• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.306-317
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationships among the Big Five personality traits, self-esteem, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction of employees and to investigate how these relationships vary depend on gender. Using data from 1183 employees from the 18th and 19th Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) in 2015 and 2016, we investigate the structural relationships among variables including multi-group path analysis by gender. This study found that openness to experience(${\beta}=.07$), conscientiousness(${\beta}=.19$), and extraversion(${\beta}=.09$) were positively associated with employees' self-esteem while neuroticism was negatively associated(${\beta}=-.09$). Second, only neuroticism among the Big Five personality traits was significantly related to job satisfaction(${\beta}=.08$). Third, conscientiousness(${\beta}=.08$) and agreeableness(${\beta}=.09$) were significantly related to life satisfaction. Fourth, self-esteem positively affected career satisfaction(${\beta}=.31$) and life satisfaction(${\beta}=.29$). Fifth, self-esteem mediated the links between all Big Five personality traits, except agreeableness, as well as job and life satisfaction. Sixth, the effect of extraversion on life satisfaction had differences between male and female. These results imply that self-esteem enhancement program based on the Big Five personality traits should be implemented in order to improve employee's job and life satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.236-247
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine how children's and parent's self-esteem relates to children's career maturity. Furthermore, this study explored how their influences would differ depending on gender. Data from 302 elementary school students in grades 4, 5, and 6 who participated in the 10th year survey (2015) were analyzed to verify structural relationships including multi-group path analysis by gender. Results were as follows: First, children's self-esteem (${\beta}=.519$, p<.001) statistically significant positive influences their career maturity as well as their father's (${\beta}=.247$, p<.01). However, mother's self-esteem (${\beta}=-.086$, p>.05) did not have a significant influence on their children's self-esteem. Second, the results of the multi-group path analysis showed that there was no gender differences among relationships. This study showed the importance of providing educational and counseling support to increase children's and father's self-esteem.

• Survey Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.25-59
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• 2017

The current study investigated how elderly husbands and wives' marital satisfaction and depression change over time and examined how changes in marital satisfaction account for changes in depression between and within the dyads. The longitudinal dyadic data from the first wave(2006) to the fifth wave(2014) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging(KLoSA), collected by the Korea Employment Information Service, were used for the analyses. Because husbands and wives are interdependent within couples, we applied statistical models for dyadic data. The dyadic growth model(DGM) was used to model the trajectories of marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms. In order to analyze the association of these growth factors, we proposed the dyadic growth actor-partner interdependence model(DG-APIM) and applied the model to the data. The results showed that on average the husbands' marital satisfaction was higher but decreased faster over the course of the study than the wives'. It also showed that the average depression of the husbands was lower than that of the wives but the husbands' depression increased faster than the wives' over the course of the study. The variance of the averages of husbands' (wives's) depression was accounted for by that of wives'(husbands') marital satisfaction, showing a partner effect. The variance of the slopes of husbands'(wives') depression was accounted for by that of marital satisfaction of themselves, showing an actor effect. The results showed that there is a longitudinal interdependence between husbands and wives' marital satisfaction and depression and supported the marital discord model of depression.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.50
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• pp.33-63
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• 2019

This study examines financial performance of nonprofit performing arts organizations to provide concrete suggestions and improve their financial performance so that they can build strategies to continue organizational activities. This study investigates empirical data of IRS 990 tax form of top 73 US orchestras and analyzed GLS pannel. Dependent variables are measured as contributions and ticket sales, and independent variables are measured as economic environment, cultural capital, orchestra characters, government grants, and social capital. Based on the finding from the research, determination of contribution outcomes is positively affected by state employment and orchestra's internal characteristics including age, size and conductor's US nationality, government grants, and volunteer. Ticket sales are affected by employment, education level, orchestra's resources, government grants, and volunteer. However, a size of cultural market negatively influences on financial outcomes and cultural capital doesn't influence on results. Interesting finding is a relationship between volunteers and organizations is vital of their fiscal achievement. This is significant in empirical analysis on nonprofit performing arts organizations from an economic view point, and will contribute on organizations to improve their strategic plan to sustain a business.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

