• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.130-135
• /
• 2005

To investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Patrinia scabiosaefolia extracts against food-borne pathogens, we extracted the P. scabiosaefolia with methanol at room temperature and the fractionation of the methanol extracts was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the P. scabiosaefolia extracts was determined by using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extracts of P. scabiosaefolia showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei. Synergistic effect in inhibition was observed when P. scabiosaefolia extract was mixed Forsythiae fructus extract as compared to each extracts alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curves were determined by using ethyl acetate extracts of P. scabiosaefolia against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Shigella sonnei. The ethyl acetate extract of P. scabiosaefolia had strong antimicrobial activity against S. sonnei at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. At this concentration, the growth of S. Sonnei was retarded more than 72 hours and up to 48 hours for S. epidermidis. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate extracts of P. scabiosaefolia can be used for the efficient material against the growth of S. epidermidis and S. sonnei.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.121-140
• /
• 1999

The various oriental herbal medicines, which have usually been used for treatment of reducing fever, purging intense heat and detoxication, were screened to determine the antibacterial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration against pulmonary disease-causing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Among the 23 oriental medicines tested, the water-soluble extracts of Coptis japonica, Scutellaria baicalensis and Picrorrhiza kurrooa showed the antibacterial activity against K.pneumoniae and that of C. japonica against S. pyogenes. The antibacterial activities of C. japonica, Prunusmume, Schizandra chinesis, Scutellaria baicalensis were also found against S.pneumoniae. When C.japonica was used, the high antibacterial activity was shown against Bacillus subtilis and other extracts showed a little activity against B. subtilis and E. coli as a control. 2. The ethanol-soluble extracts of Patrinia scabriosaefolia, P. mume, S. baicalensis, S. chinesis showed the antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae and those of S. baicalensis, C. japonica, S. chinesis, P. mume agaist S. pyogenes and S. pnuemoniae. However, those extract showed a little antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli except for that the extract of C. japonica showed comparatively high growth inhibition of B. subtilis. 3. Among the medicinal herbs tested, the water and ethanol extrats of C. japonica showed very extcellent antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria and controls. 4. When the water-soluble extracts of C. japonica and S. baicalensis, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against K. pneumoniae were $10mg/m{\ell}$ and $22 mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. The MICs of the ethanol-soluble extracts of P. mume and P. scabriosaefolia were $5mg/m{\ell}$ and $20mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. 5. For the MICs against S.pyogenes, C. japonica showed $15mg/m{\ell}$ with the water-soluble extract and P. mume and C. japonica with the ethanol-souble extract did $5mg/m{\ell}$ and $10mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. 6. For the MICs against S. pneumoniae, C. japonica and P. mume with the water- and ethanol-souble extract showed $5mg/m{\ell}$ and $10mg/m{\ell}$, respectively. As a result, the highest antibacterial activity was found in the water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of C. japonica against pulmonary disease-causing bacteria, K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes. and S. pnuemoniae. Also, the water- and ethanol-soluble extracts of S.chinesis. P.mume, S.baicalensis, and P.kurrooa showed hight antibacterial activities.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2004

The root of Patrinia villosa Jussieu (Valerianaceae) has long been used for treatment of infectious diseases in Korea. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of the Patrinia villosa root water extract (PVWX) was investigated in proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2)-mediated rat paw edema. Paw edema was induced by injection of trypsin or $trans-cinnamoyl-LIGRLO-NH_2\;(tc-NH_2)$ into hindpaw of rats. PVWX. (10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) was orally administered 1 h before the induction of inflammation. At doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, PVWX. showed significant inhibition on both change in paw volume and vascular permeability. PVWX. (100 mg/kg) significant1y inhibited PAR2 agonists-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in paw tissue. These results indicate that PVWX has an anti-inflammatory action in PAR2-mediated paw edema.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.91-111
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze paejang system of the castle constructions In the late period of Chosun dynasty. Moreover, this study aimed to examine effects and influences of its constructional productivity. The results are as follow; 1. Paejang was originally a sort of military positions. Thereafter it had been adopted to the various fields like soonrapaes. Pae, which was a regular working unit organized with $30{\sim}50$ laborers, took charge of the works allocated with its own chargeable section. 2. The first adoption of paejang system was found at the construction of Ganghwa-oyseong in 1690. Since the period of King Yeongjo and Jeongjo, it was generally used as a working system. 3. Yoo Hyeongwon had early suggested that this system should be adopted as a reformative system because it had a perfect command system like Soko-je, the provincial military system. 4. At the constructions of Dongnae-upseong, Jeonjoo-upseong and Daegoo-upseong in the period of King Yeongjo, paes were organized to $40{\sim}60$units, and worked in the fields of masonry, carnage and picking of stones. 5. At the construction of Soowon-seong in the period of King Jeongjo, a large number of various paejangs participated in all of working fields. Especially masonry-paes were usually organized with over 100 units. 6. It was estimated that paejang system surely could guarantee saving labors and term of works. Moreover, it was a basis for the further development form of dogup-je, a contracted work system. 7. Paejang system was applied in the constructions of Buddhist temples since the middle period of 1700s and later, it was widely used in the constructions of palaces.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.37 no.4 s.147
• /
• pp.302-306
• /
• 2006

