• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.414-419
• /
• 2016

The aims of this study were to investigate microbial contamination levels and to survey sanitation management between Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and non-GAP farms of lettuce and cucumber. The samples (lettuce, cucumber, soil, agricultural water, gloves, and packing plastic bag) were tested to analyze sanitary indicator bacteria (total aerobic bacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli) and major pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus). In the lettuce farms, the contamination levels of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms in GAP farms were little lower than non-GAP farms or similar. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in soil and agricultural water of GAP farms were detected at higher levels than non-GAP farms in soil and agricultural water. In the case of cucumber farms, levels of total bacteria and Bacillus cereus in soil and total bacteria and coliform in gloves of GAP farms were higher than those of non-GAP farms, and other bacteria contamination levels in collected samples were similar. These results indicate that agricultural products produced from GAP farm still exhibited potential microbial risks. According to the field survey, a sanitation management in GAP farms was insufficient. These results could be useful as basic data to suggestion of plan for preventing microbial contamination and to improvement of GAP certification.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.258-276
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to justify the "prescribed shelf life" currently used in Samsung Medical Center and give recommendations based on scientific data to adopt for safe and cost-effective storage times for sterile goods Since the early 1970's, predetermined expiration dating policy has been used in Korea on all in-house sterilized products like any other countries; six months for the supplies wrapped in polyethylene peel pouches and two weeks for the rest. Recently, however, the studies suggest that current standards for preserving the sterility can be changing. It looks like we unnecessarily have too-short expiration date of sterilized supplies, that is far from being cost effective. Certainly, this research is an exciting project, especially in Korea, and will be leading and contributing to the paradigm shift of the conservative concept of shelf life for sterile supplies in Korean healthcare facilities. The major goal of this study was placed on the measurement of the recontamination time in packs wrapped in all kinds of wrapping materials used in S.M.C and stored in various conditions for periods ranging from three months to six months, and then develop a practical standard of "shelf life" based on the analyzed data. Objectives: To measure and compare the recontamination time of sterile packs among wrapppers and storage conditions, and develop a practical standard for the shelf life and storage conditions of sterile products. Samples and Method: The sterile integrity was investigated of the total 1,440 sterile sample packs containing gauze strip($1.5cm{\times}0.5cm$) we prepared and wrapped in nine wrapping materials (randomized reprocessed linens, linens reprocessed 99 times, linens reprocessed 120 times, new kraft paper, used kraft paper, new nonwoven fabrics, 6-time reprocessed nonwoven fabrics, new polyethylene peel pouches, used polyethylene peel pouches), and stored in four locations(closed cabinet of one of the typical wards, open shelf of one of ICUs, open shelf of separate storage room in ER, open shelf in OR), for three to six months, respectively in 1998. Each type of packs were opened weekly and the gauze strips inoculated into Brewer's thioglycollate broth at $35^{\circ}C$ for seven days. Results: There was no growth found for any types of the pack and storage conditions studied. Discussion: This study was conducted in an attempt to identify the possibility of extending the current shelf life for sterile goods we use in a sense of cost effectiveness. The findings suggest that we could extend our expiration dates, that means we can save a lot of materials and personnel time meeded for resterilizing, outdating, recleaning, wrapping, and reshelving. Then it will initiate a great reform in the field of healthcare in Korea, and now we are looking forward to this valuable revolution. We are going to continue this study and take all steps need to apply this new concept to our practice, and then trying to extend to other hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 1998

