• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-40
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• 1994

스웨덴의 펄프 제지산업을 대상으로 관찰해 보면 대부분의 기업은 허가된 수준보다는 덜 오염시키고 있다. 이를 설명하기 위하여 우리는 환경 부하(waste load)가 확률적이라는 가정에 의존하는 접근법을 제안하였다. 동 모델에 따르면 기업은 너무 높은 기대벌금을 회피하기 위하여 평균적으로 허용된 수준보다는 덜 오염시키는 것이 이윤을 가짐을 알 수 있다. 그 이유는 허가된 수준과 기대된 환경 부하의 차이가 제한규정을 위반하지 않는 확률을 증가시키기 때문이다. 우리의 이론으로부터 나타나는 또 다른 결과는 규제의 변화가 기업의 이윤과 환경에 주는 영향은 대부분의 경우에 적발되는 확률, 지불하는 벌금 수준 그리고 불확실성을 가능한한 줄이기 위해 드는 비용에 대한 기업의 인식에 달려 있다는 것이다. 오염배출의 확률분포에서 분산을 감소시키는데 드는 비용이 계획된 배출량을 감소시키는 데 드는 비용에 비해서 적다면, 기업은 오염 배출을 증가시키는 것이 이득이 됨을 발견할 것이며, 분산을 감소시킴으로서 규제준수 확률을 증가시킬 것이다. 우리는 동 산업에서 허가시스템이 기업들에게 영향을 미쳐왔다는 것을 실증분석을 통해 발견하였다. 더구나, 비표백 펄프와 쇄목 펄프를 생산하는 기업은 표백 펄프를 생산하는 기업보다 허가된 배출수준의 변화에 더 민감한 것처럼 보임을 발견하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.2534-2536
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• 2003

Color는 다른 물체로부터 하나의 물체를 특정짓기 위한 효과적이고 강인한 실마리이므로 color clustering이 많은 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 불규칙한 조명변화에 의한 color 변이 때문에 color segmentation은 매우 어렵다. 이 논문은 B-spline 곡선을 이용한, HSI color space에서의 intensity 정보를 포함한 신뢰할 수 있는 color modeling 방법을 제안한다. 이것은 비록 HS 평균임에도 불구하고 단색 물체의 color 분포가 조명이 변함에따라 변한다는 사실에 기반한다. 이 접근법을 사용하면 피부색을 가진 영역의 color clustering이 불규칙한 조명변화에 적응될 수 있다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.388-391
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• 2019

과편향 뉴스 판별(hyperpartisan news detection)은 뉴스 기사가 특정 인물 또는 정당에 편향되었는지 판단하는 task이다. 이를 위해 feature-based ELMo + CNN 모델이 제안되었으나, 이는 문서 임베딩이 아닌 단어 임베딩의 평균을 사용한다는 한계가 존재한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 feature-based 접근법을 따르며 Sentence-BERT(SentBERT)의 문서 임베딩을 이용한 feature-based SentBERT 기반의 과편향 뉴스 판별 모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델의 효과를 입증하기 위해 ELMO, BERT, SBERT와 CNN, BiLSTM을 적용한 비교 실험을 진행하였고, 기존 state-of-the-art 모델보다 f1-score 기준 1.3%p 높은 성능을 보였다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.28-50
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• 2002

본 연구는 마케팅성과에 대한 Kotler의 접근법을 원용하여 한국의 대표적인 제조기업과 서비스 기업들의 마케팅 성과에 영향을 주는 요인들을 발견하고 경영 시사점을 제시하기 위한 모델을 개발하였다. 제조 분야에서 10개 기업, 서비스 분야에서 9개 기업을 각각 선정하여 전체 19개 기업의 마케팅 성과의 수준을 평가해 보았다. 확인요인분석 결과 제조기업의 마케팅 성과요인으로는 마케팅 인력, 마케팅 조직, 마케팅 전략이 추출되었고 서비스기업의 요인으로는 마케팅 인력, 마케팅 정보, 고객지향성, 마케팅 전략이 추출되었다. 5개의 마케팅성과요인과 제품력, 유통력, 판촉력, 가격력으로 구성된 마케팅역량, 그리고 고객만족 간의 관계를 규명할 목적으로 구조방정식모형을 구축하고 관계들에 관한 가설들을 검증하였다. 요인분석결과 제조기업은 마케팅인력, 마케팅 조직, 마케팅 전략의 세 요인이 유의한 요인으로 나타났으나, 서비스 기업에서는 마케팅 인력, 마케팅 정보, 고객지향성, 마케팅 전략의 4요인이 유의하게 나타났다. 각 요인의 평균치 분석결과, 서비스기업이 제조기업에 비해 마케팅성과 영향요인, 마케팅역량과 고객만족에서 모두 우세하게 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2019

