• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2016

This study was to investigate the characteristics of combustion toxic gases of pinus rigida specimens treated with chemical additives such as pyrophosphoric acid (PP)/ammonuium ion ($NH_4{^+}$), methylenepiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (PIPEABP) and $PIPEABP/NH_4{^+}$. Each pinus rigida plates was painted in three times with 15 wt% of each chemical additives in the aqueous solution. After drying these specimens at room temperature, the production of combustion gases and smoke was examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). As a result, the peak mass loss rate time (PMLR time) treated with chemicals was delayed upto 10.5~47.4% compared to that of using untreated specimen. In addition, the peak production of carbon monoxide ($CO\;_{peak}$) of 32.1~71.4% and total smoke release rate (TSRR) of 15.6~43.6% for test pieces treated with the chemical additive were higher than that of using the virgin plate. In particular, for the specimens treated with the chemical additive, the rate of smoke release (RSR) 29.4~41.5% was obtained higher than that of untreated plate except the specimen treated with $PP/4NH_4{^+}$. It can thus be concluded that the treatment using the chemical additive could partially increase the combustion-retardation properties of the species when compared to those of the virgin plate.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.609-614
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• 2015

This study was to investigate the production of combustion toxic gases of pinus rigida specimens treated with pyrophosphoric acid (PP)/4ammonuium ion ($4NH_4{^+}$), methylenepiperazinomethyl-bis-phosphonic acid (PIPEABP) and PIPEABP/$4NH_4{^+}$. Each pinus rigida plates was painted in three times with 15 wt% in the aqueous solution followed by drying the species at room temperature. Emission of combustion toxic gases was examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). First-time to peak mass loss rate (1st-$TMLR_{peak}$) treated with chemicals was delayed upto 66.7~250.0% compared to those of untreated specimens. For test pieces treated with the chemicals, the emission of peak carbon monoxide ($CO_{peak}$) values of 0.0136~0.0178% and peak carbon dioxide ($CO_{2\;peak}$) value of 0.04432~0.3648% were obtained, which were higher than those for the virgin plate. In particular, oxygen emission is much higher than the level of 15% which can be fatal to humans. Therefore, the resulting risk could be eliminated. However it is supposed that the combustion-toxicities were partially increased compared to those of virgin plate.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.93-99
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• 2016

This study tested the combustion characteristics of veneer specimens coated with four kinds of ammonium salts. Each veneer specimen was coated three times with 20 wt.% ammonium salt solutions at room temperature. After drying, the combustion characteristics of the specimens coated with chemicals, were investigated using the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1, 2). The specimens coated with monoammonium phosphate (MAPP) and, diammonium phosphate (DMPP) showed a 6.7% and, 10.0%, lower mean heat release rate ($HRR_{mean}$), respectively, than that of the uncoated specimen. On the other hand, the specimens coated with MAPP showed a 15.7% higher $CO_{peak}$ production rate and the specimens coated with DAPP showed by 8.2% lower rate than that of the uncoated specimen. The veneer coated with ammonium sulfate (AMSF) and DAPP showed a 9.6% and 33.3% lower the peak smoke production rate ($SPR_{peak}$) than that of the uncoated specimen. In addition, the time to the peak smoke extinction area ($SEA_{peak}$) was delayed by 38.4% in the specimens coated with DAPP than the uncoated specimen. Therefore, DAPP inhibited the combustion properties of the veneer and showed a tendency to reduce smoke production.