• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.191-200
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• 2006

A design representation is reflected in the typicality of branch representation as a syntagm in combination with design factors. And the design factors form up paradigm as an attributive category which is reflected object and value of branch representations, and they are consisted of selection and combination in representative process. Selection and combination of the design attributive category also reflect the representation consciousness of operating in representative process, and they imply a cognizance about object and value of the representation. Therefore, branch representation appears an attributive structure which is required of a given field by means of the representative object and value. This is made up of the divided differentiation according to a combined mode. This study is to investigate the fact verification between typicality of attributive structure and each divided differentiation to measure consideration degree of attributive category which is consisted in the design representation. The attributive structure of representation which is affected the industrial design, the visual communication design, and the environmental design fields identifies to take the typical differentiation by means of evaluations and results of this study.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to explore the implicit representation of gender-stereotype using primed naming task for prime-target pairs. In Experiment 1, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 250ms and were asked to pronounce person's names which differed in typicality and preference of gender's attributes. The results showed that gender congruent effects was not found, but typicality effects and interactions were found. In Experiment 2, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 250ms and were asked to pronounce gender's attributes which differed in typicality of gender's attributes. The results showed that woman's attributes superiority effects were found, but typicality effects were not. These results were discussed from a point of view of graded representation of gender stereotype and asymmetrical processing of gender stereotype to priming conditions in the implicit level.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.363-370
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to classify scientific models in the seventh grade science textbooks of the 2007 revised science curriculum. The three chapters of 'three states of material', 'motion of molecule', and 'change of state and energy' were investigated. There were two types of the scientific model as 'mode of representation' and 'attribute of representation'. The mode of representation was composed of 'action model', 'analogical model', 'symbolic model', and 'theoretical model' and the attribute of representation was composed of 'static model' and 'dynamic model'. The results showed that the action model and the analogical model were used primarily in mode of representation. The dynamic model were widely used in attribute of representation. Area of matters dealt with conception of molecules and aimed for students to understand the arrangement and movement of molecule microscopically about macroscopic state in a daily life. Tis study could help to recognize the limitations of scientific models on current textbooks and offer more useful information in planning lessons and organizing textbooks for the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.92-98
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• 2002

복잡한 기능이나 개념을 제한된 공간에 효과적으로 표현하는데 아이콘이 널리 이용된다. 이러한 아이콘 개발이 디자이너의 미적인 기준이나, 시스템에서 일률적으로 사용에 의해 결정되는 경향이 있다. 본 연구는 동일한 정보를 포함하는 아이콘이나 레이블같이 서로 다른 표상들이 그 표상 방식의 유용성 측면에서 다른 결과를 보일 수 있으며, 기능의 표상 방식이 다르면, 아이콘이나 레이블에 대한 이해가 서로 다른 인지 처리 체계를 거친다는 기본 가정에 근거를 두고 진행되었다. 구체적으로는 아이콘을 기존에 형성된 표상 방식들 가운데서 인지적 특성을 고려한 표상들로 분류한 기준을 이용하여, 실제 컴퓨터 사용자 환경에서 통용되고 있는 아이콘들을 수집, 분류하고, 각각의 표상 방식에 따른 아이콘의 유용성을 알아보고자 각 아이콘에 대응되는 레이블과의 수행을 비교하였다. 결과에 따르면, 새로운 기능을 익혀야하는 초기에는 아이콘보다 레이블과 같은 텍스트가 더욱 효과적이지만, 익숙해진 후 그 수행이 비슷해짐을 확인했다. 그러나 임의적 표상방식으로 디자인된 아이콘은 레이블보다 더 부정확하고 느린 수행을 지속적으로 나타냈고, 기능의 세 가지 표상방식에 따라서 아이콘에 대한 수행이 서로 다른 패턴을 보였다. 이는 아이콘과 같은 컴퓨터 사용자 인터페이스의 설계와 사용 단계에서, 표현하고자 하는 기능과 사용자의 인지적 속성인 표상 방식을 충분히 고려해야 한다는 것을 보여준다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.12 no.1_2
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• pp.43-54
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• 2001

This study was conducted to explore the implicit structure of gender-stereotype which is one of the social categories. Social categories were considered to have the more evaluative properties and unclear hierarchical representations compared to the objects or the action categories. In this series of experiments. we want to examine the generalizability of the congruent effect into gender-stereotype using a priming paradigm and introducing the various SOA (stimulus onset asynchrony. SOA 250ms to 1000ms). The results of Experiment 1 and 3 (SOA 250-500ms) showed that the priming effects of female-female condition was larger than the other conditions. However. Experiment 2 (SOA 1000ms) showed that the priming effects among the conditions disappeared. We found the female-congruent effects only in a short SOA. These results suggest the possibility that the gender-stereotype in the automatic and implicit processing level can be represented b by the cross-categorical structure in some cultural area.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 1997

