• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.261-271
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• 1996

Introduction: Osteoporosis, the most common metabolic bone disorder, is a condition of reduced bone density and increased susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis is a major public health problem and a significant cause of morbidity in postmenopausal women. Therefore family physicians as primary care physicians are in a key position for preventing and treating this disorder. So we studied the factors affecting to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A total of 136 spontaneous postmenopausal women were participated in the study. They have measured spinal bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry from January 1992 to June 1995 at Yeungnam University Hospital. Age, height, weight, age at menarche and menopause, number of child and breast feeding child, history of oral pill ingestion, family history of osteoporosis, amount of milk and coffee ingestion, consumption of tobacco and alcohol and physical activity were assessed by qustionnaire and medical records. Results: The mean age is 55.2 and mean age at menopause is 47.9. Height, weight and physical activity were significantly positive correlated to bone mineral density. But age, duration after menopause and number of child were significantly negative correlated. Also age, height, weight, physical activity and duration after menopause were significantly correlated to % age-matched bone mineral density. In multiple regression analysis, which dependent variable is bone mineral density, duration after menopause, physical activity and weight were significant contributors. Duration after menopause is most the largest contributor. In multiple regression analysis, which dependent variable is % age-matched bone mineral density to adjust the age effect, physical activity and weight were significant contributors. Physical activity is most the largest contributor. Conclusions: Among factors affecting to BMD in postmenopausal women, physical activity and weight were more important factors. Therefore continuous physical activity is significant factor to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.198-205
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• 2020

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between stress and quality of life experienced by middle-aged women according to menopause and to provide basic data for improving the quality of life and health of middle-aged women. The data collection period was from September 02, 2019 to November 29, 2019, and a total of 400 questionnaires were distributed and 362 copies were used, excluding unscrupulous responses. As a result of the study, it was found that the more severe the menopause symptoms, the higher the effect on physical stress and psychological stress(p<.001). In addition, in terms of quality of life satisfaction, the more severe the menopause symptoms were, the higher the satisfaction was with physical and psychological health, but it could be seen that it did not have a significant effect on the satisfaction of social and environmental relationships. In future studies, further studies require a detailed observation of various menopause conditions and symptoms, and a multi-view approach. In addition, education and intervention programs should be activated to alleviate the symptoms of menopause and to receive relevant information.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the association among bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone markers, nutrients, and salt intake in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. We evaluated 431 subjects who visited a health promotion center of a university hospital between January 2008 and July 2009. We excluded those who were taking medications or who had an endocrine disorder affecting osteoporosis. The subjects were divided into premenopausal (n = 283) and postmenopausal (n = 143) women. We evaluated the correlation among BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femoral, as well as biochemical bone markers, hormone, serum profiles, general characteristics, nutrient intakes, and food intake frequencies. From a stepwise multiple regression analysis, lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with osteocalcin (OC)(p < 0.001), Femoral neck BMD was positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with C-telopeptide (CTx) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)(p < 0.001, p < 0.05). In premenopausal women, femoral total BMD was positively correlated with BMI (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with CTx (p < 0.001). In postmenopausal women, lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with calcium intake (p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with sodium intake (p < 0.01). Femoral neck and femoral total BMD were both positively correlated with weight (p < 0.001), and femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with age and ALP (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). Femoral total BMD was negatively correlated with age and OC (p < 0.001, p < 0.01). These results suggest that reducing sodium intake may play an important role delaying bone resorption and preventing a decrease in BMD.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.347-356
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between menopausal symptoms, perceived awareness of menopausal symptom, menopausal attitude and of menopausal management in middle aged women and to identify factors affecting menopausal symptoms. The subjects of study were 242 middle aged women who are living in G, J, K city and understood the research items and agreed to participate in the research. Data were collected from April 10 to May 30, 2019. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression with SPSS/WIN 25.0. In this study, it was founded that perceived awareness of menopausal symptom(β=. 51, p<.001), menstruation status(β=. 23, p<.001), perceived health status(β=. 19, p=. 002), satisfaction of life(β=. 14, p=. 019) and religion(β=. 10, p=. 045) were found to be influential factors affecting menopausal symptoms in middle aged women. The most influential factor was perceived awareness of menopausal symptom. A nursing intervention program is needed to change positively the awareness of menopausal symptom.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.406.1-406
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• 2004

