• Title/Summary/Keyword: 표준도 D/B

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Performance Analysis of the the Single Alarm Detector in the Rooms of Single Houses by Computer Simulation (시뮬레이션을 통한 주거공간 단독경보형감지기의 성능 분석)

  • Lim, Geun-Joo;Park, Sang-Cheon;Baek, Eun-Sun
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to examine the performance in the space for a single alarm type detector installed in a single house. Three types of houses were used, including two types of one-story and two-story houses. A computer simulation program was used to predict the sound pressure level in response to the occurrence of an alarm sound in a residential space. The characteristics of the sound source applied to the simulation were directly measured and used as input data. As a result of simulation, it was found that the sound pressure level in the kitchen and living room generally met the standard when the alarm sound of the detector occurred. However, the sound pressure level in the bedroom was predicted to be at least 20 dB (A) lower than the American Fire Protection Association standard of 75 dB (A). Therefore, a plan should be prepared to maintain a sufficient sound level in the bedroom space inside the house, and efforts will be needed to ensure safe evacuation in case of fire by establishing relevant standards.

A 800MHz~5.8GHz Wideband CMOS Low-Noise Amplifier (800MHz~5.8GHz 광대역 CMOS 저잡음 증폭기 설계)

  • Kim, Hye-Won;Tak, Ji-Young;Lee, Jin-Ju;Shin, Ji-Hye;Park, Sung-Min
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.48 no.12
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 2011
  • This paper presents a wideband low-noise amplifier (LNA) covering 800MHz~5.8GHz for various wireless communication standards by utilizing in a 0.13um CMOS technology. Particularly, the LNA consists of two stages to improve the low-noise characteristics, that is, a cascode input stage and an output buffer with noise cancellation technique. Also, a feedback resistor is exploited to help achieve wideband impedance matching and wide bandwidth. Measure results demonstrate the bandwidth of 811MHz~5.8GHz, the maximum gain of 11.7dB within the bandwidth, the noise figure of 2.58~5.11dB. The chip occupies the area of $0.7{\times}0.9mm^2$, including pads. DC measurements reveal the power consumption of 12mW from a single 1.2V supply.

The Study of Hierarchical Transmission Method for Additional Service of Advanced T-DMB (차세대 T-DMB 방송의 부가서비스 제공을 위한 계층적 전송방식에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Min-Hyuk;Park, Tae-Doo;Kim, Nam-Soo;Jung, Ji-Won;Lee, Seong-Ro;Choi, Myeong-Soo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.33 no.12C
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    • pp.997-1005
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    • 2008
  • In this paper, we proposed advanced T-DMB system which is based on Eureka-147 using UEP coding methods and hiererchical modulation for providing additional services while maintaining BER performance. We simulated the proposed advanced T-DMB system using unequal l6QAM modulation scheme combined with various bit split methods and coding methods such as double binary turbo code of DVB-RCS standard and LDPC code of DVB-S2 standard. In the simulation results, double binary turbo code and LDPC code of proposed advanced T-DMB system have coding gain of 2dB and 3.5dB compared to conventional T-DMB system respectively.

Performance Improvement of Space-Time OFDM System with Concatenated Codes (연접부호를 적용한 시공간 OFDM 시스템의 성능 개선)

  • 서완우;정연호
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.541-546
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    • 2004
  • Space-Time Coding(STC) is a technique that utilizes joint correlation of transmitted signals in both time and space domains. Through this approach, diversity and coding gains can be simultaneously obtained. In this paper, we use SPW simulation tool to implement the IEEE 802.11a system. Based on this system, OFDM system with STC and convolutional coder concatenated is implemented. The system performance is analyzed and compared with the performance of the IEEE 802.11a system. The simulation results show that the performance with concatenated codes at a data rate of 6Mbps shows approximately a 5dB gain over the system with the convolutional code only. At a data rate of 12Mbps, the performance with concatenated codes is further improved by approximately 6dB.

Estimation of underwater acoustic uncertainty based on the ocean experimental data measured in the East Sea and its application to predict sonar detection probability (동해 해역에서 측정된 해상실험 데이터 기반의 수중음향 불확정성 추정 및 소나 탐지확률 예측)

  • Dae Hyeok Lee;Wonjun Yang;Ji Seop Kim;Hoseok Sul;Jee Woong Choi;Su-Uk Son
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.285-292
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    • 2024
  • When calculating sonar detection probability, underwater acoustic uncertainty is assumed to be normal distributed with a standard deviation of 8 dB to 9 dB. However, due to the variability in experimental areas and ocean environmental conditions, predicting detection performance requires accounting for underwater acoustic uncertainty based on ocean experimental data. In this study, underwater acoustic uncertainty was determined using measured mid-frequency (2.3 kHz, 3 kHz) noise level and transmission loss data collected in the shallow water of the East Sea. After calculating the predictable probability of detection reflecting underwater acoustic uncertainty based on ocean experimental data, we compared it with the conventional detection probability results, as well as the predictable probability of detection results considering the uncertainty of the Rayleigh distribution and a negatively skewed distribution. As a result, we confirmed that differences in the detection area occur depending on each underwater acoustic uncertainty.

