• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.120-129
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• 2016

The user cost is an important analysis item which should be considered together with life-cycle of facility, administrator cost and discount rate in LCCA for efficient asset management of SOC facilities. Especially, a significant delay cost occurs often for users in the road field due to a work zone for cleaning and maintenance, and in such case, the administrator should consider the administrator cost as well as the user cost for more rational decision making. However, the user cost has not been considered in most decision making steps until recently and relevant studies also have not been carried out actively. In this study, the methodology to estimate the user cost and delay cost required in the decision making step using the traffic flow model and the direct benefit estimation model in the traffic facility investment evaluation guideline is suggested. And, the traffic flow model was estimated on 4 national highway sections where maintenance was actually carried out in 2014 using VISSIM and, the user cost and the delay cost were estimated based on the suggested methodology. The analysis result showed that the average user cost of $17,569,000KRW/km{\times}day$ occurred on Section A with approximately 30,000 AADT before a work zone occurred, and in case the first lane was blocked for maintenance, the delay cost of $10,193,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (158%) on average occurred additionally. The delay cost of $1,507,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (115%) and $1,985,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (119%) occurred on Sections B and D with approximately 20,000 AADT respectively and the delay cost of $262,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (105%) occurred on Section C with approximately 10,000 AADT. This result of this study was estimated based on the simulation of traffic flow model so that there is a limitation in its actual application. A study ot develop a highly appropriate model using actual observation data and improve the possibility to apply it through the verification using the simulation will be necessary in future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to evaluate the hydrological feasibility of heightening the Dae-ah reservoir in order to save instream flow at the Bong-dong station situated in the Mankyoung river. The results are summarized as follows. Firstly, from the Dong-sang and Dae-ah cascaded reservoir's water balance analysis, water supply indexes of the Dae-ah reservoir were analyzed to have the rate of water supply divided by watershed area of 1207.4 mm, the rate of water supply divided by rainfall of 95.8%, the rate of water supply divided by inflow of 153.1%, the rate of water supply divided by storage capacity of 236.1%, and the rate of inflow divided by storage capacity of 200.6%. Secondly, from the Dae-ah and Kyoung-cheon paralleled reservoir's water balance analysis, flow durations at the Bong-dong station were analyzed to have the Q95 (the 95th high flow) of $28.95m^3/s$, the Q185 (the 185th high flow) of $2.00m^3/s$, the Q275 (the 275th high flow) of $2.00m^3/s$, and the Q355 (the 355th high flow) of $0.82m^3/s$. Thirdly, in case of heightening the full water level of the Dae-ah reservoir of 10m, from the Dong-sang and Dae-ah cascaded reservoir's water balance analysis, water supply indexes of the Dae-ah reservoir were analyzed to have the rate of water supply divided by watershed area of 1220.7 mm, the rate of water supply divided by rainfall of 96.8%, the rate of water supply divided by inflow of 154.6%, the rate of water supply divided by storage capacity of 160.0%, and the rate of inflow divided by storage capacity of 137.0%. Fourthly, in case of heightening the full water level of the Dae-ah reservoir of 10m, from the Dae-ah and Kyoung-cheon paralleled reservoir's water balance analysis, flow durations at the Bong-dong station were analyzed to have the Q95 of $28.09m^3/s$, the Q185 of $1.79m^3/s$, the Q275 of $1.79m^3/s$, and the Q355 of $0.82m^3/s$. The conclusion appeared not to have the hydrological feasibility of heightening the Dae-ah reservoir from the reason that increased storage capacity does not increase water supply amount any more because of the high rate of the water supply divided by inflow.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.45-60
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• 2017

This study aims to elucidate the key improvements through the current state of customer support for smart home services based on the Internet of things and the evaluation of user's usage. Smart home services typically provide a wide range of value in terms of security, safety, manageability (electricity and water use), convenience, and remote management accessibility. In this study, we analyzed the current state of smart home service based on Internet of Samsung, SKT and LG U + companies in Korea. However, since LG U+ is the only company providing user reviews, there is a limit to generalization, but we are trying to figure out whether the customer value is conveyed properly or not, and in which part the customer support is focused to support the service. As a result of analyzing the results of the study, we found that the smart home service is commercialized and marketed in various forms. However, it is questionable whether the technological level and user satisfaction level are sufficiently satisfied. The results of this study are as follows. First, although each company provides usage guidance, they still ask many questions about joining products and using products. Second, there are many defects in the product itself, and it is found that the companies are not satisfied with the overall response. Third, the three companies are focusing on switches, outlets, sensors, and lamps. This is an individual intelligent product rather than an interlocking or linking level, and it can be seen that there are many parts that are not compatible with the concept of the original Internet of things. In conclusion, this study shows that there are still many areas to improve on the level of customer service provision of smart home service, in particular, the ease of use is low and the quality of products is not reliable. We would like to present the improvement of this in detail through this study and reflect the companies that provide it and the service providers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.953-961
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• 1998

