• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.1 s.62
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• pp.11-14
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• 1985

Some experiments were conducted to evaluate the aphidivorous activity of coccinellid beetle, Harmania axyridis Pallas. Experiments were carried out using with laboratory reared beetles and two aphid species(Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae). Factors referred in the study of aphidivorous activity were the age of beetle, aphid species, temperatreu and illumination time. The aphidivorous activity was greatly different in relation to aphid species, developmental stages of the beetle, and the temperature. The 3rd and 4th instar larvae consumed more aphids than the 1st and 2nd instar larvae. Though the beetles consumed more number of cotton aphid, total weight of aphids consumed the more or less the same. Aphidivorous activity of the 1st to 4th instar larvae increased with a rise in temperature and adult activity was relativel high at $20^{\circ}C$ and low at $15^{\circ}C\;and\;30^{\circ}C$. The aphidivorous activity of the beetles was not influenced by the illumination period under the conditions given in this experiments, however, seem to require further study.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

Insect pests and their natural enemies of Hibiscus Linne (Malvaceae) were investigated from March 2002 to November 2004. Fourteen insect pest species of 9 families in 5 orders were collected from Hibiscus syriacus: 5 species in Homoptera, 3 species in Lepidoptera, 2 species in Coleoptera, 1 species in Orthoprera, 1species in Hemiptera, 1 spedies in Acarina, and 1 species in Stylommatophora. Especially, Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae), Anomis megogona Walker(Noctuidae) and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae) were very important species because of their increasing daminge. The highest donsities were observed from May to June in August in Tetranychus urticae. As the enemies and ento-mopathogens of insect pests on Hibiscus syriacus, 1 species of bacteria, 3 species of fungi, 1 species of fungi, 1 species of Hemiptera, 1 species of Coleoptera, 2 species of Hymenopetera, 2 species of Diptera, and 1 species of Acarina were investigated. As the predators and parasitoids of Aphis gossypii, Aphidoletes aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani (Cecidomyiidae), Meliscaeva cinctella Zetterstedt (Syrphidae), Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coccinellidae), and Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Braconidae), entomopathogenic fungi, Vericillium lecani naturalis strain (Moniliaceae) and Beauveria bassiana naturalis strain strain (Hypocreaceae) were observed and Bacillus thuringiensis naturalis strain (Bacillaceae), B. bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae naturalis strain (Hypocreaceae), predators of Tetranychus urticae, Amblyseius sp. (Phytoseiidae), and Orius sp. (Anthocoridae) were observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.68-68
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• 2000

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 1998

The natural enemies of Black pine bast scale (Matsucoccus thunbergianae) were surveyed total 24species, 7families, 4orders in predatory insects and 29species 1 lfamilies in a predatory spiders. In insect, Coleoptera IOspecies, Hymenoptera 7species, Hemiptera 6species, Dermaptera 1 species were investigated. Among them high frequency and population density were Chilocorus rubidus, Harmonia axyridis of Coleoptera, Brachyponera chinensis, Vesp~ilac rabro flavofasciata of Hymonoptea, Sphedanolestes impressicollis, Velinos nodipes of Hemiptera. Anatis halonis, Anisostictu kobensis of Coleoptea and Cydnocoris russatus of Hemiptea were newly investigated. In spiders, Araneidae gspecies, Thomisidae Sspecies, Lycosidae 3species, Salticidae 3species, Pisauridae 2species, Theridiidae 2species, Tetragnathidae 2species, Oxyopidae lspecies, Gnaphosidae I species, Clubionidae I species, Atypidae 1 species were investigated. Which high frequency and concentrating predatory species were Argiope bruennichii, Araneus ventricosus, Neoscona melloteei, Neoscona scylloides of Araneidae, Lycosa suzurii, Pirata sp. of Lycosidae, Marpissu elongata of Salticidae, Dolomedes stellatus of Pisauridae, Oxyopes sertatus of Oxyopidae. Neosconu scylloides, Cvclosa laticauda of Araneidae, Synema globosum, Xysticus ephippiatus, Misumenops tricu~pidat~o~f .T~h, omisidae, Marpissa elongata, Dendryphantes atratus of Salitidae, Perenethis .fascigera of Pisauridae, Tetragnatha pinicola of Tetragnathidae, Zelotes asiaticus of Gnaphosidae.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2017

To protect plants from damage caused by Panonychus citri (McGregor), practical methods for the use banker plants have been developed to provide a habitat and augment natural enemies of several agricultural pests. The average population density of predatory mites on an Oxalis corniculata (creeping sorrel) sod culture was significantly higher (three times) than that on normal sod culture. Furthemore, the average population density of spider mites on creeping sorrel sod culture was significantly lower (3.7 times) than when weed control was practiced. Average consumption of the eggs and females of Tetranychina harti (Ewing) by Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) females was approximately 1.96 eggs and 1.93 females per day, respectively. Phytoseiulus persimilis AthiasHenriot females never consumed T. harti. However, total development time of T. harti from egg to adult on O. corniculata was 17.4 days, and hatchability and survival rate were 77.5% and 84.8%, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.5_6
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• pp.55-58
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• 1968

