thermal deformation and thermal fatigue have been revealed as the main causes of the mechanical degradation of an HRSG. In order to prevent unexpected damage, safety evaluation based on a large-scale analysis is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to improve the safety of HRSG by using Finite Element Analysis(FEA) results derived from large-scale analysis. Furthermore, the modified design is verified by comparing it with the original one. This result will be used as basic data for improving the safety of a vertical-type HRSG.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.187-192
• /
• 2017

This paper presents an ongoing study to develop a novel pressure sensor by means of a Nano Carbon Piezoresistive Composite (NCPC). The sensor was fabricated using the 3D printing process. We designed a miniaturized cantilever-type sensor electrode to improve the pressure sensing performance and utilized a 3D printer to build a small-sized body. The sensor electrode was made of 2 wt％ MWCNT/epoxy piezoresistive nano-composite, and the sensor body was encapsulated with a pipe plug cap for easy installation to any pressure system. The piezoresistivity responses of the sensor were converted into stable voltage outputs by using a signal processing system, which is similar to a conventional foil strain gauge. We evaluated the pressure-sensing performances using a pressure calibrator in the lab environment. The 3D-printed cantilever electrode pressure sensor showed linear voltage outputs of up to 16,500 KPa, which is a 200％ improvement in the pressure sensing range when compared with the bulk-type electrode used in our previous work.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2015

Recently, there have been the increase of ship size and the development of oil and gas in arctic region. These trends have led to the requirements such as high strength, good toughness at low temperature and good weldability for prevent of brittle fracture at service temperature. There has been the key issue of crack arrestability in large size structure such as container ship. In this report for the first time, crack arrest toughness of thick steel plate welds was evaluated by large scale ESSO test for estimate of brittle crack arrestability in thick steel plate. For large structures using thick steel plates, fracture toughness of welded joint is an important factor to obtain structural integrity. In general, there are two kinds of design concepts based on fracture toughness: crack initiation and crack arrest. So far, when steel structures such as buildings, bridges and ships were manufactured using thick steel plates (max. 80~100mm in thickness), they had to be designed in order to avoid crack initiation, especially in welded joint. However, crack arrest design has been considered as a second line of defense and applied to limited industries like pipelines and nuclear power plants. Although welded joint is the weakest part to brittle fracture, there are few results to investigate crack arrest toughness of welded joint. In this study, brittle crack arrest designs were developed for hatch side coaming of large container ships using arrest weld, hole, and insert technology.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.36 no.7
• /
• pp.797-803
• /
• 2012

Proportional solenoid valves are a modulating type that can control the displacement of valves continuously by means of electromagnetic forces proportional to the solenoid coil current. Because the solenoid-type modulating valves have the advantages of fast response and compact design over air-operated or motor-operated valves, they have been gaining acceptance in chemical and power plants to control the flow of fluids such as water, steam, and gas. This paper deals with the auto tuning of the position controller that can provide the proportional and integral gain automatically based on the dynamic system identification. The process characteristics of the solenoid valve are estimated with critical gain and critical period at a stability limit based on implemented relay feedback, and the controller parameters are determined by the classical Ziegler-Nichols design method. The auto-tuning algorithm was verified with experiments, and the effects of the operating point at which the relay control is activated as well as the relay amplitude were investigated.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.222-226
• /
• 2007

In this paper we composed the dual fuzzy rules using each region of specific points and $e-{\Delta}e$ phase plane In order to make dual fuzzy rule base. We composed the fuzzy control rules which can decrease rise time, delay time, maximum overshoot than basic fuzzy control rules. proposed method is alternately use at specific points of $e-{\Delta}e$ phase plane with two fuzzy control rules that is one control rule occruing the steady state error in transient region and another fuzzy control rule use to decrease the steady state error and rapidly converge at the convergence region. Also, two fuzzy control rules in the $e-{\Delta}e$ phase plane decide the change time according to response characteristics of plants. In order to confirm thef proposed algorithm. As the results of experiments through the hydraulic servo motor control system with a DSP processor, We verified that proposed dual fuzzy control rules get the good response compare with the basic fuzzy control rule.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.198-204
• /
• 2010

The cover of truck agitator give in a part to prevent the lower flowing of fresh concrete when the concrete are transported from the ready mixed concrete plant to the construction field. As a result of the question data, it show up a dirty image to the general civil society. Due to the above image, it is predicted to affect the image of the construction company, so we did the site experiment of the flowing, the amounts of air, the temperature change of concrete with the concrete left in the site, to find out the usefulness. Also, for the comparing with this, we got the result by doing the inner experiment with the same condition. As the result of the experiment, the cover of truck agitator affect little to the reduction of slump. The change of the air amount, regardless of the existence of cover, was not effected much in proper level until 60minutes. In addition, The compression strength was proper to the goal design strength until 90minutes regardless of the cover of truck agitator exist or not exist.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 2005

Cemented Sand and Gravel (CSG) is a material made by simple mixing of rock-based raw materials such as excavated soil and riverbed gravel together with cement and water. The use of CSG material for cofferdam and large dam is gradually increasing in Japan because a quarry and aggregate plants can be diminished. Also, the CSG method can reduce dam construction cost, construction duration and destruction of environment. In this paper, the basic strength characteristics of CSG, such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and stress-strain curve were investigated by unconfined compression test and large triaxial compression test. From the results of the experimental study, the correlation equations between elastic modulus and unit cement, age are proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 1996

Sliding mode controller(SMC) is a simple but powerful nonlinear controller, because it guarantees the stability and the robustness. However, it leads to the high frequency chattering of the control input. Although the phenomenon can be avoided by introducing a thin boundary layer to the sliding surface, the method results in a steady state: error proportional to the boundary layer thickness. In this paper, we proposed a new sliding mode controller with self-tuning the thickness of a boundary layer. It uses a fuzzy rule base for tuning the thickness of a boundary layer. That is, the thickness is increased to some degree to reject a discontinuous control input at the initial state and then it is decreased as the states approaches to the steady states for improving the tracking performance. In order to assure the control performance, we perf'ormed the computer simulation using an inverted pendulum system as a controlled plant.