• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

This study was performed to establish analysis methods, and evaluated for grayanotoxin in domestic/foreign honey and wild honey. The molecular weight of grayanotoxins I, II and III, excluding grayanotoxin III that has been commercialized, were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Then, the molecular structure of grayanotoxins I and II were analyzed by NMR. A total 111 samples (25 Korean honey, 21 Korean wild honey, 13 Korean honeycomb honey, 44 foreign honey, 8 foreign wild honey) were examined to determined whether or not each sample contained grayanotoxins I, II, and III. The honey samples were mixed with methanol and loaded into a tC18 cartridge, the filtrate was diluted with water, and the mixture was then analyzed by ESI triple-quadrupole LC-MS/MS. Grayanotoxins were only found in the foreign wild honey and were not detected in Korean honey, Korean honeycomb honey, or Korean wild honey. Three of the samples contained grayanotoxin I, II, and III, and one sample contained only grayanotoxins I and III. The lowest level for grayanotoxin I was 3.13 ${\pm}$ 0.00 mg/kg, and the highest level was 12.93 ${\pm}$ 0.01 mg/kg. The levels of grayanotoxin II were 0.84 ${\pm}$ 0.01 mg/kg, 0.92 ${\pm}$ 0.00 mg/kg and 1.08 ${\pm}$ 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The lowest level of grayanotoxin III was 0.25 ${\pm}$ 0.01 mg/kg and the highest level was 3.29 ${\pm}$ 0.74 mg/kg. Through this study, safety management for foreign wild honey has been enabled.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.438-449
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• 1994

This paper focuses on recontextualizing geography curriculum, i.e. examining recent changing aspects in three geography curriculum locators-society, student and discipline of geography-and searching future directions of geography curriculum in light of such changes. For conciliation and reflection of changing aspects of each locators, this paper dealt with social issues and societal changes in terms of locator of society, increased concern to student and development of cognitive science in terms of students, and challenging views on science and the meaning of epistemological changes in geography in terms of discipline. As a result, three future directions in geography curriculum are searched : issue-based geography curriculum, thinking geography curriculum, geography curriculum toward equity and accessbility.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.284-294
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the flora of habitats distributed with Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum populations in the South Korea. The vascular plants were surveyed 4 times from March 2009 to June 2010. The flora of studied area was listed as 214 taxa; 64 families, 142 genus, 181 species, 2 subspecies, 30 varieties, 1 forma. According to the specific plant species by classes, class I has 17 taxa; 15 families, 16 genus, 15 species, 2 varieties. Class II has 16 taxa; 13 families, 16 genus, 15 species, 2 varieties. Class III has 20 taxa; 16 families, 19 genus, 18 species, 2 varieties. Class III has 20 taxa; 16 families, 19 genus, 18 species, 2 varieties. Class IV has 23 taxa; 20 families, 23 genus, 19 species, 4 varieties. Class V has 2 taxa; 2 families, 2 genus, 2 species. Rare plant was 12 taxa; 9 families, 11 genus, 10 species, 2 varieties. Endemic plant was 21 taxa; 17 families, 19 genus, 18 species, 3 varieties. Endangered plant was not present in study area. It was considered that the ecosystem was probably stabilized for nothing of naturalized species and ecosystem disturbance species there. The characteristics of growth environments in the habitats with Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum were considered to be related to valley species and subalpine species such as Actinidia polygama, Cornus controversa, Rhododendron brachycarpum and Sorbus commixta.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.4-17
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• 2019

Both as a means of improving North-South relations, as well as a necessary component for carrying out research on the past of the Korean peninsula, interest in North Korean cultural resources has been growing in South Korean society. As a result, studies have begun to look beyond North Korean cultural resources themselves and attempt to determine how cultural resources are managed in North Korea. Such studies have tended to investigate laws related to the management of cultural heritage in North Korea, but information gleaned from laws alone is limited. To provide a more complete picture, research must also investigate how cultural resource management laws are applied and enforced and also take into consideration aspects of cultural resource management that are not directed or regulated by law. In this study, we refer to the current National Cultural Resources Protection Laws in order to investigate systems of cultural resource management in North Korea. Furthermore, we conducted interviews with a former North Korean national who had until recently worked as a director of historical sites in North Korea. Through comparisons of information relating to organization, labor power, responsibilities, budget, and other factors of cultural resource management gained through the interviews and the 'National Cultural Resources Protection Laws,' we hoped to gain a fuller understanding of the reality of cultural resource management in North Korea. As a result, we were able to gain a better understanding of the organization and tasks related to cultural resource management and, at the same time, clarify some of the provisions that were unclear in the laws. Throughout the process, we were also able to determine that the management of cultural resources in North Korea is currently inadequate. However, because this study focuses on a specific region and is limited only to historical sites, it is difficult to generalize our findings to the entirety of cultural resource management in North Korea. In order to gain an objective and more accurate understanding of the current state of cultural resource management in North Korea, information must be collected at many levels to be synthesized and compared.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.148-155
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• 2002

