• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2015

With 86 isolates of Botrytis cinerea obtained from diseased fruits of tomato, strawberry and cucumber, it was conducted to detect the fungicide resistance of B. cinerea against mepanipyrim through an agar dilution method. FGA medium was used for monitoring the resistance. Among 86 isolates of B. cinerea, resistant isolates were composed by 23.3%, which was different according to regions isolating the pathogen. In accordance with isolation region, the isolation frequency of resistant isolates was as follows; that of Gyeonggi, Gyeongnam/Pusan and chungnam was 28.6%, 33.3% and 12.8%, respectively. The resistant isolates of B. cinerea showed the cross resistance between mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil. Also the pathogenicity of B. cinerea resistant to mepanipyrim was high as like that of sensitive isolates. Because of them, it should be necessary to manage the spraying system of mepanipyrim and the monitoring for the fungicide resistance.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the resistance of Botrytis cinerea to azoxystrobin, which belongs to strobilurin fungicides. The sensitivity of B. cinerea isolates, which were collected from infected pepper, strawberry, cucumber and tomato by a single spore isolation, to the fungicide was tested through a agar dilution method on PDA amended with fungicides and $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). All isolates of B. cinerea tested in this study were classified as a sensitive and a resistant group by $1.0{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of $EC_{50}$ value to azoxystrobin. While the sensitive isolates accounted for 46.5% of B. cinerea population, the resistant ones did for 53.5%. According to the regions isolating B. cinerea, the highest isolation frequency was showed as 81.1% in Chungnam among the all. Among 4 host plants as pepper, strawberry, cucumber and tomato, the highest isolation frequency was obtained in strawberry, while the lowest was done in pepper. The isolate resistant to azoxystrobin showed the cross resistance to other fungicides included into strobilurins as kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin. In spite of an excellent efficacy of strobilurins, it should be taken care to use them in the field, because of the high risk in the fields.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2012

The main purpose of this research is to propose advanced bridge-decks surfacing from the examples of In-Cheon bridge with Guss asphalt and Gyul-Hyeon bridge with stone matrix asphalt(SMA) concrete. The research results presented that the Guss asphalt concrete pavement was weak when rutting was developed due to the low resistance at high temperatures. The SMA concrete pavement demonstrated good resistance to plastic deformations and was easy to maintain pavement conditions. The results mentioned above are generalized in developed counties where surfacing pavement techniques for steel bridge-decks are advanced. However, due to the lack of construction experiences in Korea, appropriate construction guidelines and organized research for the steel bridge deck pavements are necessary for more advanced steel bridge decks surfacing.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.260-264
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• 2008

For the resistance test for Phytophthora blight of $T_1$ and $T_2$ transformants in pepper, Phytophthora blight fungus was inoculated to seedlings of the $T_1$ and $T_2$ transformants by concentration (density: zoospore $10^3/ml$). Occurrence rate of blight at 5days after inoculation was 4.0 % in T1-1 line and 10.0% in $T_1-2$ line, and its rate for 12 days after inoculation was 52.0% in $T_1-1$ line, 64.0% in $T_1-2$ line, respectively. Therefore, the lower occurrence rate to blight was enable to select resistant transformants in the some inoculation density (zoospore $10^3/ml$), meanwhile 'Kumtap' and 'Subicho' were 100% in highest occurrence rate to blight. For field test, in which blight was commonly occurred, of the Youngyang Pepper Experiment Station, the acquired transformant resisting to blight was similar to characteristics of domestic varieties, 'Subic ho' for fruit shape, but there are some differences in growth, days to flowering, fruit characteristics. Occurrence of blight in $T_2-1-6$, and $T_2-4-9$ lines was smaller approxmately 30% than commercial varieties, 'Kumtap', although occurrence of blight in field was showed higher difference among tested lines. In this study, we concluded that the transformants showing blight resistance selected from habitual field could be fixed at every generation, and the developed transformation system was also considered to develop transformants in pepper.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.211-218
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• 2010

Volume of concrete slab changes by temperature and moisture effects. At that time, tensile stress develops because the slab volume change is restrained by friction resistance between the slab and subbase, and then crack occurs occasionally. Accordingly, researchers have made efforts to figure out the friction characteristics between the slab and subbase by performing push-off tests. Lately, researches to analyze concrete pavement behavior by the friction characteristics have been performed by finite element method. In this study, The friction characteristics between the slab and subbase were investigated based on the friction test results for lean concrete, aggregate, and asphalt subase widely used in Korean concrete pavements. The energy method bilinearizing relation between nonlinear friction resistance and displacement were suggested. The friction test was modeled by 3-D finite element program, ABAQUS, and the model was verified by comparing the analyzed results to the test results. The bilinear model developed by the energy method was validated by comparing analysis results obtained by using the nonlinear and bilinear friction resistance displacement relation as input data. A typical Korean concrete pavement was modeled by ABAQUS and EverFE and analyzed results were compared to evaluate applicability of the bilinear model.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 1997