'Pae Jang (敗醬)' is one of Chinese crude drugs used mainly as a edema, abdominal pain and hemoptysis, etc. With regard to the botanical origin of 'Pae Jang', it has been considered to be Patrinia scabiosaefolia of Valerianaceae, but there has never been studied pharmacognostically. To clarify the botanical origin of the 'Pae Jang', we studied on the anatomical characteristics of the roots of three species growing in Korea. Through our studies, the botanical origin of 'Pae Jang' from Korea was proved to be the under ground portions of Patrinia scabiosaefolia and Patrinia villosa.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2012

Objective : In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological profile of the aqueous extract of $Patrinia$ $scabiosaefolia$ Fischer ex Link (EPS) and $Patrinia$ $villosa$ Jussieu (EPV) for its anti-asthmatic activities. The purpose of this study is to ascertain if EPS result in better anti-asthmatic activities and functional outcome as compared with EPV. Methods : In this study, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed intratracheally, intraperitoneally, and by aerosol allergen challenges. We investigated the effect of EPS, EPV on the recruitment of pulmonary inflammatory cells, various immune cell phenotypes, Th1/Th2 cytokine gene expression and production and histamine production in serum. Results : In BALB/c mice, we found that EPV-treated groups had more effectively suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration of lung and BALF, B220+IgE+, CD11b+Gr-1+ cell population in lung and these occurred by suppressing the gene expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-4 cytokine production in BALF and serum. Conclusions : These results suggest that EPV may play an important role in the control of anti-asthmatic activities by down-regulation of Th2 cytokine (especially IL-4, IL-5). In general, EPV has shown a better anti-asthmatic activities compared to EPS.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.863-867
• /
• 2004

Herba Patriniae(HP) has been known to exert anti-inflammation and -tumoral activity in Korea. However, its molecular mechanism of action is not understood. In this study, we found that HP extract induced apoptosis in androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells as evidenced by DNA fragmentation. Our data demonstrated that HP extract-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by inhibition of NF- κB activation, lowering effects of intracellular prostate specific antigen(PSA) and androgen reoeptor(AR) expression in a time dependent manner. Taken together, HP extract may inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer LNCaP cell associated with inhibition of NF- κB activation, PSA and AR expression and that of apoptosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.1125-1131
• /
• 2009

Lophatheri Herba, Patriniae Radix, Alli tuberosi Herba, and Menthae Herba have long been used externally for treatment of injuries or inflammations in Korea. This study was carried out to examine the anti-dandruff effect of the mixture made with equal parts of 70%-ethanol extracts of Lophatheri Herba, Patriniae Radix, Allii tuberosi Herba, and Menthae Herba (LPAM) and of each one above, compared with 1%-zinc pyrithione (Standard) used commercially as anti-dandruff. The results showed the mixture was more effective than each crude drug. The 10%-LPAM produced no toxicity in skin reaction test and eye irritation test, and showed significant antimicrobial activity against Pityrosporum ovale, the major cause of dandruff, and also showed significant anti-dandruff and itch-improvement effects on head skin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.958-961
• /
• 2003

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Kamipaejangjihwang-tang on chronic prostatitis. Fifty six patients with chronic prostatitis were enrolled this study. We administerd Kamipaejangjihwang-tang to patient during 45 days. Before and after treatment we measured NIH-CPSI(NIH chronic prostatitis symptom score index). After treatment NIH-CPSI was decreased significantly. This result indicated Kamipaejangjihwang-tang be useful for treatment of chronic prostatitis.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The object of this study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of Patrinia scabiosaefolia aqueous extract (PSE). Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with PSE and then incubated with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability, production of nitric oxide (NO), secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) were measured. In addition, we observed mice survival rate after LPS and their cytokine levels of serum. We also observed inflammatory and hemorrhagic change on the histological sections of the liver. Results: PSE inhibited LPS-induced NO production, interleukin (IL)-6 secretion, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. In addition, PSE reduced the death rate of LPS-induced mice and IL-6 production on the serum of mice. PSE inhibited inflammation and hemorrhage on liver tissue as well. Conclusions: The results suggest that PSE have anti-inflammatory effects by inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$ and JNK activation, IL-6 secretion, and NO production. So PSE may be effective treatment for the inflammatory disease.