Most of product designers use 3D CAD system as a inevitable design tool nowadays and many new products are developed through a concurrent engineering process. However, it is very difficult for novice designers to get the sense of reality from modeling objects shown in the computer screens. Such a intangibility problem comes from the lack of haptic interactions and contextual information about the real space because designers tend to do 3D modeling works only in a virtual space of 3D CAD system. To address this problem, this research investigate the possibility of a interactive quantified structure simulation for product design using AR(augmented reality) which can register a 3D CAD modeling object on the real space. We built a quantified structure simulation system based on AR and conducted a series of experiments to measure how accurately human perceive and adjust the size of virtual objects under varied experimental conditions in the AR environment. The experiment participants adjusted a virtual cube to a reference real cube within 1.3% relative error(5.3% relative StDev). The results gave the strong evidence that the participants can perceive the size of a virtual object very accurately. Furthermore, we found that it is easier to perceive the size of a virtual object in the condition of presenting plenty of real reference objects than few reference objects, and using LCD panel than HMD. We tried to apply the simulation system to identify preference characteristics for the appearance design of a home-service robot as a case study which explores the potential application of the system. There were significant variances in participants' preferred characteristics about robot appearance and that was supposed to come from the lack of typicality of robot image. Then, several characteristic groups were segmented by duster analysis. On the other hand, it was interesting finding that participants have significantly different preference characteristics between robot with arm and armless robot and there was a very strong correlation between the height of robot and arm length as a human body.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.76-80
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• 2002