Mixture study of bifenthrin and prothiofos was conducted to control insecticide resistant diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, which had shown 581, 18, 19, 11 fold resistance to fenvalerate, cypermethrin, furathiocarb, and prothiofos in Chinju strain, respectively and 38 and 9 fold resistance to fenvalerate and furathiocarb in Seosang strain, respectively. Optimal mixture ratios of bifenthrin and prothiofos was selected against Seosang strain of DBM by leaf dipping method in laboratory and by field test. Maximum co-toxicity coefficient by dipping method was shown at a ratio of 1:50 mixture of bifenthrin 1EC and prothiofos 50EC in active ingredient(a.i.) by 243.2 and then suddenly decreased. The mixed formulation from the dipping test was examined at the cabbage field of Seosang, Hamyang. Although insecticides were reduced to half, control efficacy was similar to farmer's conventional method. In addition, the mixture combination was also more effective against Chinju DBM population which had very high level of resistance to several representative insecticides. Mixture methods of insecticides will be effective countermeasures to the resistance problem of pests.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.4 no.1 s.11
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• pp.161-170
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• 2002

This study is a fundamental research for recycling waste polyethylene film(WPF) in asphalt concrete for roadway pavement. The objective of this study is to develop technology of making waste polyethylene asphalt mixture and evaluate properties of the asphalt concrete containing WPF. Asphalt concrete for surface course of pavement was produced through an appropriate mix-design using dense-graded and gap-graded aggregates. Marshall mix design, indirect tensile strength test, wheel tracking test and tensile fatigue test were performed. Test result showed that some WPF asphalt mixtures had a high tensile property and good resistances against rutting and fatigue cracking, compared with normal asphalt mixture.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

This paper presents the performance evaluation of asphalt pavement reinforced with fiber sheet type of geosynthetics and observations conducted to evaluate the practical efficiencies and performance of overlay asphalt pavement reinforced with geosynthetics. In this study, performance evaluation were performed for the six section of construction site. The performance indcators of asphalt pavement reinforced with geosynthetics has been collected Automatic Road Analyzer (ARAN), Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and have been analyzed for rutting, cracking ratio, falling weight and international roughness index. As a result of performance evaluations, geosynthetics reinforced asphalt pavement is sigficant effect on increasing a cracking resistance than the non-reinfroced asphalt pavement, also rutting and crak is slowly increase as incerasingly performance period.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the herbicidal activity against Scirpus planiculmis (SCPPL) which has been reported as resistant biotype on sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides at the west coast reclaimed area first and proliferated continuously at Hwasung and Pyeongtaek in Gyeonggi province, and some Chungnam province. In order to investigate resistance breakability against SCPPL, new rice herbicides containing tefuryltrione [p-hydrophenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor], pyrimisulfan and triafamone[actolactate synthethase (ALS) inhibitor] were tested. In both lab and field experiments, tefuryltrione GR, 4-HPPD inhibitor showed growth retardation with a bleaching on the young leaves of SCPPL at early time after treatment. However, it restored and regerminated with insufficient control effect. On the other hand, pyrimisulfan+mefenacet SC, triafamone+tefuryltrione GR, and ALS inhibitor showed excellent control effect on SU-resistant SCPPL with growth retardation and necrosis. In particular, pyrimisulfan+mefenacet SC showed excellent controlling effect on SU-resistant SCPPL in regional field experiments.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2004

To analyze the relationship between CGMMV occurrence and seed contamination by cucumber cultivars, cucumber cultivars of CGMMV infected field and diseased degree were investigated in cucumber main cultivation regions of Jeonnam province from 1999 to 2002. While the diseased degree was different by years and cultivars, CGMMV occurred for 4 years in 'Janghyeongnakhap', for 3 years in 'Jangjukcheongjang', and for 2 years in 'Gyeoulsali' and 'Gyeoulnagi'. CGMMV was detected in seeds of 'Janghyeongnakhap' and 'Jangjukcheongjang' by ELISA test, and seed of 'Jangjukcheongjang' showed positive reaction in bioassay. As a result of resistant test of 34 cultivars to CGMMV, all cultivars showed mosaic symptoms in pot test but only 'Hanboksamcheok' showed mild mosaic symptom in field test.