• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.469-476
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• 2021

The framework plan for the development of an integrated underground space map was established of preventing ground subsidence. The mapping process is expected to be completed to the level of nationwide municipal government standards by end of this year. To facilitate the utilization of the integrated underground space map, paper-based drawings for specialized organizations in underground safety impact assessment have been provided since September 2018, and services for local government officials have been provided in the underground information utilization system since May 2019. However, the map is utilized based on the information at the time of the initial development of the map, without any updates, thereby resulting in a lack of accuracy and latest information. This has led to a decrease in the utilization and reliability of the information. Therefore, in this study, for the underground structures(subway, underground shopping mall, underground passage, underground roadway, underground parking lot, utility tunnel), which are the key components of the integrated underground space map, a standard format for the submission of completed drawings is designed in accordance with Article 42 (2) of the Special Act on Underground Safety Management, which aims at laying the foundation for establishing the updated system of the integrated underground space map. In addition, through the verification of the automatically updated underground structure data based on the standard format, the reliability of the data can be assured. This format is expected to contribute to the improved utilization of the integrated underground space map in the future.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.2 s.5
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• pp.105-117
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• 2004

CVO(Commercial Vehicle Operations) of Intelligent Transport Systems is the system to manage effciently cargo distribution as providing at real time the information of cargo location and situation through nS and GPS technology. In this paper, we proposed the Gate Automation System of harbors among AVI/AEI. To implement this system, we use the DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication) which adopts an wireless communication between RSE(Road-side Equipment) and OBE(on-Board Equipment) on a vehicle. When constructing the automation gateway system of harbors, the business application ability are reviewed practically and the logistics facilities to be constructed in the near future nay use this paper results according to the international standard and it could help complete integrated logistics system.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1993

Soil samples and the intestinal contents of arthropods, mollusca, pisces, aves, and mammals were examined for the presence of Clostridium botulinum. Demonstration of Clostridium botulimun was accomplished by identifying its toxin in liquid cultures inoculated with soil or material from the alimentary tract of tested animals with toxin neutralization tests in addition to morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. Incidences of Clostridium botulinum in tested samples were 5.0% in soil, 6.7% in mammal and 8.7% in fish, respectively. All of the positive cultures were identified as Clostridium botulinum type E and any other type was not demonstrated throughout the survey. Canned foods and solid ham/sausage mixture formulated as can with distilled water were inoculated with Clostridium botulinum type E and checked for toxin production by using the mouse bioassay. Clostridium botulinum type E toxin was produced as a large quantity in canned foods of fish, shell, meat and ham and, however, no significant toxin was detected in sausages and fruit samples.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

Domestic usage of high strength steel for pile has been limited to steel with yield strength (YS) of 490 MPa. However, design and construction cases abroad show beneficial usage of steel pipe with YS ranging in 500~700 MPa. In this study, YS 590 MPa steel pipe has been tested for driven pile foundation in Songdo area. Pile dynamic analysis (PDA) was carried out for 18 piles of which 16 piles have been reviewed for comparison of the PDA test results with those of GRLWeap analysis using SPT N value. Back analysis of PDA analysis was also carried out to narrow the deviation of standard SPT N value used in GRLWeap analysis. A regression equation is suggested for the shaft and toe resistance according to SPT N values for future GRLWeap analysis that can be used in the designing stage at Songdo area.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.662-668
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• 2001

Since the problem of disproving a tautology is as hard as the problem of proving it, no polynomial time algorithm for falsification(or testing invalidity) is feasible. Previous algorithms are mostly based on either divide-and-conquer or graph representation. Most of them demonstrated satisfactory results on a variety of input under certain constraints. However, they have experienced difficulties dealing with big input. We propose a new falsification algorithm using a Merge Rule to produce a counterexample by constructing a minterm which is not satisfied by an input expression in DNF(Disjunctive Normal Form). We also show that the algorithm is consistent and sound. The algorithm is based on a greedy method which would seek to maximize the number or terms falsified by the assignment made at each step of the falsification process. Empirical results show practical performance on big input to falsify randomized nontautological problem instances, consuming O(nm$^2$) time, where n is the number of variables and m is number of terms.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2007

