• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

As the security system using facial recognition, the recognition performance depends on the environments (e. g. face expression, hair style, age and make-up etc.) For the revision of easily changeable environment, it's generally used to set up the threshold, replace the face image which covers the threshold into images already registered, and update the face images additionally. However, this usage has the weakness of inaccuracy matching results or can easily active by analogous face images. So, we propose the genetic algorithm which absorbs greatly the facial similarity degree and the recognition target variety, and has excellence studying capacity to avoid registering inaccuracy. We experimented variable and similar face images (each 30 face images per one, total 300 images) and performed inherent face images based on ingredient analysis as face recognition technique. The proposed method resulted in not only the recognition improvement of a dominant gene but also decreasing the reaction rate to a recessive gene.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.5
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• pp.355-362
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• 2010

Face tracking is to estimate the motion of a non-rigid face together with a rigid head in 3D, and plays important roles in higher levels such as face/facial expression/emotion recognition. In this paper, we propose an AAM-based face tracking algorithm. AAM has been widely used to segment and track deformable objects, but there are still many difficulties. Particularly, it often tends to diverge or converge into local minima when a target object is self-occluded, partially or completely occluded. To address this problem, we utilize the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). SIFT is an effective method for self and partial occlusion because it is able to find correspondence between feature points under partial loss. And it enables an AAM to continue to track without re-initialization in complete occlusions thanks to the good performance of global matching. We also register and use the SIFT features extracted from multi-view face images during tracking to effectively track a face across large pose changes. Our proposed algorithm is validated by comparing other algorithms under the above 3 kinds of occlusions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4065-4072
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of topical EMLA Cream on venipuncture related pain and anxiety of surgery patient from oct. 27 to nov, 13, 2011, EMLA Cream was applied to the experimental group(n=40) 1hour before the procedure, but was not applied to the control group (n=37). The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 15.0 program. The percentage, mean and standard deviation were figured statistic, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation analysis were performed. Consequently, Pain in the EMLA applied experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. also state anxiety in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. correlation of pain and anxiety after EMLA was related. EMLA cream was considered to be an effective local anesthetic for preoperative venipuncture on pain and anxiety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 1997

The size and shape of the human body has been an important factor not only in anthropology but in integration of designs aimed for daily use. Although the three-dimensional measurements have been proposed and obtained introducing new methods, there still remains many problems concerning how to analyze and evaluate the results. In this study, we have got the internal and external orientation factors, image coordinates from the ac-quired photographs, have calaulated the object coordinates through Bundle Adjustment, have matched multi-images. have drawn the object in the computer, and smoothly handled the surface of the body model using the Au-to-CAD system or graphic processing utility then we could generate the digital model of human body. The. results show that once digital modeling of the body is generated. the information which a designer needs can be acquired and the adequate calculations for many application fields can be done easily and many geometrical properties could be extracted. Therefore we propose the possibility of indirect human body measurement through digital model generation.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.57-67
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• 2003

The recent rapid development of multimedia and optical technologies brings great attention to application systems to process facial Image features. The previous research efforts in facial image processing have been mainly focused on the recognition of human face and facial expression analysis, using front face images. Not much research has been carried out Into image-based detection of face direction. Moreover, the existing approaches to detect face direction, which normally use the sequential Images captured by a single camera, have limitations that the frontal image must be given first before any other images. In this paper, we propose a method to detect face direction by using facial features such as facial trapezoid which is defined by two eyes and the lower lip. Specifically, the proposed method forms a facial direction formula, which is defined with statistical data about the ratio of the right and left area in the facial trapezoid, to identify whether the face is directed toward the right or the left. The proposed method can be effectively used for automatic photo arrangement systems that will often need to set the different left or right margin of a photo according to the face direction of a person in the photo.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.63-71
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• 2007