유방암은 선진국형 질병으로 미국의 경우 가장 흔한 암으로 보고되고 있으며, 우리나라의 경우 과거에는 유방암 발생률이 낮았으나, 생활방식이 서구화되고 영양상태가 좋아지면서 점차 증가하고 있다. 유방암이 증가하는 이유는 명확히 밝혀지지는 않았지만, 서구화 되어가는 생활 패턴으로 초경 연령이 빨라지고, 폐경연령이 늦어지는 등 유방암 발생에 중요한 역할을 하는 여성호르몬에 노출되는 기간이 길면 길수록 유방암 발생이 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 가족 중에 유방암이 있거나 출산하지 않을 경우 등에서도 유방암의 발생률이 다소 높다고 한다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.52-61
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess health-related quality of life and evaluate the risk factors affecting severity of menopausal symptoms in early and late postmenopausal women based on the stages of reproductive aging workshop(STRAW) paradigm. Methods : This cross-sectional study examined 497 Korean postmenopausal women aged 41-59 years in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. We divided subjects into early postmenopause group and late postmenopause group. Menopause Rating Scale(MRS) was used to measure the quality of life. MRS scores, sociodemographic variables, smoking, alcohol use, age at menopause, and risk factors such as attitude to menopause, depression, history of premenstrual dysphoric disorder were compared between early and late postmenopause groups. Multiple regression analysis was performed in each group to assess the independent contribution of several variables. Results : Early postmenopause group showed significantly higher MRS scores, more negative attitude toward menopause, higher scores of depressive symptoms than late postmenopause group. Moderate to very severe hot flush group showed significantly, more negative attitude toward menopause, higher score of depressive symptoms, and higher MRS scores than none to mild hot flush groups. Depressive symptoms and attitude toward menopause contributed to the severity of menopausal symptom in both early and late postmenopause groups. Chronological age, age at menopause, history of PMDD contributed to severity of menopausal symptoms in early postmenopause group while marital status and occupation contributed in late postmenopause group. Conclusion : Health-related quality of life in postmenopause women was significantly lower in early postmenopause group than the late. Attitude toward menopause and depressive symptoms contributed significantly to quality of life in both early and late postmenopause groups but other variables contributed differently in each group. Further studies on clinical samples of postmenopausal women in order to confirm quality of life and its risk factor are needed to be done.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.120-123
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• 1996

Regarding menopause as a turning point in woman's lift, the author reviewed the psychosocial aspects of menopause. Seeing menstruation as the symbolic meaning of female sexuality, psychoanalysts argue that menopause, the loss of symbolic meaning of female sexuality, may bring a mourning reaction to woman. It is reported that the high ratio of depression does not have a serious relationship with the menopause syndrome, and that depression cannot be viewed as a different symptoms. It is also proved that most women successfully recover themselves from temporary menopause symptom. Research data shows that some women have a negative thought on the meaning of menopause. Others, however, have a positive concept on the meaning of menopause because of the feeling of release and freedom. In sum, the author suggests that psychosocial consideration is very important as much as bilogical consideration in considering the meaning of menopausal syndrome.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2018

To evaluate the applicability of osteoporosis management by statistical analysis of the correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) changes after menopause by dividing the T-score of bone mineral density measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry do. Between January 1, 2016 and July 31, 2017, women who visited the medical center of W Medical Center were enrolled in this study. The postmenopausal period was divided into 5 groups, There were 18 patients within 5 years, 44 patients in 6~10 years, 134 patients in 11~15 years, 109 patients in 16~20 years and 21 patients in 21 years or older. And postmenopausal women. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femur was measured using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The lowest value among lumbar spine 1, 2, 3 and 4 and the lowest value among the femoral neck, greater trochanter, total femur, and ward Values were measured. The statistical significance was analyzed by using bivariate correlation coefficient method and one - way ANOVA. In 326 patients who underwent BMD, the correlation between bone mineral density and postmenopausal BMD showed a negative correlation (-.159, p<.01) with BMD of femur and BMD of lumbar spine The correlation between the menopausal period and negative (-.208, p<.01) was shown. There was a significant difference (p<.012) between the postmenopausal femur bone density and the mean value of the lumbar spine BMD (p<.000). The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and postmenopausal women's postmenopausal status can be estimated by estimating the bone mineral density and using it as a basic data for osteoporosis management.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was investigate the association between birth age related health factors and metabolic syndrome in women. The data of 6743 women from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2012-2014 KNHANES) were analyzed. Dependent variable was metabolic syndrom related variables were collected. Menopause status was associated with metabolic syndrome [odds ratio of with post-menopause 1.44(95% CI: 1.09-1.90)]. First birth age was associated with metabolic syndrome [odds ratio of women with 26-30 year : 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68-0.98); odds ratio of women 31 year over: 0.62(95% CI: 0.45-0.87)] after adjusted for age, region, household income, smoking, occupation. In conclusion, the metabolic syndrome is closely related to menopause and first birth age, and will be used as a basic data in developing future educational programs for women.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.224-237
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• 2011

For establishing the efficacy against breast cancer occurrence, women's mammographic breast density and hot flush remission related to pre and post-menopausal symptoms were selected as biomarkers. Meta analysis applied the final selection of 40 papers from Medline to assess the efficacy of isoflavone-rich soy or supplements versus placebo under randomized controlled trials. Interestingly, the exposure to the purified isoflavones was more effective than the exposure to the crude extract of soy isoflavones for hot flush suppression. The length and the amount of dosage dependency is the most appropriately suggested to be one year long with 50~100 mg/day of isoflavone-rich soy or supplements. Funnel plots was used to interpret the results, overall effect of isoflavones on breast density in post-menopausal women was revealed to be less effect [effect size: 0.062, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005 to 0.12], than that of pre-menopausal women (effect size: 0.101, CI: -0.003 to 0.205). The reason why breast density was found higher among the pre-menopausal than the post-menopausal women is that the phytoestrogens of dietary isoflavones were antagonized against estrogen by the basis of estrogen receptor binding affinity. Overall, the Meta analysis reported that isoflavone had limited influence on breast density by suppressing the expansion by only 2%, while it was more effective to suppressing the hot flush, showing a dramatic decrease of 23%.