• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.127-139
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• 2010

The concept of Web 2.0, which means that internet users are producers and also consumers is evolved according to the development of web service technology. In the Web 2.0 space, the enormous amount of web contents are produced using many social web services. Proactive display system supports various types of users's web contents. Unfortunately, private web contents sharing facility is imperfect to date. In this paper, we develop a proactive display application which identifies people, displaying their social contents such as blogs and open cafes through wide display devices or multi-media players in physical spaces. For this, we develop a social contents presentation server where users can register their profiles and information on the social contents to be shared through the developed application. Also, we develop a social contents presentation client that proactively identifies the user in close proximity and displays the user's social contents through an intuitive user interface in physical spaces. In addition, we develop an on-the-spot feedback service which supports posting various types of replies and an on-the-spot scrap service which specifies direct sharing of the contents through the intuitive user interface.

• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.184-192
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• 2008

Fluoride-type cleaning agents such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFEA) and hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) do not destroy ozone in the stratosphere and have low global warming potential compared to hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). Especially, HFEs which have no flash point are paid attention as next generation type of cleaning agents for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) since they are safe in handling and have excellent penetration ability compared to hydrocarbon cleaning agents with low flash point. Here, the physical properties and cleaning abilities of fluoride-type cleaning agents such as TFEA, HFE-7100, HFE-7200, HFE-476mec, HFE-449mec-f, AE-3000 and AE-3100E and silicide-type cleaning agents such as trifluoroetoxytrimethylsilane (TFES) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) were measured and compared with those of ozone destruction substances such as CFC-113 and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. They were also compared with toxic methylene chloride (MC) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) which are now being used as an alternative cleaning agents. As a result, TFEA and HFEs had lower cleaning ability for removal of various soils compared to chloride-type cleaning agents, but they showed excellent cleaning ability fur fluoride-type soils. TFES and HMDS also showed excellent cleaning ability for silicide-type soils.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2017

This study was conducted to determine 16 preservatives and 18 UV filter ingredients levels in 100 sunblock products. The order of detection rates of preservatives was phenoxyethanol (n=61), benzoic acid (n=19), methyl paraben (n=11), benzyl alcohol (n=8), propyl paraben (n=7). Also the order of detection rates of UV filter ingredients was titanium dioxide (n=81), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (n=69), zinc oxide (n=48), ethylhexyl salicylate (n=48), bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyltriazine (n=44). The content of the detected preservatives and UV filter ingredients was within maximum allowed amount established by KFDA. In addition, preservatives and UV filter ingredients, which were not labeled in the products, were detected in 31 and 2 products respectively.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2005

We prepared an anti-adhesion membrane made of sodium hyaluronate/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC) and evaluated its effectiveness for adhesion prevention in a rat model. The anti-adhesion membrane was prepared by lyophilizing HA/CMC solution and cross-linking properly with 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC). In a cecum/abdominal wall abrasion model of Sprague-Dawley rat, cecal serosa and abdominal wall were abraded in $1\times2\;(cm^2)$ with a bone burr after peritoneal midline incision and sutured at 3 points around the injured surface. The denuded cecum was covered with HA/CMC membrane (experimental group), or nothing (control group) and apposed to the abdominal wall. Most of the control group represented 3 or more of adhesion grade at POD 7, 14, 21, and 28, whereas $60\~70\%$ of the experimental group was 2 or less of adhesion grade at 14, 21, and 28. It was similar in the adhesion strength. In a general manner, the adhesion grade and strength showed gradual increasing until POD 14, almost same or a little increasing POD 21, but decreasing POD 28. Also the control group was much higher in adhesion grade, strength, and area than the experimental group. It is expected that the anti-adhesion membrane will have a good clinical result in postoperative adhesion prevention.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2006

The NaA zeolite membrane was synthesized on the surface of a porous ${\alpha}$-alumina support from the reaction solution composed of 1Si : 1Na : 4Na $6H_{2}O$. The pervaporation performance of the synthesized NaA zeolite membrane was investigated for the iso-propyl alcohol (IPA) aqueous solution according to the different feed concentration and the different operating temperature. The total flux decreases by increasing the feed IPA concentration and increases by increasing the temperature. The total flux was about $4.0{\times}10^3g/m^2\;hr\;at\;60^{\circ}C$ and 0.6 mole fraction of IPA and the separation factor was $1.8{\times}10^7\;at\;60^{\circ}C$ and 0.8 mole fraction of IPA. The separation performance of water through the NaA membrane was found to be superior to that obtainable with a distillation process just by comparison of the vapor-liquid equilibrium data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.749-754
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• 2011

