• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2014

In installing ballast water treatment system, the cost of the system is high and many technical aspects are to be considered and also it takes significant time to retro-fitting on the existing ships. In addition, in the current circumstance which the Ballast Water Management Convention has not been entered into force, the 28th IMO Assembly adopted a resolution to mediate the implementation schedule of the treatment systems. In the mean time, California State and New York State have declared more stringent discharge requirements of ballast water and are planning to implement them earlier than the schedule of the Convention. In these circumstances, the implication in the difference between ballast water treatment system manufacturers and ship owners need to be considered. In this study, through the review on the considerations when installing the system onboard, stringent requirements of United States of America, and determent or mediated implementation schedules of Convention and California and New York States, the author would like to suggest the strategy of concerned parties for anticipated entrry into force of the Convention and implementation of the stringent requirements of United States of America.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2018

2004년 체결된 평형수관리협약은 2016년 9월 비준되어 2017년 발효 예정이었다. 그러나 발효 직전, 물리적으로 모든 선박에 평형수 처리장치를 설치하기 어렵다는 의견에 따라 2년 유예되었다. 따라서 수만 척의 선박은 2024년까지 평형수 처리장치를 설치해야 하며, 해당 시장의 규모는 약 40조원까지 성장할 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 우리나라에서 개발한 현재 평형수 처리장치는 IMO 형식승인을 받은 제품만 있을 뿐 USCG 형식승인을 받은 제품이 없어 평형수 처리시장을 선점하기에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 USCG 성능기준을 만족하는 평형수 처리기술 개발을 위하여 IMO와 USCG 성능기준의 차이를 비교하고, 현재 사용되고 있는 선박평형수 처리장치의 국내 및 세계 기술 수준을 비교 분석하여 자외선 발광 다이오드 및 이산화티타늄을 이용한 평형수 처리장치 개발방향을 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.483-492
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• 2020

In this study, we compared and analyzed the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Trade Specialization Index (TSI) based on ballast water management systems (BWMS) trade data, which are related to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Ballast Water Management Convention to suggest the current status of Korea's industrial competitiveness and suggest future development directions for the BWMS industry. As international interest in eco-friendly vessels is expanding, the IMO is engaged in dramatic discussions and agreement-making related to marine emissions of pollutants from ships. IMO member states that must implement this convention are striving to develop technology and secure industrial competitiveness as major industries in the eco-friendly shipping sector, with the BWMS industry experiencing a high market entry barrier and the possibility of the leading market entrants gaining leadership. The Republic of Korea accounts for 17 (approximately 38 %) of the 45 BWMS that received final approval as of October 2019. Based on trade data relating to product codes HS842219, HS84212, and HS89, the RCA index and TSI were calculated and compared. The findings revealed that the Republic of Korea has relative inferiority compared to countries such as Germany and Denmark. Despite this, Korea's favorable industrial environment, which includes several IMO-approved BWMS technologies and the possession of domestic certification institutions, is likely to strengthen its competitiveness in the BWMS market.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2014

In order to prevent the spread of non-indigenous aquatic species through the ballast water in commercial ships, International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted in 2004 the International Convention for Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments. The Convention mandates treatment of ballast water for most transoceanic voyages and its confirmation of treatment is made with plankton live/dead assay. Fluorescein diacetate assay (FDA), which produces bright green light for live phytoplankton, has been a de facto standard method to determine the survival of marine plankton, but its staining efficacy has been in dispute. In the present study, we examined the limitation of FDA, and compared its efficacy with Neutral red (NR) staining, another promising assay and widely used especially for zooplankton mortality. For all phytoplankton species studied in the present study, except Ditylum brightwellii, the staining efficiency was <50% with FDA. The green FDA fluorescence interfered with phytoplankton autofluorescence in most samples. In contrast, NR assay stained over 90% of both phytoplankton and zooplankton species tested in this study. FDA assay also showed that green FDA fluorescence rapidly faded when phytoplankton cells were exposed to microscope light. Both FDA and NR assay were negative on formalin-killed individuals of both phytoplankton and zooplankton species. Our results suggest that NR assay is more effective for determining the survival of marine plankton and can be applied to test the efficacy of ballast water treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.88-101
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• 2013

The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ship's Ballast Water and Sediments was adopted at 2004 and then various BWMS (ballast water management system) have been developed. In this study, WET (whole effluent toxicity) test with algae (diatom) Skeletonema costatum as primary producer, invertebrate (rotifera) Brachionus plicatilis as 1st consumer and fish (olive flounder) Paralichthys olivaceus as predator, chemical analysis and ERA (environmental risk assessment) were conducted to assess the unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem by emitting the discharge water treated with AquaStar$^{TM}$ BWMS using electrolysis as main treatment equipment for removing the marine organisms in the ship's ballast water. The most sensitive test organism on discharge water treated with AquaStar$^{TM}$ BWMS was S. costatum that gave the NOEC value of 25.00%, LOEC value of 50.00% and 72hr-$EC_{50}$ value of 69.97% from WET test result for 20 psu salinity treated discharge water. NOEC and LOEC value of B. plicatilis and P. olivaceus exposed at 20 psu salinity treated discharge water were 50.00% and 100.00%, respectively. In the chemical analysis results, total number of substances produced by AquaStar$^{TM}$ BWMS was 18 which were bromate, 7 volatile halogenated organic compounds, 7 halogenated acetic acids, 3 halogenated acetonitriles and chloropicrin. Eighteen substances did not consider as persistence and bioaccumulative chemicals. Uncertainty of toxic property of 18 substances was high. PECs of 18 substances calculated by MAMPEC model were ranged from $4.58{\times}10^{-4}$ to $4.87{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, PNECs of them were ranged from $1.6{\times}10^{-2}$ to $3.2{\times}10^2{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. And, the PEC/PNEC ratio of 18 substances did not exceed 1. Therefore, ERA for produced substances indicate that the discharge water treated with AquaStar$^{TM}$ BWMS does not pose unacceptable effect on marine life. And $EC_{50}$ value of S. costatum on discharge water treated by BWMS using the electrolysis had positive correlation with initial TRO concentration, concentration and kind & level of HAAs.