A H.264 based Selective Fine Granular Scalable Coding Scheme (H.264 기반 선택적인 미세입자 스케일러블 코딩 방법)

  • 박광훈;유원혁;김규헌
    • Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.309-318
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    • 2004
  • This paper proposes the H.264-based selective fine granular scalable (FGS) coding scheme that selectively uses the temporal prediction data in the enhancement layer. The base layer of the proposed scheme is basically coded by the H.264 (MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC) visual coding scheme that is the state-of-art in codig efficiency. The enhancement layer is basically coded by the same bitplane-based algorithm of the MPEG-4 (Part 2) fine granular scalable coding scheme. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm that uses the temproal prediction mechanism inside the enhancement layer and the effective selection mechanism to decide whether the temporally-predicted data would be sent to the decoder or not. Whenever applying the temporal prediction inside the enhancement layer, the temporal redundancies may be effectively reduced, however the drift problem would be severly occurred especially at the low bitrate transmission, due to the mismatch bewteen the encoder's and decoder's reference frame images. Proposed algorithm selectively uses the temporal-prediction data inside the enhancement layer only in case those data could siginificantly reduce the temporal redundancies, to minimize the drift error and thus to improve the overall coding efficiency. Simulation results, based on several test image sequences, show that the proposed scheme has 1∼3 dB higher coding efficiency than the H.264-based FGS coding scheme, even 3∼5 dB higher coding efficiency than the MPEG-4 FGS international standard.

Evaluation of the Usefulness of the Self-developed Kw-infrared Reflective Marker in Non-coplanar Treatment (비동일면 치료 시 자체 제작한 Kw-infrared Reflective Marker의 유용성 평가)

  • Kwon, Dong-Yeol;Ahn, Jong-Ho;Park, Young-Hwan;Song, Ki-Won
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: In radiotherapy that takes into account respiration using a RPM (Real time Position Management, Varian, USA) system, which can treat in consideration of the movement of tumor, infrared reflective markers supplied by manufacturers cannot obtain respiratory signal if the couch rotates at a certain angle or larger. In order to solve this problem, the author developed the 3D infrared reflective marker named 'Kw-marker' that can obtain respiratory signal at any angle, and evaluate its usefulness. Materials and Methods: In order to measure the stability of respiratory signal, we put the infrared reflective marker on the 3D moving phantom that can reproduce respiratory movement and acquired respiratory signal for 3 minutes under each of 3 conditions (A: $couch\;0^{\circ}$, a manufacturer's infrared reflective marker B: $couch\;0^{\circ}$, Kw-marker C: $couch\;90^{\circ}$, Kw-marker). By analyzing the respiratory signal using a breath analysis program (Labview Ver. 7.0), we obtained the peak value, valley value, standard deviation, variation value, and amplitude value. In order to examine the rotation error and moving range of the target, we placed a B.B phantom on the 3D moving phantom, and obtained images at a couch angle of $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ using OBI, and then acquired the X, Y and Z values (mm) of the ball bearing at the center of the B.B phantom. Results: According to the results of analyzing the respiratory signal, the standard deviation at the peak value was A: 0.002, B: 0.002 and C: 0.003, and the stability of respiration for amplitude was A: 0.15%, B: 0.14% and C:0.13%, showing that we could get respiratory signal stably by using the Kw-marker. When the couch rotated $couch\;90^{\circ}$, the mean rotation error of the ball bearing, namely, the target was X: -1.25 mm, Y: -0.45 mm and Z: +0.1 mm, which were within 1.3 mm on the average in all directions, and the difference in the moving range of the target was within 0.3 mm. Conclusion: When we obtained respiratory signal using the Kw-marker in non-coplanar treatment where the couch rotated, we could acquire respiratory signal stably and the Kw-marker was effective enough to substitute for the manufacturer's infrared reflective marker. When the rotation error and moving range of the target were measured, there was little difference, indicating that the displacement of the reflector movement in couch rotation is the cause of change in the scale and amplitude of respiratory signal. If the converted value of amplitude height according to couch angle is studied further and applied, it may be possible to perform non-coplanar phase-based gating treatment.

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Effective Image Watermarking Scheme Using Direct Matrix-Spectrum Method (직접행렬 대역확산 방식을 이용하는 효과적인 이미지 워터마킹 기법)

  • Park, Young;Lee, Joo-Shin
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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    • v.8B no.3
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    • pp.305-310
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    • 2001
  • 본 논문에서는 직접행렬 대역확산 방식을 사용하여 Hadamard-Walsh 행렬을 워터마크 영상에 첨가한 후, 주파수 영역에서 원 영상에 삽입하고 복원하는 새로운 이미지 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 워터마크 영상은 시각적으로 인식 가능한 패턴(마크, 로고, 심볼, 인장 또는 서명)을 사용한다. 워터마크가 삽입된 영상의 화질저하를 추정하기 위해 PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)을 계산하고, 복원된 워터마크의 복원률(reconstructive rate)을 구하여 외부공격에 대한 워터마크의 강인성을 확인한다. 표준영상에 적용해 본 결과, 워터마크가 삽입된 영상의 PSNR은 93.2dB로 우수한 화질을 얻을 수 있었으며 JPEG 손실 압축에서는 78.1% 이상의 워터마크 복원률을 얻을 수 있었고 영상변형 및 임펄스 잡음하에서도 효과적인 워터마크 복원 능력을 보였다.

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An Analysis of Security Threat and Network Attack in IPv6 (IPv6 환경의 보안 위협 및 공격 분석)

  • Jung, B.H.;Lim, J.D.;Kim, Y.H.;Kim, K.Y.
    • Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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    • v.22 no.1 s.103
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    • pp.37-50
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    • 2007
  • 차세대 인터넷 표준인 IPv6가 제정되고 보급되기 시작하면서 IPv6에서의 보안이 중요한 이슈로 등장하고 있다. IPv6는 기존의 IPv4와 달리 IPsec을 기본적으로 지원하여 보안성이 강화될 것으로 예상하고 있으나 IPv6 환경으로의 전환, IPv6 프로토콜 스펙의 변경 등의 요인으로 인하여 보안에 대한 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 본 고에서는 IPv6환경의 보안위협 및 공격들을 분석하고 침입탐지/차단 기술의 관점에서 이러한 보안문제를 해결하기 위한 방법을 기술한다.