In this study, we propose the design of optimized pRBFNNs-based face recognition system using two-dimensional Image and ASM algorithm. usually the existing 2 dimensional face recognition methods have the effects of the scale change of the image, position variation or the backgrounds of an image. In this paper, the face region information obtained from the detected face region is used for the compensation of these defects. In this paper, we use a CCD camera to obtain a picture frame directly. By using histogram equalization method, we can partially enhance the distorted image influenced by natural as well as artificial illumination. AdaBoost algorithm is used for the detection of face image between face and non-face image area. We can butt up personal profile by extracting the both face contour and shape using ASM(Active Shape Model) and then reduce dimension of image data using PCA. The proposed pRBFNNs consists of three functional modules such as the condition part, the conclusion part, and the inference part. In the condition part of fuzzy rules, input space is partitioned with Fuzzy C-Means clustering. In the conclusion part of rules, the connection weight of RBFNNs is represented as three kinds of polynomials such as constant, linear, and quadratic. The essential design parameters (including learning rate, momentum coefficient and fuzzification coefficient) of the networks are optimized by means of Differential Evolution. The proposed pRBFNNs are applied to real-time face image database and then demonstrated from viewpoint of the output performance and recognition rate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6221-6226
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• 2015

In this paper, waveguide analysis was interpreted as an optical waveguide using the feedback perturbation method simple and easy to apply compared to the analysis method, while the other almost identical to the numerical calculation method. In addition, efficient coupling with an optical transmission line of optical fiber and the waveguide form the thin film of different functional elements is required in order to achieve the full optical communication system. However, problems arise, such as the light field (field) and the decrease of the access efficiency due to inconsistency in the distribution characteristics of the connection surface by the difference in size of the cross section thereof when connecting the optical fiber and the waveguide directly to the combination of a thin film. Therefore propose a new type of connector structure to increase the efficiency of the connection when connecting the optical fiber waveguide and the thin film was analyzed by applying a coupled mode theory, the binding efficiency of the modified contactor. And by diffusing Ti on the $LiNbO_3$ substrate and a wide range of applications in the manufacture of integrated optical material made of a current low-loss Ti: $LiNbO_3$ optical waveguide and making the Y-branch waveguide, and the properties were confirmed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2015

As personal devices and pervasive technologies for interacting with networked objects continue to proliferate, there is an unprecedented world of scattered pieces of contextualized information available. However, the explosive growth and variety of information ironically lead users and service providers to make poor decision. In this situation, recommender systems may be a valuable alternative for dealing with these information overload. But they failed to utilize various types of contextual information. In this study, we suggest a methodology for context-aware recommender systems based on the concept of contextual boundary. First, as we suggest contextual boundary-based profiling which reflects contextual data with proper interpretation and structure, we attempt to solve complexity problem in context-aware recommender systems. Second, in neighbor formation with contextual information, our methodology can be expected to solve sparsity and cold-start problem in traditional recommender systems. Finally, we suggest a methodology about context support score-based recommendation generation. Consequently, our methodology can be first step for expanding application of researches on recommender systems. Moreover, as we suggest a flexible model with consideration of new technological development, it will show high performance regardless of their domains. Therefore, we expect that marketers or service providers can easily adopt according to their technical support.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2009

In this study, we synthesized a series of dendritic polystyrene-b-linear poly (t-butyl acrylate) copolymers with well-defined molecular architectures. The hydroxyl group located at the focal point of the second generation dendron bearing polystyrene ($M_n$ = 1000 g/mol) peripheries was converted into amine group via the following stepwise reactions: 1) tosylatoin, 2) azidation, and 3) reduction. On the other hand, the linear poly (t-butyl acrylate)s were prepared by an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of t-butyl acrylate where benzyl 2-bromopropanoate and Cu(I)Br/PMDETA were used as initiator and catalyst, respectively. To convert the end group of prepared poly (t-butyl acrylate) s into carboxylic acid, a debenzylation was performed using Pd/C catalyst under $H_2$ atmosphere. In the final step, dendritic-linear block copolymers were obtained through a simple amide coupling reaction mediated by 4-(dimethylamino) pyridine(DMAP) and N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide(DIPC). The resulting diblock copolymers were shown to have well-defined molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions as supported by $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography(GPC).

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 2010

Zaltoprofen is a propionic acid derivative of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and has been widely used in the treatment of a number of arthritic conditions or lumbago. Zaltoprofen has low water solubility and low bioavailability, therefore great efforts have been devoted to enhance the extent of drug adsorption. In this study, zaltoprofen was formulated into a tablet to enhance the bioavailability and to achieve sustained-release using additives such as lactose monohydrate, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were employed to study the structure and crystallization of zaltoprofen in the tablet with various contents of additives. It was found that additives had interactions with zaltoprofen and inhibited the crystallization of zaltoprofen. Tablets containing low viscosity HPMC showed a higher release than those containing high viscosity HPMC. Also, as the amount of CMC increased zaltoprofen release increased.