Icon is a small graphic which represents a particular function in computer interface. Comprehension and learning of icons are needed for using them because they represent some meanings. This study was conducted to examine which were more important factors in using icons. First, representational characteristics of icons were examined. Second, using a eyetracker, the way of coding of redundant display was examined which removed obscurity of display and gave more meaning to a user. Icons using attribute of object and direct discription of action were more efficient than icons of other representational form in comprehension. Redundant display was proved to have some advantages, especially when the icons had low familarity. Visual information processing of icons were discussed according to familarity and learning.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.55-73
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• 2021

Psychological essentialism states that people believe some categories to have hidden and defining essential features which cause other features of the category (Gelman, 2003; Hirschfeld, 1996; Medin & Ortony, 1989). Essentialist belief on categories questions the Roschian argument (Rosch, 1973, 1978) that categories merely consist of clusters of correlated features. Unlike family resemblance categories, essentialized categories are likely to have clear between-category boundaries and high within-category coherence (Gelman, 2003; Prentice & Miller, 2007). Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of essentialist belief on category representation (i.e., between-category boundary, within-category coherence). Participants learned family resemblance and essentialized categories in their assigned conditions and then performed categorization task (Expt. 1) and frequency estimation task of category exemplars (Expt. 2). The results showed, in essentialized categories, both boundary intensification and greater category coherence. Theses results are likely to have arisen due to increased cue and category validity in essentialized categories and suggest that essentialist belief influences macroscopic representation of category structure.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.57-62
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• 2005

한국어 명사 어절의 시간 경과에 따른 처리 양상을 확인해 보기 위하여 점화어절판단과제(primed eojeol decision task)를 이용한 실험을 실시하였다. 점화어 제시 방식은 차폐점화, SOA 100ms, SOA 300ms 조건으로 하였으며, 점화어-표적어의 관계는 어절일치, 어간일치, 통제조건으로 조작하였다. 그 결과 어절일치조건과 어간일치조건에서 촉진효과가 있었으며, SOA가 증가함에 따라 어절일치조건과 어간일치조건에서의 촉진효과도 함께 증가하는 양상을 확인하였다. 점화어의 제시 방식과 점화어-표적어의 관계간의 상호작용도 유의미하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 심성어휘집에서의 어절 표상의 실재성과 어절 속성과 어간 속성이 어절 처리 과정에 관여하는 방식에 관하여 논의하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.423-436
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• 2009

This study aims to develop an analytic framework that can be used to classify scientific models in science textbooks according to modes and attributes of representation and to investigate types of scientific models presented in the biology section of science textbooks for the $7^{th}$ to $10^{th}$ grades. The results showed that modes of representation of scientific models are related to the nature of sub-areas of biology sections. Generally, the iconic model and symbolic model were in dominant use, including drawings of organs and explanations of working of systems. However, the chapters on 'The Organization of Life' and 'The Continuity of Life' showed a relatively high frequency in use of the actual model. The theoretical model was presented in a part of 'The Continuity of Life', due to its highly abstract characteristics. Moreover, the gestural model and analogical model showed very low frequency. From the perspective of attributes of representation, frequency of the static model was very high, while one of the dynamic models was very low. Therefore, efforts to recognize the properties of scientific concepts more clearly and to develop diverse types of models that can represent the concepts adequately are required. Analysis of these types of scientific models can offer recognition of the usefulness and limitations of models in representing the concepts or phenomena, and can help us to design adequate models depicting particular properties of given concepts. Also, this type of analysis may motivate researchers to strive to reveal correct methods for and limits of using the scientific models that are presented in existing science textbooks, as well as to provide useful information to organize the science textbooks according to the revised $7^{th}$ national science curriculum.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2001.10d
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• pp.341-347
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• 2001

세종전자사전이 궁극적으로 범용전자사전을 지향한다는 점에 비추어 볼 때, 텍스트 자동 분석과 생성, 정보 검색 및 자동 번역 등에 활용될 데이터베이스로서의 전자사전은 자연 언어 어휘의 내적 구조와 기능방식에 관한 정보들, 가령 음운 통사 의미 화용적 가치와 실현 조건 등에 관한 정보들을 체계적이고도 정교하게 담고 있어야만 한다. 의존명사, 대명사, 수사 범주에 속하는 언어 단위들은 단일 명사와 구별되는 어휘 통사적 속성들을 지니며, 사전의 기술 구조에는 그 정보 값들을 체계적으로 명시화할 수 있는 정보 항목과 표상 구조가 설정되어야 한다. 가령 의존명사처럼 통사 의미적 자율성을 지니지 않는 언어 요소의 경우, 어휘 관계 정보보다는 인접하는 여타 언어 단위들과의 호응관계나 결합제약 조건들이 더 중요한 정보일 수 있다. 본 사전이 체언사전의 하위사전으로 별도로 구축되는 것은 단일어 사전에서 그러한 정보들을 효과적으로 표상하기 어렵기 때문이다. 그러나 본 사전은 실제적으로는 체언사전에 통합되어 운영된다는 점에서 이중적 지위를 누린다고 하겠다.