'Liquid Crystal의 상전이(相轉移)와 광학적 이방성(異方性)이 1888년과 1889년 F. Reinitzer와 O. Lehmann에 의해 Monatsch Chem.과 Z.Physikal.Chem.에 각각 보고된 후 부터 제2차 세계대전이 끝난 뒤인 1950년대 까지는 Liquid Crystal을 단지실험실에서의 기초학문 차원의 연구 대상으로만 다루어 왔다. 1963년 Williams가 Liquid Crystal Device로는 최초로 특허 출원을 하였으며, 1968년 RCA사의 Heilmeier등은 Nematic 액정(液晶)에 저주파(低周波) 전압(電壓)을 인가하면 투명한 액정이 혼탁(混濁)상태로 변화하는 '동적산란(動的散亂)'(Dynamic Scattering) 현상을 이용하여 최초의 DSM(Dynamic Scattering Mode) LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)를 발명하였다. 비록 150V 이상의 높은 구동전압과 과소비전력의 특성 때문에 실용화에는 실패하였지만 Guest-Host효과와 Memory효과 등을 발견하였다. 1970년대에 이르러 실온에서 안정되게 사용 가능한 액정물질들이 합성되고(H. Kelker에 의해 MBBA, G. Gray에 의한 Cyano-Biphenyl 액정의 합성), CMOS 트랜지스터의 발명, 투명도전막(ITO), 수은전지등의 주변기술들의 발전으로 인하여 LCD의 상품화가 본격적으로 이루어지게 되었다. 1971년에는 M. Shadt, W. Helfrich, J.L. Fergason등이 TN(Twisted Nematic) LCD를 발명하여 전자 계산기와 손목시계에 응용되었고, 1970년대 말에는 Sharp에서 Dot Matrix형의 휴대형 컴퓨터를 발매하였다. 이러한 단순 구동형의 TN LCD는 그래픽 정보를 표시하는 데에는 품질의 한계가 있어 1979년 영국의 Le Comber에 의해 a-Si TFT(amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor) LCD의 연구가 시작되었고, 1983년 T.J. Scheffer, J. Nehring, G. Waters에 의해 STN(Super Twisted Nematic) LCD가 창안되었고, 1980년 N. Clark, S. Lagerwall 및 1983년 K.Yossino에 의해 Ferroelectric LCD가 등장하여 LCD의 정보 표시량 증대에 크게 기여하였다. Color화의 진전은 1972년 A.G. Ficher의 셀 외부에 RGB(Red, Green, Blue) filter를 부착하는 방안과, 1981년 T. Uchida 등에 의한 셀 내부에 RGB filter를 부착하는 방법에 의해 상품화가 되었다. 1985년에는 J.L. Fergason에 의해 Polymer Dispersed LCD가 발명되었고, 1980년대 중반에 이르러 동화상(動畵像) 표시가 가능한 a-Si TFT LCD의 시제품(試製品) 개발이 이루어지고 1990년부터는 본격적인 양산 시대에 접어들게 되었다. 1990년대 초에는 STN LCD의 Color화 및 대형화(大型化) 고(高)품위화에 힘입어 Note-Book PC에 LCD가 본격적으로 적용이 되었고, 1990년대 후반에는TFT LCD의 표시품질 대비 가격경쟁력 확보로 인하여 Note-Book PC 시장을 독점하기에 이르렀다. 이후로는 TFT LCD의 대형화가 중요한 쟁점으로 부각되고 있고, 1995년 삼성전자는 당시 세계최대 크기의 22' TFT LCD를 개발하였다. 또한 LCD의 고정세(高情細)화를 위해 Poly Si TFT LCD의 개발이 이루어졌고, 디지타이져 일체형 LCD의 상품화가 그 응용의 폭을 넓혔으며, LCD의 대형화를 위해 1994년 Canon에 의해 14.8', 21' 등의 FLCD가 개발되었다. 대형화 방안으로 Tiled LCD 기술이 개발되고 있으며, 1995년에 Sharp에 의해 21' 두장의 Panel을 이어 붙인 28' TFT LCD가 전시되었고 1996년에는 21' 4장의 Panel을 이어 붙인 40'급 까지의 개발이 시도 되었으며 현재는 LCD의 특성향상과 생산설비의 성능개선과 안정적인 공정관리기술을 바탕으로 삼성전자에서 단패널 40' TFT LCD가 최근에 개발되었다. Projection용 디스플레이로는 Poly-Si TFT LCD를 이용하여 $25'{\sim}100'$사이의 배면투사형과 전면투사형 까지 개발되어 대형 TV시장을 주도하고 있다. 21세기 디지털방송 시대를 맞아 플라즈마디스플레이패널(PDP) TV, 액정표시장치 (LCD)TV, 강유전성액정(FLCD) TV 등 2005년에 약 1500만대 규모의 거대 시장을 형성할 것으로 예상되는 이른바 '벽걸이TV'로 불리는 차세대 초박형 TV 시장을 선점하기 위하여 세계 가전업계들이 양산에 총력을 기울이고 있다. 벽걸이TV 시장이 본격적으로 형성되더라도 PDP TV와 LCD TV가 직접적으로 시장에서 경쟁을 벌이는 일은 별로 없을 것으로 보인다. 향후 디지털TV 시장이 본격적으로 열리면 40인치 이하의 중대형 시장은 LCD TV가 주도하고 40인치 이상 대화면 시장은 PDP TV가 주도할 것으로 보는 시각이 지배적이기 때문이다. 그러나 이러한 직시형 중대형(重大型)디스플레이는 그 가격이 너무 높아서 현재의 브라운관 TV를 대체(代替)하기에는 시일이 많이 소요될 것으로 추정되고 있다. 그 대안(代案)으로는 비교적 저가격(低價格)이면서도 고품질의 디지털 화상구현이 가능한 고해상도 프로젝션 TV가 유력시되고 있다. 이러한 고해상도 프로젝션 TV용으로 DMD(Digital Micro-mirror Display), Poly-Si TFT LCD와 LCOS(Liquid Crystals on Silicon) 등의 상품화가 진행되고 있다. 인터넷과 정보통신 기술의 발달로 휴대형 디스플레이의 시장이 예상 외로 급성장하고 있으며, 요구되는 디스플레이의 품질도 단순한 문자표시에서 그치지 않고 고해상도의 그래픽 동화상 표시와 칼라 표시 및 3차원 화상표시까지 점차로 그 영역이 넓어지고 있다. <표 1>에서 보여주는 바와 같이 LCD의 시장규모는 적용분야 별로 지속적인 성장이 예상되며, 새로운 응용분야의 시장도 성장성을 어느 정도 예측할 수 있다. 따라서 LCD기술의 연구개발 방향은 크게 두가지로 분류할 수 있으며 첫째로는, 현재 양산되고 있는 LCD 상품의 경쟁력강화를 위하여 원가(原價) 절감(節減)과 표시품질을 향상시키는 것이며 둘째로는, 새로운 타입의 LCD를 개발하여 기존 상품을 대체하거나 새로운 시장을 창출하는 분야로 나눌 수 있다. 이와 같은 관점에서 현재 진행되고 있는 LCD기술개발은 다음과 같이 분류할 수 있다. 1) 원가 절감 2) 특성 향상 3) New Type LCD 개발.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.356-365
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• 2022

