• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.113-123
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to develop evaluation indicators forperformance improvement of horticultural therapy garden. In order to achieve a therapeutic purpose, the gardening activity held by the trained horticultural therapist. Moreover, horticultural therapy is 'a medical model' for the treatment and basic premise of the research was set, as horticultural therapy garden is characterized area to support activities of patients and horticultural therapist functionally and efficiently. For this study, three times of Delphi and AHP techniques were proceeded to export panels who were recruited by purposive sampling. Through these techniques, it was possible to deduct the evaluation indicator which maximizes the performance of the horticultural therapy garden. The evaluation items were prioritized by typing and stratification of the indicator. The results and discussions were stated as followings. Firstly, a questionnaire of experts was conducted to horticultural therapists and civil servants who were in charge of horticultural therapy. As results(horticultural therapists: 87.8%, civil servants: 75.2%), It is possible to conclude that both positions have the high recognition and agreed on the necessity of horticultural therapy. Secondly, Delphi investigation was conducted three times in order to develop the evaluation indicator for performance evaluation. After Delphi analysis, total 34 of evaluation elements to improve the performance of the horticultural therapy garden by reliability and validity analysis results. Thirdly, AHP analysis of each evaluation indicator was conducted on the relative importance and weighting. Moreover, the results showed 'interaction between nature and human' as the most important element, and in order of 'plan of the program', 'social interaction', 'sustainable environmental', and 'universal design rule', respectively. On the other hand, the exports from the university and research institute evaluated the importance of 'interaction between nature and human', while horticultural therapists chose 'plan of the program' as the most important element. Fourthly, the total weight was used to develop weight applied evaluation indicator for the performance evaluation of the horticultural therapy garden. The weight applying to evaluation index is generally calculated multiply the evaluation scores and the total weight using AHP analysis. Finally, 'the evaluation indicator and evaluation score sheet for performance improvement of the horticultural therapy garden' was finally stated based on the relative order of priority between evaluation indicators and analyzing the weight. If it was deducted the improvement points for the efficiency of already established horticultural therapy garden using the 'weight applied evaluation sheet', it is possible to expand it by judging the importance with the decision of the priority because the item importance decided by experts was reflected. Moreover, in the condition of new garden establishment, it is expected to be helpful in suggesting ways for performance improvement and in setting the guidelines by understanding the major indicators of performance improvement in horticultural therapy activity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.143-143
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• 2020

수도권에 용수를 공급하는 팔당유역은 경제, 사회, 환경적으로 매우 중요한 공공의 자산이며, 이러한 자산을 누리는 데에 이어 국민 모두가 공평한 혜택을 받을 필요가 있다. 수량과 수질의 만족도는 곧 지역민들의 복지이며, 복지는 삶의 질을 높여주는 것을 의미한다. 팔당유역에서는 인간의 개발행위로 인해 하천과 생태계의 지속적인 훼손과 방치가 발생하며, 팔당유역에 대한 수도권과 지역주민들의 사회적, 문화적 요구가 증가함에 따라 수자원의 안정적인 확보와 하천의 자연성 회복을 위해 유역 건전성 평가가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 팔당유역 수량과 수질의 평가지표에 대한 과거 10년 동안의 기초자료를 수집하여 SPSS를 통해 통계분석을 실시하였다. 통계분석을 통해 도출된 결과를 이용해 가중치를 산정한 후 각 하천에 대한 유역 건전성 지수산정과 등급평가를 하여 표준유역 규모의 하천 변화 정도에 대한 상세평가를 통해 지역별 현황을 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 수량에 대한 기초자료는 TANK모형을 통해 자연유출량을 산정 후 관측유량과의 차이를 이용하여 산출하였으며, 수질에 대한 기초자료는 물환경정보시스템을 통해 수집하였다. 기초자료를 기반으로 왜곡된 자료의 정규성 확보 및 표준화를 수행하고, SPSS 프로그램을 이용하여 요인분석을 실시한 후 적합성 검토를 통해 최종지표를 산정하였다. 산정된 지표를 주성분 분석에 의한 가중치, 엔트로피에 의한 가중치를 산정하여 비교 후 최종 가중치를 선정하였다. 유역 건전성의 최종평가를 위해 가중치와 지표를 이용하여 지수산정 및 등급화를 실시하였다. 유역 건전성의 등급화를 통해 연도별 하천환경의 변화를 모니터링 함으로써 하천의 가치 보전과 개발에 따른 영향을 최소화할 수 있으며, 하천기본계획 수립 시 기초정보로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.417-429
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• 2015