Multithreaded models improve the efficiency of parallel systems by combining inner parallelism, asynchronous data availability and the locality of von Neumann model. This model executes thread code which is generated by compiler and of which quality is given by the method of generation. But multithreaded models have the demerit that execution model is restricted to a specific platform. On the contrary, Java has the platform independency, so if we can translate from threads code to Java bytecode, we can use the advantages of multithreaded models in many platforms. Java executes Java bytecode which is intermediate language format for Java virtual machine. Java bytecode plays a role of an intermediate language in translator and Java virtual machine work as back-end in translator. But, Java bytecode which is translated from multithreaded models have the demerit that it is not secure. This paper, multhithread code whose feature of platform independent can execute in java virtual machine. We design and implement translator which translate from thread code of multithreaded code to Java bytecode and which check secure problems from Java bytecode.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.553-578
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• 2015

The Korean society was forcefully merged with the invasion of Japan in 20th century, and traditional culture of Korea was damaged severely by colonization from Japan. After liberation, Korean society experienced drastic social change with Korean War, and industrial economy and democratic system developed as modernization and democratization occurred. However, Korean traditional culture dissolved more severely as Korean society developed industrial economy and democracy. As criticism of existing Western center of society and the emphasis of cultural identity of non-western regions and third-world, world society preferred exchange of culture of diverse nations and people with each other in advent of postmodernism thoughts in mid-late 20th century. If the cultural identity of Korea was dissolving meanwhile, it was needed to be recovered again. Despite the research in Korean history, language, art, architecture was performed to recover cultural identity of Korea, it did not go in-depth with Korean mythology, for Korean mythology is considered as superstition or savage. Mythology shows subconscious group psychology of people who live in certain specific region. Studying Korean mythology is one of the ways to rediscover cultural identity of Korea. In order for Korean mythology to be known to many people, its stories should be told by media. There were movies, plays, drama, and novels produced based on existing Korean mythology as introduction, then these mythical stories are appear in subculture contents such as recent comics, animation, webtoon, games, and light novels. Then population of game players and webtoon readers increased as dissemination of PC and smart phones, and increasing market scale of subculture contents increased a population of consumers of comics, animation, and light novel. Consumers of sub-culture contents were interested as many of these contents were created, base on Korean mythology. Therefore, this paper is written as research on Korean mythology and its signification in sub-cultural contents which were produced base on Korean mythology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.840-850
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• 2010

The present study was attempted to find the effects of structural properties of phosphorus on the water quality of Gyehwa reservoir in Saemangeum. Relationship of phosphorus fractions between water and sediment properties was closely examined, and a few types of phosphorus were found from the sample sediment as : Saloid-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Ca-P, Red-P and Occd-P. Saloid-P (1.4%), Al-P (0.5%), Fe-P (39.8%), Ca-P (56.6%), Red-P (0.4%), Occd-P (1.3%) were extracted in a mass basis from the sediment of Gyehwa reservoir. Approximately more than 97% of phosphorus were calcium related phosphorus (Ca-P, 56%) and iron bound phosphorus (Fe-P, 39.8%). The Fe-P closely relates with water quality of T-N (r=0.761, p<0.05), $NO_3$-N (r=0.754, p<0.05), $NH_4$-N (r=0.728, p<0.05), T-P (r=0.774, p<0.05) and $PO_4$-P (r=0.767, p<0.05) while the Ca-P did not show any consistent dependency on the water quality. On the other hand, the correlation of Ca-P with $P_2O_5$ was high with r=0.783 (p<0.05) in the sediment. The Fe-P was affected significantly on the Ignition Loss (r=0.569, p<0.05), T-N (r=0.715, p<0.05) and T-P (r=0.983, p<0.01). In the research of correlation between phosphorus fraction and heavy metals in the sediment, Ca-P did not show any specific relationships with heavy metals. The Fe-P showed a significant correlation with As (r=0.817, p<0.01), Cu (r=0.793, p<0.05), Cd (r=0.786, p<0.05), Zn (r=0.738, p<0.05), so that it can be stated that the presence of Fe-P may implicate the volume of various metallic elements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.4
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• pp.493-512
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data necessary for establishing a vegetation management plan for the Yeongcheon River area by presenting a better understanding of the distribution and characteristics of naturalized plants through an investigation of the flora present in the Yeongcheon riverside, in Jinju, South Korea. Vascular plants were investigated for a total of 470 taxa, including 90 families, 282 genera, 425 species, one sub-species, 38 varieties, and six forms. Together, these accounted for 9.62% of the vascular plants (4,881 species) in Korea. Gramineae was the most abundant at 77 taxa (16.38%), followed by Cyperaceae at 56 taxa (11.91%), Leguminosae at 33 taxa (7.02%), Cyperaceae at 25 taxa (5.32%), and Rosaceae at 22 taxa (4.86%). Thirty species of indicator plants were surveyed and, among them, annual plants and hemicryptophytes accounted for a significantpercentage. Among ground plants, trees, shrubs, and sub-shrubs were surveyed to include 23 (4.89%), 17 (3.61%), and 14 taxa (2.97%), respectively. Furthermore, 36 aquatic plant taxa were found. Six rare plant taxa were surveyed including Penthorum chinense, Melothria japonica, Aristolochia contorta, Acorus calamus, Millettia japonica, and Magnolia kobus. Floristic special plants comprised 35 taxa,including 26 families, 34 genera, 34 species, and one variety. Plants endemic to Korea included six species. Naturalized plant species comprised 71 taxa, including 18 families, 53 genera, 68 species, and three varieties. The naturalization rate and urbanization index were 15.1% and 22.1%, respectively. Ecological disturbance species in Korea comprised nine taxa, including four families, eight genera, eight species, and one variety. These groups accounted for 64% of the ecological disturbance species in Korea. Ecological disturbance species in Korea tended to increase toward the downstream of Yeongcheon River. In particular, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Sicyos angulatus, which cause human allergies and disrupt the habitats of plants and animals, must be removed artificially.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 2007