A hybrid experimental-numerical method is presented for determining the stresses around a circular hole in a finite-width, tensile loaded plate. Measured fringe orders along straight lines provided the input information on the external boundary of the hybrid element. In order to see the effects of varying stress field, different numbers of terms in a power-series representation of the complex type conformal mapping stress function were tested. For qualitative comparison, actual isochromatic fringes were compared with reconstructed theoretical fringes using stress-optic law. For quantitative comparison, relative errors and standard deviations with respective to relative errors were analyzed for all measured points by changing the number of terms of stress function. The hybrid results are highly comparable with those predicted by FEA. The results show that this approach is effective and promising because isochromatic data along the straight lines in photoelasticity can be conveniently measured by use of phase shifting photoelasticity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2016

This study analyzed the state of the vessels which were using the berth for dangerous goods more than its carrying capacity in the major dangerous cargo handling port of Ulsan in Korea, The result of the analysis showed that a ship which has 3 times more than the maximum berthing capacity was moored at berth. Accordingly, a simulation model for 50,000 DWT berth was built and carried out the mooring safety analysis with 50,000 DWT, 70,000 DWT and 100,000 DWT vessels by mooring assessment program. The evaluation was carried out according to the standard environment presented in OCIMF standards. 50,000 DWT vessel was evaluated to meet the acceptable criteria but, 70,000 DWT and 100,000 DWT vessels exceeded the acceptable limit as per external conditions. Consequently, safe mooring guidelines were suggested and also proposed the building of common 'Mooring safety guideline' for port with assessment of different cases.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to analyze informatization competencies of the international ship supply companies at Busan port. This study comprehensively suggests certain issues attributed to the successful implementation of total information management system for ship supply. To achieve this objective, evaluation was undertaken based on the model of the National Competency Standards (NCS). This model consisted of three evaluation areas, including 20 items. Analysis of information competencies of ship supply companies was undertaken using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method. Survey data was collected from ship supply companies located in the ship supply center at Busan port. Results found that there were significant differences between importance and performance. In addition, overall informatization competency was very low. Thus, in order to ensure successful implementation of total information management system, re-education programs for ICT usage and dedicated support organization are necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.991-1002
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• 2014

Both Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods are efficient for the estimation of regression coefficients of various Tobit regression models (see. e.g. Chib, 1992; Greene, 1990; Lee and Choi, 2013); however, some researchers recognized that the maximum likelihood method tends to underestimate the disturbance variance, which has implications for the estimation of marginal effects and the asymptotic standard error of estimates. The underestimation of the maximum likelihood estimate in a seemingly unrelated Tobit regression model is examined. A Bayesian method based on an objective noninformative prior is shown to provide proper estimates of the disturbance variance as well as other regression parameters

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1677-1690
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• 1997

Block-transform coding is one of the most popular approaches for image compression. For example, DCT is widely used in the internaltional standards standards such as MPEG-1, MPEG-2, JPEG, and H.261. In the block-based transform coding, blocking artifacts may appear along block boundaries, and they can cause severe image degradation eqpecially when the transform coefficients are coarsely quantized. In this paper, we propose a new method for blocking artifacts reduction in transform-coded images. For blocking artifacts reduction, we add a correction term, on a block basis, composed of a linear combination of 28 basis images that are orthonormal on block boundaries. We select 28 DCT kernel functions of which boundary values are linearly independent, and Gram-Schmidt process is applied to the boundary values in order to obtain 28 boundary-orthonormal basis images. A threshold of bolock discontinuity is introduced for improvement of visual quality by reducing image blurring. We also investigate the number of basis images needed for efficient blocking artifacts reduction when the compression ratio changes.