Evaluation of traffic data quality is a backbone of better traffic information and management systems because it directly affects the reliability of traffic information. This study developed an integrated index for evaluating the quality of archived intelligent transportation systems (ITS) data. Two novel indices including spatio-temporal consistency and severity of missing data were devised and integrated with existing indices such as availability and completeness. An evaluation framework was proposed based on the developed integrated index. Both analytical hierarchical analysis (AHP) technique and entropy method were adopted to derive mixed weighting values to be used for the integrated index. It is expected that the proposed methodology would be effectively used in enhancing the quality of traffic data as a part of traffic information system.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.4 s.30
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• pp.145-157
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• 2006

Generally, the method of the policy analysis has been used for making a policy decision of the development project of the road through the expert interview based on AHP. According to introducing PI, the study of the method of the integrating process for various opinion of the related groups is required. On this study I evaluate what is a difference between the results of integrated process and the AHP analysis on what is major considering factor in decision-making process. From the analysis, each evaluate factor is in level of significance by ANOVA. First, there is a significance level difference between Group A, C and Group B Second, there is also a significance level difference on the result of AHP analysis for each group in order to evaluate by integrated method. Finally, the method of AHP analysis which considers priority factor is expected as to be useful tool on decision-making of various group.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.703-706
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• 2008

Structural flood defensive alternatives have been evaluated based on economic feasibility, riskiness of safety and sustainability. Social problems associated with structural flood defensive alternatives such as dams, flood control channels, etc. are currently issued. The evaluation items of policy presented in KDI(2001) are should be modified in order to resolve the social problems. Hence, this study conducted a questionnaire survey of public servants, researchers, and engineers to obtain how to determine evaluation items for policy assessment and to compute their weights in the analytic hierarchy process. This study also compared the weights of the items in KDI(2000) with the weights from the survey in this study. The policy assessment weight was estimated higher than KDI(2000). This result suggests that social awareness increases and the analysis of policy becomes important for selecting optimal structural defensive alternatives.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.21-35
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• 2009

To propose a sound direction for river rehabilitation plan, the naturalness of the river must be evaluated. In this study, the conventional methods for evaluating the naturalness of rivers proposed by Park, et al. has been improved to estimate the weights for each items subject to assessment and applied adequate Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). To estimate the weights, survey was conducted on a group of 83 experts in Civil and Environmental Engineering with a customized questionnaire. The results of the survey were generalized and used to estimate the weights of each items. Among the 14 evaluation items that have been generated as a result of the estimation, a total of 7 weight values such as water quality, variations in water flow, vegetation around minor bed, curve of waterway, vegetation around flood plain, variety in minor bed width, and diversity of stream bed materials appeared to be high. The improved method for evaluating the naturalness of rivers was applied to Hoe-ya River, where the method has successfully discriminated the sections having low degree of naturalness. The proposed assessment method can be employed as a criterion to determine the business zones in the river environment maintenance projects.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.173-182
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• 2020

The government continuously improves the RPS system to expand the supply of renewable energy, but there has been criticism that more environmental aspects should be considered to reduce GHG emission. REC weights are differentiated according to renewable energy sources. Greenhouse gas emission is one of the decisive factors, and its value is set by experts' opinion. This study assigns LCA to get accurate value of GHG emission. The LCA calculates emitted greenhouse gases from entire process of fuel production, transportation, power plant construction, operation, and decommission. This study suggests a method to change the greenhouse gas reduction effect from the existing qualitative method to the quantitative method and evaluates them. As a result, the evaluation score is changed, but the tier interval is so large that it does not affect the REC weight. Therefore, this study suggests the way that directly reflect the greenhouse gas reduction effect in the REC weight.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.264-264
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• 2021