Background : In recent years, lung cancer has been one of most common cause of death in Korea. Despite many physician's high degree of pessimism about the gains made in treatment, progressive improvement in the survival of lung cancer by treatment has occurred, particulary in the early stages of the disease. However, a lot of patients refuse treatment or give up in the fight against the disease. This study was done to evaluate factors influencing the compliance to therapy and to lead in the establishment of special programs to enhance compliance in patients with lung cancer. Methods: The medical records of 903 patients, whose ECOG(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status was 3 or less and whose medical record was relatively satisfactory, among 1141 patients diagnosed with lung cancer between January 1989 and December 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. Compliance was classified into three groups based on the degree of compliance with physicians practice guideline: (a) compliants; (b) patients who initially complied but gave up of themselves midway during the course of treatment; (c) noncompliants who refused the treatment. Results: The overall compliance rate was 63.9%, which was progressively increased from 57.3-61.3% in 1989 and 1990 to 64.2-67.5% in 1995 and 1996. Age, education level and occupation of patients bore statistically significant relationship with the compliance but sex, marital status and smoking history did not. The compliance was significantly higher in patients without symptoms than with, and was also significantly higher in patients with good performance status. The compliance was significantly high in patients with NSCLC(non-small cell lung cancer) compared to SCLC(small cell lung cancer), but after exclusion of stage I and II, among NSCLC, which had higher compliance to surgery there was no significant difference of compliance by histology. The compliance was significantly lower in advanced stage. Conclusion: To enhance the compliance, special care including education programs about therapy including complication and prognosis are necessary, especially for educationally and economically disadvantaged patients.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.159-167
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• 2015

RI-Biomics is a promising radiation convergence technology that combines radiation with bio science as new growth power technology. Many developed countries are focusing active support and constant exertion to dominate the RI-Biomics market in advance. In order to achieve global leadership in the RI-Biomics field, we need more highly advanced technologies and professional manpower. In fact, we have less manpower compared to technology we currently hold. In this study, we established a basic infrastructure to train professional manpower in the RI-Biomics field by developing/operating optimum training program through expert interviews and survey. The developed program has four organized sections to understand overall procedure of RI-Biomics. To evaluate our training program, we performed test operations with eight students who have a major related to RI-Biomics for three weeks in KARA (Seoul) and KAERI (Jung-eup). In detail, radioisotope usage and safety management were conducted for one week as basic course, RI-Biomics application technology was conducted for two weeks as professional course. To verify performance results of training program, we conducted to journal research, daily reports, and survey on participants. The results show a high level of satisfaction with training programs and continuous intention of involvement in our program. We also need to develop an intensive course to train high-quality human resources and to operate training program continuously. This training program will be used as basic materials for the development of RI-Biomics curriculum for university. Hence, we will expect that our training program contributes in training a professional manpower and develop RI-Biomics technology.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.253-264
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate growth characteristics, yield, chemical compositions and nutrients yield of corn hybrids for silage in the newly reclaimed hilly land. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The seeding time was at May 6. The harvest time of four treatments was milk stage (97 days), dough stage (105 days), yellow stage (112 days) and late yellow stage (119 days after seeding). Plant height, ear height, leaf numbers and ear length were highest in yellow stage (p<0.05, 0.01), but dead leaf, stem hardness and sugar degree (Brix) were higher in late yellow than other treatments. Leaf width, tip filling degree and fresh yield were not significantly different. Dry matter yield increased as the maturity stage progressed (p<0.01). Crude protein and crude fat were not significantly different. NDF and ADF decreased as the maturity stage progressed (p<0.01). Ca content was the highest at milk stage (p<0.05), Fe and P were the highest at dough stage (p<0.05, 0.01). However another minerals were not significantly different. Essential amino acid (EAA), nonessential amino acid (NEAA) and total amino acid were highest at yellow stage, but no significant differences were found among the treatments. Total free sugar contents were higher in the order of Milk > dough > yellow > late yellow stage, but no significant differences were found among the treatments. Crude protein yield was the highest at yellow stage, but crude fat yield, amino acid yield and TDN yield were highest at late yellow stage (p<0.01). Total mineral yield showed no significant difference. Based on the above results, yellow and late yellow stage compared to other maturity stage have been shown to increase dry matter yield and nutrients yield, when silage corn grow cultivate in the newly reclaimed hilly land.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2020

