• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2006

High performance concrete(HPC) has been widely used in high-rise building. The HPC has several benefits including high strength, high fluidity and high durability. However, spalling is susceptible to occur in HPC and HPC also tends to be deteriorated in the side of fire resistance performance at fire. This paper investigated the spalling prevention of high performance RC column. Control concrete showed severe failure and a case of concrete with fire enduring spraying material exhibited more severe spalling failure than even control concrete. In addition, concrete with fire enduring paint reported the most favorable spalling resistance effect for preventing spall, compared with other concrete covered with finishing materials, such as fire enduring spraying material, gypsum board, marble board and fire enduring PC board. Meanwhile, concrete adding 0.1% of PP fiber demonstrated spalling resistance performance after 3hours load bearing test.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.1 s.91
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• pp.83-90
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• 2006

This paper investigates experimentally the fire resistance performance and spatting resistance of high performance reinforced concrete column member subjected to fire containing polypropylene fiber(PP fiber) and cellulose fiber(CL fiber). An increase in PP fiber and CL fiber contents, respectively resulted in a reduction of fluidity due to fiber ball effect. Air content is constant with m increase in fiber content. Compressive strength reached beyond 50 MPa. Based on fire resistance test, severe failure occurred with control concrete specimen, which caused exposure of reinforcing bar. No spall occurred with specimen containing PP fiber. This is due to the discharge of internal vapour pressure. Use of CL fiber superior to control concrete in the side of spatting resistance, localized failure at comer of specimen was observed. Corner of specimen had deeper neutralization than surface of specimen. Specimen containing PP fiber had the least damaged area due to spatting. Neutralization depth ranged between 6 and 8 mm Residual compressive strength of specimen containing PP fiber maintained 40%, which is larger than control concrete with 20% of residual strength. Specimen containing CL fiber had 25% or residual strength.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present data for the reusing, rehabilitation and estimation of safety of RC structure damaged by fire, and for the prevention of explosive spatting by investigation the properties of explosive spalling, compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity according to kinds of fine aggregate, admixture and water-cement ratios. In explosive spalling properties with kinds of aggregate, explosive spalling does not appear or little at surface in the case of used sea sand, but the case of using recycled sand or crushed sand is worse and worse. Property with the kind of admixture does not appear specially. And high strength concrete with W/C 30.5% was taken spalling, but 55% does not appear. It is found that residual compressive strength after exposed at high temperature showed 45％ in W/C 55%, and 64％ in W/C 30.5％ of its original strength averagely. Ultrasonic pulse velocity is different with kinds of aggregate. W/C. and heating time. When 3 month age after heating ultrasonic pulse velocity is recovered abut 1.3％～8.4％ of its 1 month age after heating.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.62
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• pp.80-86
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• 2006

This study focuses on spalling phenomenon which is the one of the main issues of high strength concrete. The definition, classification and characterization, causes and the reaction mechanism of the spalling were investigated on the basis of previous literatures. The spalling phenomenon occurs when several factors such as sharp temperature increase, high water content, low water/cement ratio and local stress concentration in material combine in the concrete material. On the basis o f the factors, the preventing methods from the spalling are known as decrease of temperature increase, preventing of concrete fragmentation and fast drying of internal moisture. In this study, the controlling method of water content below some critical value was proposed as the most effective spalling-preventing method among the spalling-preventing methods. The spalling phenomenon can be prevented by adjusting the water content in the high strength concrete. Therefore, an enforced drying method is needed to decrease the water content below a critical value. Additional experimental data should be generated to determine the critical value of water content for preventing the spalling.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2002

Recently, the application of high strength and high performance concrete has been gradually increased as an important construction material for high rise and huge scaled construction. However, high performance concrete has undesirable characteristics of spalling subjected to high temperature due to its dense microstructure content. A spalling by fire brings surface failure and falling off concrete member. It is considered that spalling by fire should be taken into account for the safety of the concrete structure under fire. Therefore, in this paper, tests are carried out using high performance concrete containing polypropylene(PP) fiber in order to improve the fire resistance performance. PP fiber contents and member sizes are varied. According to experimental results, as for the influence of PP fiber contents, all the test specimens without PP fiber show entire failure in W/C of 35％, while they show nearly sound shape except some kinds of surface fracture in W/C of 55％. When PP fiber is contained more than 0.07％, favorable prevention effects of spatting by fire are obtained. As for the effects of test specimens size, it tends to increase the possibilities of spatting by fire as test specimens become larger. And spatting by fire at the edge of test specimens occurs more frequently than at the surface of test specimens. Residual compressive and tensile strength shows 45∼65 ％ of its original strength at W/C of 35％, and 30∼40％ at W/C of 55 ％.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.323-333
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• 2005

Recently the fire is happening at the tunnel and underground - structure internationally. We are socially the economy the actual circumstances which serious loss is happening due to an fire occurrence when fire happened which is closed like tunnel and underground - structure, the collapse from the burglar degradation of strength of tunnel concrete lining and human life damage happen. It causes big problem while the long time disconnects a traffic network. While the fire happened in this research at the tunnel, the paper construct a basis data to deduce the specification regulation about stability of tunnel concrete lining. In this paper, the experiment was carried out for the prevention of explosive spalling of tunnel to use a reinforced Polypropylene concrete which mixes a Polypropylene which are known for the thing by being efficient at a protect of explosive spalling of the concrete. According to the firproof test result of reinforced Polypropylene admixture mortar, Polypropylene admixture of prevention of explosive spalling analyzed 0.2%-0.25%.

• Cement
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• s.165
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.1 s.84
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• pp.54-59
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• 2005

• Cement
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• s.174
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• pp.49-59
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• 2007

• 레미콘
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• no.1 s.62
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• pp.13-26
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• 2000