The experiment was carried out to investigate weed occurrence in peony field. The number of weeds was Compositate 9 species, Gramineae 4 species, Craciferae 3 species, Eugarviaceae, Polygonaceae and Scrophularilaceae 2 species, respectively. Weeds classified by life cycle were annual weed 19 species (57.6%), biennial weed 8 species (24.2%), and perennial weed 6 species (18.2%). Weed species and dominance rate by morphological characteristics were grass weed 4 species (12.1%), broad leaf weed 25 species (84.8%), and sedge weed 1 species (3.1 %) . Major dominant weeds were Capsella bursa-pastoris, Chemopodium album var. centrorubrum and Equisetum arvense in late April, and Digitaria sanguinalis, Erigeron canadensis and Echinochlor crus-galli in late June, and Digitaria sanguinalis, Erigeron canadensis and Echinochlor crus-galli in middle August.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.148-156
• /
• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the storage conditions and methods required for commercialization of Jeung-Pyon. The storage characteristics of Jeung-Pyon were examined with Universal Testing Machine (UTM, Instron model 1000) for textural properties during storage of under the conditions such as sealing, nonsealing, and temperatures. The differences in storage characteristics on the different varieties and years of rices were not shown. When the Jeung-Pyon was lost it's quality as a commercial product, the measured value of UTM was increased as hardness 0.74Kg to 1.0Kg, gumminess 0.23Kg to 0.59Kg, chewiness 6Kg.mm to 18Kg.mm, but decreased in adhesiveness 0.65Kg.mm to 0.40Kg.mm, cohesiveness 0.61 to 0.34, springiness 41mm to 32mm. The nonsealed Jeung-Pyon was lost it's quality for storing at room temperature because of the case-hardening after 2 days. In the case of sealed Jeung-Pyon, the case-hardening phenomena by the evaporation of moisture was not occured, therefore it was a significant factor for an extension in sealed Jeung-Pyon. The shelf-life of sealed Jeung-Pyon was 20 days and 5 days respectively during storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. The sealed Jeung-Pyon stored at $5^{\circ}C$ was lost it's quality, in consideration of cold chain this temperature was suitable for retrogradation of starch. The Jeung-Pyon sealed with air and mosture proof packaging material stored at the accelerated condition as 92% R.H. and $35^{\circ}C$ lost it's quality within two or three days.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the comparison of storability on film sources and storage temperature and determine the proper condition for fresh Japanese mint in U storage. The fresh weight in storage was maintained well more than 40$\mu$m ceramic film(CE 40) thickness. The carbon dioxide, ethylene, and acetaldehyde contents in 80$\mu$m ceramic film(CE 80) was higher than those in CE 40. Those were not different among the storage temperatures, rather, those in 3$^{\circ}C$ and 1$^{\circ}C$ storage were higher than those in 1$0^{\circ}C$. The chlorophyll contents loss was promoted by above 5％ water loss and 0.5ppm ethylene contents, but mote than 4％ carbon dioxide contents restrained from degrading chiorophyll. The storage period in 3$^{\circ}C$ was 30 days that was twice longer than those in other storage temperatures. The visual quality was higher in CE 40 at 3$^{\circ}C$, and this plot was lowest in ion leakage that was shown the degree of chilling injury. It was concluded that storage temperature of at 3$^{\circ}C$ and packaged ceramic 40$\mu$m film to increase storability of Japanese mint would be favorable.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.415-419
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to compare the storability of some sprout vegetables; alfalfa, broccoli, radish, red-cabbage, and red-radish, packed with 50 low density polyethylene (LDPE) film in MA storage. Most of all 5 different sprout vegetable crops maintained the fresh weight higher than 99% until 10 days storage at 2 and $8^{\circ}C$. The carbon dioxide concentration in packages was higher at 8 than at $2^{\circ}C$. It was higher in radish and red-radish sprouts than other crops. As the oxygen concentration showed opposite trends to carbon dioxide, that of radish and red-radish sprouts decreased more than 3% after 3 days in 8 storage. Ethylene concentration in the packages of alfalfa was 0.1 ppm, significantly higher than other four crops with less than 1.0 ppm. Temperature treatment, however, did not influence the ethylene concentration in packages. The radish and red-radish sprouts, with lowest oxygen concentration in package, showed lowest off-flavor compared to the others. The visual quality of these sprouts in packages showed higher at $2^{\circ}C\;than\;at\;8^{\circ}C$ and was maintained the highest in radish sprouts, followed by red-radish, broccoli, red-cabbage, and alfalfa sprouts in that order. In conclusion, as the sprout vegetables have different shelf-life, of which radish was $4{\sim}5$ days longer than that of alfalfa the distributed condition of sprout vegetables should be differently controlled according to kinds of crops.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.252-260
• /
• 1987

Incidence of lettuce drop was observed throughout the growing season in the vinylhouse at the southern part of Korea, Kimhai. Occurrence of this disease was especially severe at the seedling stage. Number of sclerotia in surface soil $(30\times30\times5cm)$ was 22.0 at the seedling stage, and 5.3 at harvest in the infected area. Temperature for mycelial growth ranged from 5 to $30^{\circ}C$ with optimum temperature at $25^{\circ}C$. Sclerotia were formed fewer at low temperature, but their size was larger resulting in heavier dry weight than that at high temperature. The apothecia were formed from the sclerotia that were buried in March, April and September upto 3cm soil depth, but formed from those buried only 1 em soil depth in October. Sclerotia buried in June and December did not form apothecia regardless of soil depth by 90 days. The sclerotia buried in the 5cm of soil depth did not form apothecia. Sclerotia that were embedded in wet or flooded soil at $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ for 5 weeks lost their viability. Infection of lettuce was possible with mycelia originated from sclerotia on autoclaved lettuce plant fragments. The fungus was pathogenic on 25 plant species in 8 families in artificial inoculation tests. Lettuce seedlings appeared to be infected by airborne ascospore originated from sclerotia on crops and weeds around paddy fields, because sclerotia existing in soil might perish under long flood conditions during rice cultivation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2011