Agrivoltaic systems, also called solar sharing, stated from an idea that utilizes sunlight above the light saturation point of crops for power generation using solar panels. The agrivoltaic systems are expected to reduce the incident solar radiation, the consequent surface cooling effect, and evapotranspiration, and bring additional income to farms through solar power generation by combining crops with solar photovoltaics. In this study, to evaluate if agrivoltaic systems are suitable for viticulture, we investigated the microclimatic change, the growth of vines and the characteristics of grape grown under solar panels set by planting lines compared with ones in open vineyards. There was high reduction of wind speed during over-wintering season, and low soil temperature under solar panel compared to those in the open field. There was not significant difference in total carbohydrates and bud burst in bearing mother branches between plots. Despite high content of chlorophyll in vines grown under panels, there is no significant difference in shoot growth of vines, berry weight, cluster weight, total soluble solid content and acidity of berries, and anthocyanin content of berry skins in harvested grapes in vineyards under panels and open vineyards. It was observed that harvesting season was delayed by 7-10 days due to late skin coloration in grapes grown in vineyards under panels compared to ones grown in open vineyards. The results from this study would be used as data required in development of viticulture system under panel in the future and further study for evaluating the influence of agrivoltaic system on production of crops including grapes.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

One of the basic physical properties of the hardened cement paste, the rigidity, is deteriorated during concrete matrix forming, depending on the replacement rate of the crushed stone powder, and due to drying shrinkage. Therefore, the concrete containing crushed stone powder has been limitedly used as non-structural construction material. To improve these disadvantages, a hydrothermal reaction employing method can be considered. High-temperature and high-pressure water is involved in the hydrothermal reaction in the mixing with specific materials. The rigidity improving mechanism is related to the synthesis of calcium silicate. The calcium silicate is produced through reaction between calcium compounds and the silicic acid. Various kinds of calcium silicate can be produced depending on the CaO/$SiO_2$ mole ratio, the temperature of the hydrothermal synthesis, the pressure, and the reaction time. The product of the synthesis mechanism, tobermorite crystal, plays a pivotal role for the rigidity reinforcement. The crushed stone powder, analyzed in this study, contains 50 to 60% of $SiO_2$ and 10 to 20% $Al_2O_3$. The composite rate is appropriate to create the tobermorite crystal through formation of hardened cement matrix under the hydrothermal synthetic conditions and with the CaO in the cement. Moreover, further reinforcement was promoted using the property of material under the identical density through promoting the formation of tobermorite crystal.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.33-61
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• 2015

The global economy is rapidly changing by technological innovation and diffusion of knowledge across nations. Therefore it is still important issue to find a major variables for convergence and divergence of economic development. The studies up to present on the relationship between innovation and institution has limitations that they have dealt with this issue only in term of cross-sectional study or mathematical research models. This paper aims at analyzing the impact of innovation capabilities and institutional quality on the economic growth. Empirically this paper will explore the relationship among human capital capacity and FDI, R&D expenditures and innovation capabilities and institutional quality. This paper analyzes 64 countries, which were divided into 4 groups depending on the level of economic development. Based on the data from 1995 to 2011 and by using a panel model, we look at the structural implications of the research questions. According to our analysis, the weight of R&D and the innovation capabilities were identified as important determinants of economic growth, and FDI was significant factor for economic growth in the upper middle group countries. In case of the innovation capabilities of countries, the diffusion and openness of innovation were most meaningful variables for economic growth. Also, institutional quality has a significantly positive impact. However, in the low-level economic group, innovation capabilities and institutions have a negative impact on economic growth. This paper identifies an important policy implications that of national innovation and institutional factors should be properly invested in accordance with the level of a country's economic growth.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.116-124
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• 2009

Recently the CPU performance of modem chipsets or multimedia processors of mobile phone is as high as notebook PC. That is why mobile phone has been emerged as a leading ICON on the convergence of consumer electronics. The various applications of mobile phone such as DMB, digital camera, video telephony and internet full browsing are servicing to consumers. To meet all the demands the image quality has been increasingly important. Mobile phone is a portable device which is widely using in both the indoor and outside environments, so it is needed to be overcome to deteriorate image quality depending on environmental light source. Furthermore touch window is popular on the mobile display panel and it makes contrast loss because of low transmittance of ITO film. This paper presents the image enhancement algorithm to be embedded on image enhancement SoC. In contrast enhancement, we propose Clipped histogram stretching method to make it adaptive with the input images, while S-shape curve and gain/offset method for the static application And CIELCh color space is used to sunlight readability enhancement by controlling the lightness and chroma components which is depended on the sensing value of light sensor. Finally the performance of proposed algorithm is evaluated by using histogram, RGB pixel distribution, entropy and dynamic range of resultant images. We expect that the proposed algorithm is suitable for image enhancement of embedded SoC system which is applicable for the small-sized mobile display.