This study was conducted to research on the efficacy of chemical treatment as an effective method for reducing mycotoxin in rice straw silage. As a chemical treatment method, ammonia and sodium hydroxid were treated at 4% level of rice straws contaminated with mycotoxin, and the effects of silage storage on fungal toxin reduction, fermentation quality, and fiber digestion were evaluated. Aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂ and fumonisin B₁, B₂ as well as deoxynivalenol were not detected in all experimental groups, and ochratoxin A and zearalenone were detected. Ochratoxin A was detected lower in the chemical treatment than control (41.23 g / kg) (p<0.05). Zearalenone showed lower results in sodium hydroxide treatment (297.44 ㎍ / kg) than control (600.33 ㎍ / kg) and ammonia treatment (376.00 ㎍ / kg) (p<0.05). The pH of rice straw silage was the lowest in ammonia treatment and the highest in sodium hydroxide treatment (p<0.05). The lactic acid contents of control and ammonia treatments were similar, but sodium hydroxide treatment was the lowest (p<0.05). Propionic acid was higher in the control than in the chemical treatments (p<0.05), and showed similar contents in the ammonia and sodium hydroxide treatment. Both the rumen microbial degradation rate of NDF and ADF showed the highest in sodium hydroxide treatment, followed by ammonia treatment, and the control showed the lowest level (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study are demonstrated to have a good effect on the treatment of ammonia and sodium hydroxide to reduce the mycotoxins and increase the rumen microbial degradation rate in the rice straw silage. Sodium hydroxide treatment was more effective in reducing mycotoxins and improving fiber degradation rate than ammonia treatment, but it is thought to have an inefficient effect on silage fermentation in rice straw silage.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.119-129
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• 2009

Building construction trends have been changed dramatically in terms of size and mass. With the need to maximize land usage, there has been an increase in the construction of high-rise buildings. This affects not only the entire construction duration and cost, but also subsequent construction activities, such as work to increase underground facilities and in reclamation land area construction. These types of site conditions require soft ground reinforcement and the proper uplift water pressure treatment. In general, two kinds of methods have been used for uplift water pressure treatment systems. However, there have been some problems arising as the result of a lack of research and analysis on underground construction techniques, and a reliance on experiments over actual survey and analysis of site conditions. This paper focused on the problems of conventional selection procedure, by analyzing drawings and proposing a kind of modeling for a reasonable procedure. The results were applied to OO project as a sample construction case to be verified in this research. The initial plan in the case project was the Rock Anchor System. However, as there were terrible miscalculations of basic site conditions that had an extraordinary influence on the underground water level, such as the site's proximity to the Han-river, it was necessary to change the plan to include apermanent drainage system. This achieved a direct construction cost reduction \ 406,702,000 and a maximum sayings of 4% of operational cost, based on the 50-year building Life Cycle Cost.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.105-134
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• 2008

Local opposition and protest constitute single greatest hurdle to the siting of locally unwanted land uses(LULUs), especially siting of high-level radioactive disposal not only throughout Korea but also throughout the industrialized world. It can be attributed mainly to the NIMBYism, equity problem, and lack of participation. These problems are arisen from rational planning process which emphasizes instrumental rationality. But planning is a value-laden political activity, in which substantive rationality is central. To achieve this goals, we need a sound planning process for siting LULUs, which should improve the ability of citizens to influence the decisions that affects them. By a sound planning process, we mean one that is open to citizen input and contains accurate and complete information. In other word, the public is also part of the goal setting process and, as the information and analyses developed by the planners are evaluated by the public, strategies for solutions can be developed through consensus-building. This method is called as a co-operative siting process, and must be structured in order to arrive at publicly acceptable decisions. The followings are decided by consensus-building method. 1. Negotiation will be held? 2. What is the benefits and risks of negotiation? 3. What are solutions when collisions between national interests and local ones come into? 4. What are the agendas? 5. What is the community' role in site selection? 6. Are there incentives to negotiation. 7. Who are the parties to the negotiation? 8. Who will represent the community? 9. What groundwork of negotiation is set up? 10. How do we assure that the community access to information and expert? 11. What happens if negotiation is failed? 12. Is it necessary to trust each other in negotiations? 13. Is a mediator needed in negotiations?

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1528-1534
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• 2010

The antibacterial effects of seed decontamination during presoaking before sprouting as an intervention step for eliminating foodborne pathogens on red radish seeds were evaluated. The effect of seed decontamination on seed germination rate was also evaluated. Red radish seeds were inoculated (at a level of 3 to 4 log CFU/g) with Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 and decontaminated with 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite, 50 and 100 ppm chlorinated water, acidic electrolyzed water, low-alkaline electrolyzed water, and ozonated water for 6 hours. The control seeds were immersed in distilled water. The germination rate was measured on each treatment for 48 hours. Treatments with 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite, acidic and low-alkaline electrolyzed water were more effective than treatments with chlorinated water and ozonated water. Immersion in 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite resulted in the largest microbial reduction (more than 3 logs). Treatments with acidic and low-alkaline electrolyzed water reduced APC by 3 logs and L. monocytogenes counts by 2 logs. After sprouting, APC and L. monocytogenes counts on seeds treated with 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite, acidic and low-alkaline electrolyzed water were significantly lower than the control. The germination rate ranged from 93.5% to 97.7% except for 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite (from 82.3% to 84.8%) after 48 hours. Although the treatments tested in this study will not eliminate L. monocytogenes on inoculated red radish seeds, the results show that rapid growth of surviving cells during sprouting could be prevented if red radish seeds are given a presoak treatment used in combination with a disinfectant treatment of irrigation water.