해수면 상승 및 인간의 활동으로 인한 해수 침투 영향 반경의 예측 및 모의에 대한 연구는 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 해수 침투 피해를 완화하기 위한 다양한 대응 방안이 시도되고 있다. 하지만 해수 침투 피해 대응 방안 등을 효율적으로 사용하기 위해서는 해수 침투 피해가 가장 활발히 일어나는 지역을 선정하고, 지역 특성에 맞는 대응 방안을 선정하는 과정이 필요하다. 기존의 해수침투 취약성 평가의 방법은 대수층 매개변수의 불확실성, 자료의 결측이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 또한, 평가 인자에 대한 자료 수집이 어렵고, 대수층에 대한 매개변수의 불확실성으로 직관적인 평가가 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 서해안의 도서지역을 제외한 연안지역을 대상으로 해수침투 취약성 평가 기법을 개발하였다. 해수침투에 대한 직관적인 해석을 위해 직접적인 영향을 미치는 수문 성분 중 해수면, 지하수위, 함양량, 지하수 이용량을 지표로 선정하고, 행정구역 단위로 자료를 수집하였다. 각각의 자료에 대한 평균, 기울기를 이용하였다. 각각의 인자에 대해서 객관적 가중치 산정 방법인 엔트로피 방법을 이용하여 가중치를 결정하였다. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)를 이용하여 가장 취약한 지역을 선정하였다. 객관적 가중치 산정 방법을 이용하여 자료를 통해 직접적인 평가 가능하며, 추세 분석을 통해 앞으로의 해수침투 취약성에 대한 전망도 가능하다. 평가 결과를 이용하여 해안의 지하수자원의 지속가능한 운영 관리를 위한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.546-551
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• 2023

일반적으로 딥러닝 모델은 모든 라벨에 데이터 수가 균형을 이룰 때 가장 좋은 성능을 보인다. 그러나 현실에서는 특정라벨에 대한 데이터가 부족한 경우가 많으며 이로 인해 불균형 데이터 문제가 발생한다. 이에 대한 해결책으로 오버샘플링과 가중치 손실과 같은 데이터 불균형 기법이 연구되었지만 이러한 기법들은 데이터가 적은 라벨의 성능을 개선하는 동시에 데이터가 많은 라벨의 성능을 저하시키는 부작용을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제를 완화시키고자 어텐션 기반의 앙상블 기법을 제안한다. 어텐션 기반의 앙상블은 데이터 불균형 기법을 적용한 모델과 적용하지 않은 모델의 출력 값을 가중 평균하여 최종 예측을 수행한다. 이때 가중치는 어텐션 메커니즘을 통해 동적으로 조절된다. 그로므로 어텐션 기반의 앙상블 모델은 입력 데이터 특성에 따라 가중치를 조절할 수가 있다. 실험은 에세이 자동 평가 데이터를 대상으로 수행하였다. 실험 결과로는 제안한 모델이 데이터 불균형 기법의 부작용을 완화하고 성능이 개선되었다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.517-526
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• 2014

This paper performed studies on a guide for an environmental assessment necessary to select railroad route optimally, and presented techniques for an environmental friendly route selection using AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) as an objective method. The AHP is an approach to decision making that involves multiple choice criteria into a hierarchy and assessing the relative importance of each criterion, and determining an overall ranking of the alternatives. For the purpose of this study, we established the weight and the order of major environmental assessment items based on the survey of experts. The results of the weight by AHP were in order of Fauna & Flora, Topography & Geology, Nature Environmental Assets, Noise & Vibration, Water Quality, Landscape and Air Quality indicating natural environment should be in priority. To develop the more efficient environmental friendly route selection systems, it is necessary to consider economical, technical, and social aspects in addition to environmental consideration.