From several commercialized games the technique of changing facial expressions is imported, and a design method of a game character for the player's empathy is expected to be diversified in the future. In this paper, as a design method of a game character for the player's empathy, this makes walking motion for the game character applied with 'human-emotion' factors as statistics variation of a game character in RPG genre. After this paper implements analyzed emotions of human facial expression and walking motions applied with emotion in examples of character animation theory, this paper divides walking motion applied with human-emotion factors into 8 types through relationship to statistics factors in RPG genre. And then these are applied to a knight character, which has the most similarity with human's physical feature of the game characters in RPG genre, and makes walking motion as variable statistics. As a game player controls the game character applied with 'human-emotion' factors, the effect of the player's empathy about the game character becomes higher, and the level of immersion in game play is also expected to increase.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.16
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• pp.49-65
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• 2009

I try to extract typological factors from the historically relevant works of animation, for that we can refer 'style.' creator's individuality, general tendencies and restraints of his time, the national properties work on them. It is the individual aspect that excels in the works of Jiri Trnka, Tim Burton, Yuri Norstein, so they stand out not only in their own specific sensibility, vision but also in the elucidation of themes and the technology of dealing medium. On the other hand the Walt Disney's animation has so distinctive characteristics that we could identify them. Disney's so-called classical model accomplished a typically American animation form as full of expressive visual language, over reaction, full animation describing detail action. We could tell, Miyajaki Hayao's Gibri Studio represents Japanese animation, which works on traditional motives of Japan and expresses unique humanity.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.667-674
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• 2007

Facial expressions provide significant clues about one's emotional state; however, it always has been a great challenge for machine to recognize facial expressions effectively and reliably. In this paper, we report a method of feature-based adaptive motion energy analysis for recognizing facial expression. Our method optimizes the information gain heuristics of ID3 tree and introduces new approaches on (1) facial feature representation, (2) facial feature extraction, and (3) facial feature classification. We use minimal reasonable facial features, suggested by the information gain heuristics of ID3 tree, to represent the geometric face model. For the feature extraction, our method proceeds as follows. Features are first detected and then carefully "selected." Feature "selection" is finding the features with high variability for differentiating features with high variability from the ones with low variability, to effectively estimate the feature's motion pattern. For each facial feature, motion analysis is performed adaptively. That is, each facial feature's motion pattern (from the neutral face to the expressed face) is estimated based on its variability. After the feature extraction is done, the facial expression is classified using the ID3 tree (which is built from the 1728 possible facial expressions) and the test images from the JAFFE database. The proposed method excels and overcomes the problems aroused by previous methods. First of all, it is simple but effective. Our method effectively and reliably estimates the expressive facial features by differentiating features with high variability from the ones with low variability. Second, it is fast by avoiding complicated or time-consuming computations. Rather, it exploits few selected expressive features' motion energy values (acquired from intensity-based threshold). Lastly, our method gives reliable recognition rates with overall recognition rate of 77%. The effectiveness of the proposed method will be demonstrated from the experimental results.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.3_1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

Human have more complicate and skilled ability for lying even cheat ourself. It is not easy to cheat unconscious things like sweat, eyes, or voice, but if some one cheat own self, he can cheat every of that. Lie is one of the way to spread our gene and our instinct make a lie. Every living organism even bacteria or virus use similar trick to survive. In human body, there are more complicate and profound mechanism for lying like breathe, sweat, eyes, face or voice. We can control some of that and make a fake, but it can't be perfect. Human also called 'Homo Fallax' cause we have a language and skill to lie with it. In present, we can detect lie with polygraph, but it has few weakness. So we try to use Vibraimage technology for resolve it. In this paper, we describe how to use Vibraimage for lie detection and the research history.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.155-164
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• 2004

Recently, we have remarkable developments in intelligent robot systems. The remarkable features of intelligent robot are that it can track user and is able to doface recognition, which is vital for many surveillance-based systems. The advantage of face recognition compared with other biometrics recognition is that coerciveness and contact that usually exist when we acquire characteristics do not exist in face recognition. However, the accuracy of face recognition is lower than other biometric recognition due to the decreasing in dimension from image acquisition step and various changes associated with face pose and background. There are many factors that deteriorate performance of face recognition such as thedistance from camera to the face, changes in lighting, pose change, and change of facial expression. In this paper, we implement a new sliding active camera system to prevent various pose variation that influence face recognition performance andacquired frontal face images using PCA and HMM method to improve the face recognition. This proposed face recognition algorithm can be used for intelligent surveillance system and mobile robot system.