Cabbage (Baechu) Kimchi in its truncated form was placed in four different packing materials, Ny/PE/LLDP, OPP/AL/PE, PP and PET, and quality changes were observed during storage. Changes in pH and total acidity showed an x-shaped cross-curve as pH decreased and total acidity increased during storage. PP tray showed the slowest change at $5^{\circ}C$ with time. The pH was initially 6.25, but decreased to 4.12~4.16 at 20 days, and total acidity showed a 4 to 4.8-fold increase after 20 days of storage compared to the initial value. During storage at $5^{\circ}C$, total bacterial count and lactic acid bacterial count rapidly increased after 4 days. The total bacterial quantity decreased after a period of time and there were differences according to packaging material; OPP/AL/PE packaging showed the most dramatic decrease. Change in microbial count mostly followed a similar pattern to that of total acidity for all packaging materials. Changes in the color of Kimchi liquid, when examined by color index in $L{\cdot}b$/a form, rapidly decreased over time, similar to pH. Small Ny/PE/PP and OPP/AL/PE packages of Kimchi were examined for changes in free volume inside the packaging. After 13 days of storage at $5^{\circ}C$, the volume was 243 mL, but storage at $20^{\circ}C$ resulted in a volume of 372 mL, a more than 1.5-fold increase in free volume. There were changes in the quality characteristics of small package Kimchi according to storage temperature and packaging material, and large changes in pH, total acidity, and microbial count were evident upon storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 8 days, which was the optimum palatability period. Mostly, PP treatment showed the slowest quality changes upon storage at $5^{\circ}C$. However, due to small package Kimchi's fast consumption system, the appropriate choice of packaging material must consider the product's turnover ratio. Further, the varieties of small package Kimchi should be diversified according to different consumer preferences by offering Kimchi with different maturity levels. Further, since the leading consumer base ranges in age from the teens to thirties, the development of various products targeting such consumers is necessary.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2020

Stem blight symptom of soybean was severely developed in 2016 in Hwaseong and Yeoncheon. During the seedling period, the damping-off of seedlings and the brown or black spots of cotyledons were observed. After August, the leaves began to be yellowed, and partially browned areas on leaves began to develop. After September, microsclerotia began to form even on the surface of the stems that had exhibited water-soaking symptom. After mid-October of the harvest season, the epidermis of the stem was peeled off, resulting in the formation of a large number of microsclerotia in the cortex. The pathogens isolated from these symptoms were the best in mycelial growth at 32-35℃, and the formation of microsclerotia was the most at 20-28℃. The pathogen was identified as Macrophomina phaseolina through the morphological characteristics of the pathogen and the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region gene. In addition, when inoculated with a soybean stem using toothpicks cultured with the pathogen, the same symptoms as seen on the soybean field occurred. When the pathogen was re-isolated at the lesion site, the same pathogen was isolated and identified as Macrophomina phaseolina. Based on the results, the disease is reported as soybean charcoal rot.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.146-151
• /
• 1997

To get the basic information for the establishment of the optimum levels of upland soil fertility and fertilizer application, two hundred soil samples were collected from the major vegetable cultivation areas such as Chinese cabbage, reddish, garlic, onion, red pepper, watermelon and potato fields. The soil samples were analyzed for the soil chemical properties and micro elements. Soil pH, organic matter and magnesium contents were lower than the standard level for upland soil improvement, while the phosphate and potassium contents were higher than the standard levels. The organic matter and nitrogen contents were increased in the potato field soils, the available phosphate contents were increased in the red pepper field soils and the exchangeable potassium contents were increased in reddish and red pepper field soils, to compared with the past deta. The contents of micro elements were ranged in 14~282 for Fe, 13~98 for Mn, 0.5~2.8 for Cu and 0.6~5.0 mg/kg for Zn respectively, and they were in order of Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu.