• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.137-145
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to understand the degree of major satisfaction, nursing professional intuition, self leadership, and career preparation behavior of nursing college students, and to identify factors that influence career preparation behavior. Data were collected from 202 nursing college students in B city and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 22.0. The degree of career preparation behavior in nursing college students was 3.16±.85. There were significant differences in career preparation behavior with respect to grade(t=-4.86, p<.001), college life satisfaction (F=11.82, p<.001). There was positive correlation between career preparation behavior and major satisfaction (r=.34, p<.001), nursing professional intuition(r=.24, p=.001), and self leadership(r=.54, p<.001). Factors affecting the career preparation behavior of the study subjects were self leadership(β=.491, p<.001), grade(β=.284, p<.001), college life satisfaction(β=.133, p=.039), and the explanatory power was 37.3%. Through this research requires the fellow study to determine the factors affecting career preparation behavior of nursing students.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

There are many cities installing ITS(Intelligent Transportation Systems) and running TMC(Trafnc Management Center) to improve mobility and safety of roadway transportation by providing roadway information to drivers. There are many devices in ITS which collect real-time traffic data. We can obtain many valuable traffic data from the devices. But it's impossible to avoid missing traffic data for many reasons such as roadway condition, adversary weather, communication shutdown and problems of the devices itself. We couldn't do any secondary process such as travel time forecasting and other transportation related research due to the missing data. If we use the traffic data to produce AADT and DHV, essential data in roadway planning and design, We might get skewed data that could make big loss. Therefore, He study have explored some imputation techniques such as heuristic methods, regression model, EM algorithm and time-series analysis for the missing traffic volume data using some evaluating indices such as MAPE, RMSE, and Inequality coefficient. We could get the best result from time-series model generating 5.0$\%$, 0.03 and 110 as MAPE, Inequality coefficient and RMSE, respectively. Other techniques produce a little different results, but the results were very encouraging.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.933-943
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify determinants for preferred funeral methods depending on socio-economic characteristics. In South Korea, the Act on Funeral Services, Etc. categorizes funeral methods into burial, inurnment, and natural burial. This study empirically analyzes how and what socio-economic characteristics affect choices among these three categories. Data is collected from Social Survey 2017 and funeral facilities in the country. The data to be analyzed is developed in terms of a hierarchy which puts the burial and cremation methods in an upper class and the inurnment and natural burial methods in a lower class. Based on this data, a nested logit model is employed to conduct empirical analysis. The analysis indicates that those characteristics that have a statistically significant influence on preferred methods include gender, age, householder, marriage, satisfaction with life, class awareness, monthly income, housing type, housing tenure type, and living in city area. Each variable's modulus of calculated direct and cross elasticity need to be used to analyze the outcome of a nested logit model. In this study, the modulus of direct and cross elasticity are determined for the significant variables. The calculated direct elasticity is applied to analyze the likelihood of choosing each funeral method when there are changes in the significant variables. When a particular method has been selected, on the other hand, the cross elasticity is utilized to analyze changes to the likelihood of choosing the other methods. One of the most notable results is related to natural burial. In order to meet the demand for natural burial, it is necessary to provide more burial sites and raise awareness of natural burial. This will facilitate the efficient use of national territorial space.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.465-478
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• 2002

We measured subsidences occurred in a coastal reclaimed land, Noksan industrial complex, from May 2, 1996 to February 21, 1998, using 5 interferograms of JERS-1 L-band SAR. SAR with a spatial resolution of about 16 m can detect the two-dimensional distribution of subsidence that is difficult to be estimated from in situ measurements. Accuracy of the subsidences estimated by 2-pass DInSAR was evaluated using the measurements of Magnetic Probe Extensometer (accuracy of :${\pm}$1 mm) installed at 42 stations. DInSAR measurements were well correlated with the field measurements showing an average correlation coefficient of 0.77. The correlation coefficient was further improved to be 0.87 (with RMSE of 1.44 cm) when only highly coherenced (>0.5) pixels were used. The slope of regression line was 1.04, very close to the unit value. In short, DInSAR measurements have a good linear relation with field measurements so that we can effectively detect a subsidence in the coastal reclaimed area especially using pixels of high coherence (>0.5). The maximum accumulated subsidence was about 60 cm in the study area, while the subsidence in the northern and south western areas were less than 20 cm. The resuts show that DInSAR is extremely useful for geotechnical applications as well as observation of natural deformation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.3-54
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• 1995

외환(外換) 및 자본자유화(資本自由化)의 진전에 따라 환율(換率)의 변동폭이 커지면서 환율(換率)이 국제수지(國際收支)에 미치는 영향에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 환율(換率)이 국제수지(國際收支)에 미치는 효과는 일차적으로 우리나라 수출입함수(輸出入函數)의 가격탄력성(價格彈力性)에 의해 결정되므로 정확한 탄성치(彈性値)를 추정하는 일은 이론적으로나 정책적으로 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 본고에서는 우리나라 수입함수(輸入函數)의 소득(所得) 및 가격탄성치(價格彈性値) 추정에 있어서 사용 가능한 두가지의 가격지수(價格指數), 즉 수입단가(輸入單價)와 수입물가(輸入物價) 중 어느 것을 사용하는 것이 바람직한 것인지를 살펴보고 이중 이론적으로 우월한 지수를 이용하여 수입함수(輸入函數)의 소득(所得) 및 가격탄성치(價格彈性値)를 추정하고자 하였다. 분석으로부터 얻는 중요한 결론(結論)은, 우리나라의 경우 수입함수(輸入函數)의 분석에 있어서 수입단가(輸入單價)보다는 수입물가(輸入物價)를 이용하는 것이 더 적합하리라는 점이다. 이는 또한 우리나라 실질(實質)GNP의 추계에 있어서 현재의 수입단가(輸入單價) 이용방식에서 수입물가(輸入物價) 이용방식으로 편제방법을 바꾸는 것이 바람직하다는 것을 의미한다. 이같은 결론은 이론적, 실증적인 변에서 아래와 같은 네가지 이유에 근거한다. 먼저 이론적인 면에서는 첫째, 수입단가(輸入單價)가 물가지수(物價指數)로서 갖추어야 할 통계적 일관성을 갖추지 못하고 있다는 점을 지적할 수 있다. 즉 수입단가(輸入單價)는 어느 일정 규격조건(規格條件)의 상품가격(商品價格)을 일관성 있게 추적하는 것이 아니므로 잡다한 품질규격의 평균가격(平均價格)으로 나타날 가능성이 높으며 이러한 변에서 가격변화(價格變化)를 정확히 반영하지 못한다. 둘째, 수입단가지수(輸入單價指數)는 가격변화(價格變化)가 전혀 없을 때에도 총수입(總輸入)의 품목별 구성(構成)이 바뀌면 변동하는 속성을 지니고 있어 가격변동(價格變動) 상황(狀況)을 오도할 가능성을 지니고 있다. 다음으로 실증적인 면에서는 첫째, 수입단가(輸入單價)를 이용한 수입함수(輸入函數)에서는 가격변수(價格變數)의 계수(係數)가 이론상 기대되는 것과는 반대되는 부호를 가짐으로써 수입함수(輸入函數))로서의 기본적인 요건을 만족시키지 못하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 단가지수(單價指數)를 이용한 경우 소득(所得)과 상대가격(相對價格)을 회귀변수로 하는 수입함수(輸入函數)에서 장기안정적인 균충관계(均衝關係)가 존재하지 않은 것으로 판명되었다. 반면 수입물가(輸入物價)를 이용한 수입함수(輸入函數)에서는 각 변수의 계수(係數)가 이론적 기대치에 부합하였으며 장기안정적인 균충관계(均衝關係)가 성립하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 한편 미국에서는 수출입단가지수(輸出入單價指數)의 문제점에 대한 오랜 연구 결과, 1989년부터 단가지수(單價指數)의 편제를 아예 중단하는 조치를 취한 바 있으며, GNP추계에 있어서도 종래의 수출입단가(輸出入單價) 대신 수출입물가(輸出入物價)를 이용하는 방식으로 그 편제방법을 변경한 바 있다.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 2009

This study was conducted to design and fabricate a heat pump that can produce some weather conditions similar to those of the dry season of the rough rice in Korea, and to investigate basic performances of the apparatus. During the drying test, the amount of energy consumption and drying characteristics were measured at four different temperature levels ranging between 20$^{\circ}C$ and 50${^{\circ}C}$. In the psychrometric chart, the freezing capacity and refrigerant circulation ratio of the heat pump were 173 kJ/kg and 49.6 kg/hr, respectively. Therefore, coefficient of performance was 5.5, which was superior to that of refrigerant R-22 (4.0) in standard refrigeration cycle. In addition, the time to reach target drying temperature (30${^{\circ}C}$) and relative humidity (40%) were 6 minutes and 7 minutes, respectively. Temperature differences between the drying temperature and the rice were 1.5${^{\circ}C}$ and 8.5${^{\circ}C}$ at the drying temperatures of 21.9${^{\circ}C}$ and 48.7${^{\circ}C}$, respectively. This result demonstrated that the increased temperature of the rice in the drying section decreased sufficiently in the tempering section. At the drying temperatures of 21.9, 30.7 38.8, and 48.7${^{\circ}C}$, drying rates were 0.29, 0.61, 0.85, and 1.26%/hr, respectively, which were similar to those of commercial dryer. In addition, the amounts of energy consumption were 325, 667, 692, and 776 kJ/kg, respectively. These results showed that this dryer saved up to 86% of energy consumption compared with the commercial dryer, which uses 4,000-5,000 kJ/kg of fossil fuel.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.113-122
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• 2017

This study was conducted to understand the factors influencing happiness of college students while focusing on meaning in life and to supply an interventional way for promotion of happiness of college students. The subjects were 205 students in C city and the data were collected from 20-30 October 2016. Data were analyzed based on themeans using an independent t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ method, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Significant differences were found in the happiness grades by sex (p=0.045), age (p=0.019), degree (p=0.038), satisfaction in major (p<0.001), and perceived health condition (p<0.001). Happiness was positively related to self-confidence (p<0.001), self-control (p<0.001), positive emotion (p<0.001), meaning in life (p<0.001), finding meaning in life (p<0.001), and search for meaning in life (p<0.001). Uponmultiple regression analysis, finding meaning in life, perceived health condition, and satisfaction withmajor accounted for 41.0% of the happiness, with finding meaning in life beingthe most influential factor.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.125-133
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• 2006

In this study, the Korean Industrial Standard(KS) penetration grade system was examined to evaluate its statistical validity. It was found from this limited study that the system has no gap between each grade, the binder falling out of limit trespasses into other binder grade. Therefore, many products can have similar property level with an adjacent grade even though the mean value is within the specification limit. It was also found out that the equal range setup of each grade, such as 20 for 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, has no statistical foundation. Since KS penetration grade is defined without gap between each grade, the producer must maintain the coefficient of variation below the level by the ASTM system to satisfy the normal quality control limit of products. Due to its lack of a gap between grades, higher percentage of products will be duplicated even if the mean is at the median of the specification limits due to material's quality uncertainty. Especially if the mean moves toward the upper limit, a half or more of the binder grade will be overlapped with the upper binder grade. Therefore, KS penetration specification should be immediately modified by statistically valid methodologies.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

The phenomena that we experience in everyday life such as snow, rain, wind, and temperature are referred to as weather, and the average state of atmospheric phenomena that occur over a long period of time in a specific region is referred to as climate. In addition, significant variation of climate compared to the average state is referred to as climate change. Concrete structures can have various problems when exposed to elements. Among the problems, the freeze-thaw problem due to extreme climatic factors such as heavy rain and snowfall has become a particularly significant issue recently. The concrete that has been subjected to repeated freeze-thaw rather than too high or low temperature shows serious degradation of durability, and the performance of structures with degraded performance is difficult to recover. Therefore, in this study, concrete durability performance with respect to freeze-thaw from curing conditions change due to wind speed and sunshine exposure time. Concrete freeze-thaw experiment are performed. using wind speed and sunlight exposure time. Also, performance based evaluation through the satisfaction curve based on the freeze-thaw test results are performed.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 2013

This study examined the radiopacity of eight contemporary luting cements by direct digital radiography. Five disc-shaped specimens ($5mm{\times}1mm$) were prepared for each material tested (BisCem, Clearfil SA Luting, Duolink, Maxcem Elite, Multilink Speed, Panavia F 2.0, RelyX Unicem Clicker, V-link). The specimens were radiographed using a Kodak CS 7600 image plate (Carestream Health, Inc., Rochester, NY, USA) and an aluminum step wedge with a range of thicknesses (1.5 to 16.5 mm in 1.5 mm increments) and a 1 mm tooth used as a reference. A dental X-ray machine Kodak 2200 Intraoral X-ray System (Carestream Health, Inc., Rochester, NY, USA), operating at 70 kVp, 4 mA, 0.156 s and a source-to-sample distance of 30 cm, was used. According to international standards, the radiopacity of the specimens was compared with that of an aluminum step wedge using NIH ImageJ software (available at http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/).The data was analyzed by ANOVA and a Tukey's post hoc test. Maxcem Elite (5.66) showed the highest radiopacity of all materials, followed in order by Multilink Speed (3.87) and V-link (2.83). The radiopacity of Clearfil SA Luting (1.35), BisCem (1.33), Panavia F 2.0 (1.29) and Duolink (1.10) were between enamel (1.79) and dentin (0.19). RelyX Unicem Clicker (0.71) showed the lowest radiopacity, which was higher than that of dentin. All materials showed a radiopacity above the minimum recommended by the International Organization for Standardization and the American National Standards/American Dental Association with the exception of RelyX Unicem Clicker.