Backgrounds: Mutations of katG and inhA (ORF and promoter) are known to be related to isoniazid (INH) resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Because reports on these mutations in Korean isolates are limited (i.e. only the frequency of katG codon 463 was evaluated.), we tried to know the kinds of mutations of two genes and their frequencies in INH resistant Korean M. tuberculosis strains. Methods: PCR was performed to amplify katG (2,223 bp), inhA ORF (-77~897, 975 bp), and inhA promoter (-168~80, 248 bp) from 29 multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB) DNAs prepared by bead beater-phenol method. Their sequences were determined and analyzed by ABI PRISM 3730 XL Analyzer and MegAlign package program, respectively. Results: All of the isolates had more than one mutation in katG or inhA gene. Twenty seven (93%) of 29 tested strains had katG mutations, which suggests that katG is a critical gene determining INH resistance of M. tuberculosis. Amino acid substitutions, such as Arg463Leu and Ser315Thr, due to point mutations of the katG were the most frequent (62.1% and 55.2%) mutations. In addition, deletion of the katG gene was frequently observed (17.2%). Analyzed Korean MDR-TB isolates also had variable inhA mutations. Point mutation of inhA promoter region, such as -15 ($C{\rightarrow}T$) was frequently found. Substitution of amino acid (Lsy8Asn) due to point mutation ($AAA{\rightarrow}AAC$) of inhA ORF was found in 1 isolate. Interestingly, 14 point mutated types that were not previously reported were newly found. While four types resulted in amino acid change, the others were silent mutations. Conclusions: Although it is not clear that the relationship of these newly found mutations with INH resistance, they show marked diversity in Korean MDR-TB strains. It also suggests their feasibility as a molecular target to supplement determining the INH resistance of clinical isolates because of the possible existence of low-level INH resistant strains.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.145-157
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• 2017

SMEs play an important role in the domestic economy. Regarding competency to respond flexibly to unpredictable changes, agility of SMEs is more emphasized. Entrepreneurship orientation is an important factor in the source of SMEs that enable such competency. Entrepreneurial orientation refers to the tendency of a CEO or a member of a corporation to be innovative, risk-taking, and active in the face of various market opportunities. In other words, it refers to the tendency to be expressed in the activities of the entire company without regard to specific technologies or industries. Entrepreneurial orientation has a direct or indirect effect on business performance. Therefore, in this study, we conducted theoretical and empirical studies on the effect of entrepreneurial orientation of SME managers on business performance. Research hypotheses were derived through theoretical research. We focused on the mediating effect of innovation activity and tried to identify the mechanism that entrepreneurial orientation leads to business performance through product innovation and service innovation activity. We investigated whether innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking, which are sub-variables of entrepreneurial orientation, affect business performance through product innovation and service innovation. We conducted a survey of SMEs in Busan and Kyungnam regions to examine the research hypotheses. The results show that product innovation and service innovation have mediating effects. The results of the study are as follows. Product innovation has mediating effect of innovativeness and risk-taking on business performance. Service innovation has been found to mediate innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking on business performance. There was a difference in the mediation effect between the two innovations. Product innovation showed a low mediating effect and a large direct effect. On the other hands, service innovation is relatively more mediating than product innovation. The implications of the research results are derived in relation to the essential differences between product innovation and service innovation. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are presented.