본시험은 1966년 필리핀에 있는 국제수도연구소에서 벼멸구의 생태에 관한 시험을 위하여 벼멸구를 대량으로 집단접종사육하여 오딘 중 cage내 갑자기 벼멸구의 밀도가 줄고 장님노린재가 무수히 번식되고 있는 것을 관찰한 후 Hawaii에 있는 Bishop Museum, Dr. ASHLOCK 씨에이 장님노린재에 대한 동정을 의뢰함과 동시에 벼멸구에 대한 포식성을 조사한 결과 벼멸구의 포식식능력은 장님노린재를 산난된 도엽에 접종하였을 때 5일후 포식난율이 $69.1\%$인대 대하여 벼멸구 고충에 대하여서는 접종 1일 후$61.4\%$, 2일 후 $76.2\%$, 3일 후 $91.0\%$ 4일 후 $93.3\%$의 포식률로서 매우 놀라운 포식능력을 보여주었다. 이 장님노린채는 벼멸구뿐만 아니라 다른 멸구류의 밀도를 제압할 수 있기 때문에 단장조건하에서는 벼멸구류의 피해를 미연에 경감시킬 수 있는 유리한 천적이라고 생각되며, 금후 이의 실제적인 이용면에 대한 연구가 기대된다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2018

A mass-rearing method for a soil-dwelling predatory mite Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) was developed using the double box system. The rearing box consists of two, outer (22 L, $54{\times}36{\times}18cm^3$) and inner (6.5 L, $31{\times}22{\times}11cm^3$), plastic boxes. Inner box was filled with chaff (rice husks) which is used as the shelter of the predatory mites. Outer box contained 1 L of water and the inner box, then covered with a lid. This system prevents the predatory mites from escaping as well as keeping moisture of the shelter. In addition, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), as prey mites of S. scimitus, was reared on the rice bran as a food source using the same double box system. The both mites were reared at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $60{\pm}10%$ relative humidity condition. The prey mites were provided once a week. The density of predatory mites increased three times for four weeks and the final population was approximately 120,000 individuals/box (4 L). This is a simple mass-raring technique of S. scimitus and helpful for the biological control of soil pests.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.123-158
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• 2009

An attempt was made to stimulate future research by providing exemplary information, which would integrate published knowledge to solve specific pest problem caused by resistance. This review was directed to find a way for delaying resistance development with consideration of chemical(s) nature, of mixture, rotation, or mosaics, and of insecticide(s) compatible with the biological agents in integrated pest management (IPM). The application frequency, related to the resistance development, was influenced by insecticide activity from potentiation, residual period, and the vulnerability to resistance development of chemical, with secondary pest. Chemical affected feeding, locomotion, flight, mating, and predator avoidance. Insecticides with negative cross-resistance by the difference of target sites and mode of action would be adapted to mixture, rotation and mosaic. Mixtures for delaying resistance depend on each component killing very high percentage of the insects, considering allele dominance, cross-resistance, and immigration and fitness disadvantage. Potential disadvantages associated with mixtures include disruption of biological control, resistance in secondary pests, selecting very resistant population, and extending cross-resistance range. The rotation would use insecticides in high and low doses, or with different metabolic mechanisms. Mosaic apply insecticides to the different sectors of a grid for highly mobile insects, spray unrelated insecticides to sedentary aphids in different areas, or mix plots of insecticide-treated and untreated rows. On the evolution of pest resistance, selectivity and resistance of parasitoids and predator decreased the number of generations in which pesticide treatment is required and they could be complementary to refuges from pesticides To enhance the viability of parasitoids, the terms on the insecticides selectivity and factors affecting to the selectivity in field were examined. For establishment of resistant parasitoid, migration, survivorship, refuge, alternative pesticides were considered. To use parasitoids under the pressure of pesticides, resistant or tolerant parasitoids were tested, collected, and/or selected. A parasitoid parasitized more successfully in the susceptible host than the resistant. Factors affecting to selective toxicity of predator are mixing mineral oil, application method, insecticide contaminated prey, trait of individual insecticide, sub-lethal doses, and the developmental stage of predators. To improve the predator/prey ratio in field, application time, method, and formulation of pesticide, reducing dose rate, using mulches and weeds, multicropping and managing of surroundings are suggested. Plant resistance, predator activity, selective insect growth regulator, and alternative prey positively contributed to the increase of the ratio. Using selective insecticides or insecticide resistant predator controlled its phytophagous prey mites, kept them below an economic level, increased yield, and reduced the spray number and fruits damaged.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.169-171
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• 2003

The life history and natural enemies of Coleophora obducia Meyrick which is a defoliating pest of Larix leptolepis were studied mainly in Chungchongbuk Province. Larix leptoiepis was the only host plant of this pest. Coleophora obducia had one generation per you and the adults emerged from mid May to late May with a peak emergence around May 14th. The mean number of eggs in an ovary was 44.5 and most females oviposited one egg on each needle. The duration of the egg stage was about two weeks. Larvae passed the winter in a pouch made by spinning the needles. Pupation began in the late April, and the pupal period was two weeks on average. The natural enemies observed were parasitoids and predators.