Purpose: The clinical and radiological results of patients with type 3 talar neck fractures treated with the anteromedial approach using medial malleolar osteotomy and large distractor were analyzed retrospectively. Materials and Methods: From March 2009 to August 2016, 12 patients with a type 3 talar neck fracture, who underwent the anteromedial approach using a medial malleolar osteotomy and large distractor and who could be followed-up for more than 12 months after the operation, were examined. The patients were examined for the presence of Hawkins signs by anteroposterior and lateral radiographs and osteonecrosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the postoperative 3 months. Subsequently, every 3 months, radiographic union was assessed by a simple radiograph and clinical symptoms. Twelve months postoperatively, posttraumatic arthritis was assessed and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score was analyzed. Results: In 7 cases, osteonecrosis was found on MRI performed 3 months after surgery. On the other hand, at the 12 months follow-up, all of them obtained AOFAS scores of 83.86±4.53 without surgical treatment. Radiographic union was achieved in all cases. The mean union period was 5.3 months. In 10 cases, traumatic arthritis was found after the radiographical and clinical evaluation. In addition, all of them could carry on everyday life by conservative treatment. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was measured to be 85.17 on average. Other complications included superficial wound infection in 2 cases. Conclusion: An anteromedial approach using a medial malleolar osteotomy and a large distractor in the surgical treatment of patients with type 3 talar neck fractures can achieve anatomical reduction of the displaced fragment without a lateral dissection. This is considered to be another good surgical option.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.467-473
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• 2007

Power-aware design is one of the most important areas to be emphasized in multimedia mobile systems, in which data transfers dominate the power consumption. In this paper, we propose a new architecture for motion compensation (MC) of H.264/AVC with power reduction by decreasing the data transfers. For this purpose, a reconfigurable microarchitecture based on data type is proposed for interpolation and it is mapped onto the dedicated motion compensation IP (intellectual property) effectively without sacrificing the performance or the system latency. The original quarter-pel interpolation equation that consists of one or two half-pel interpolations and one averaging operation is designed to have different execution control modes, which result in decreasing memory accesses greatly and maintaining the system efficiency. The simulation result shows that the proposed method could reduce up to 87% of power consumption caused by data transfers over the conventional method in MC module.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.73-80
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a packet processing method capable of handling large-capacity traffic over 20Gbps using multi-core and huge page memory approaches. As ICT technology advances, the global average monthly traffic is expected to reach 396 exabytes by 2022. With the increase in network traffic, cyber threats are also increasing, increasing the importance of traffic analysis. Traffic analyzed as an existing high-cost foreign product simply stores statistical data and visually shows it. Network administrators introduce and analyze many traffic analysis systems to analyze traffic in various sections, but they cannot check the aggregated traffic of the entire network. In addition, since most of the existing equipment is of the 10Gbps class, it cannot handle the increasing traffic every year at a fast speed. In this paper, as a method of processing large-capacity traffic over 20Gbps, the process of processing raw packets without copying from single-core and basic SMA memory approaches to high-performance packet reception, packet detection, and statistics using multi-core and NUMA memory approaches suggest When using the proposed method, it was confirmed that more than 50% of the traffic was processed compared to the existing equipment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.3
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• pp.374-381
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• 2023

The travel time of flash floods along mountain streams is mainly governed by reach-average velocity, rather than by the point velocity of the locations of interest. Reach-average velocity is influenced by various factors such as stream geometry, streambed materials, and the hydraulic roughness of streams. In this study, the reach-average velocity in mountain streams was measured for storm periods using rhodamine dye tracing. The point cloud data obtained from a LiDAR survey was used to extract the average hydraulic roughness height, such as R_a, R_max, and R_z. The size distribution of the streambed materials (D₅₀, D₈₄) was also considered in the estimation of the roughness height. The field experiments revealed that the reach-average velocities had a significant relationship with flow discharges (v = 0.5499Q^0.6165 ), with an R² value of 0.77. The root mean square error in the roughness height of the R_a-based estimation (0.45) was lower than those of the other estimations (0.47-1.04). Among the parameters for roughness height estimation, the R_a -based roughness height was the most reliable and suitable for developing the reach-average velocity equation for estimating the travel time of flood waves in mountain streams.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.291-316
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• 2021

This study was conducted to identify how special education teachers perceive their school's organizational climate through latent profile analysis performed using Mplus, and determine whether there was a difference in the average teacher burnout rate between perception groups using three-step approaches. The participants were 312 special education teachers. The perception groups were identified as 'closed', 'laissez-faire', 'average', 'controlled', and 'autonomous.' The groups had different teacher burnout rates. The closed group had the highest rate, while the autonomous group had the lowest. This paper discusses the implications of these results for special education teacher burnout and school organizational climate, and suggests ideas for future studies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.135-166
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• 2008

This paper reports the empirical results of comparing the willingness to pay(WTP) for health risk reductions and the willingness to accept(WTA) for risk increases using experimental market methods in the first time in Korea. Health risks were defined as probabilities of premature death from exposure to one of As, Pb, and THM in tap water. A total of six experimental markets with 15 participants in each experiments were held using 20 repetitive Vickrey second-price sealed-bid auctions. To compare the effects of market experiences, trading a marketed good, candy bar, was introduced before the trading the non-marketed good, drinking water risks. Moreover, an objective risk information was provided after the first 10 trials to incorporate learning processes. Regardless of marketed or non-marketed goods, the mean of WTA exceeded the mean of WTP at the first auction trial. As experimental trials proceeded, the disparity between WTA and WTP for marketed goods disappeared. However results for non-marketed goods were rather mixed to the extent that WTA for health risks from As (relatively high risk leves) were significantly larger than WTP, while there were no significant difference between WTA and WTP for health risks fro Pb and THM (relatively low risk levels). On the other hand, participants seemed to respond in a 'rational' manner to the objective risk information provided, with positive learning effects of market-like experience(especially in the WTA experiments).