• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.341-368
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• 2023

Distribution of plant resources in Mt. Baekseok located at Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, were surveyed for a total 17 times from April 2021 to September 2022. The result of this survey revealed 628 taxa, consisting of 99 families, 346 genera, 552 species, 20 subspecies, 49 varieties, 6 forms, and one hybrid. Among them, 21 taxa were endemic plants to Korea, 12 taxa were red list plants by the Ministry of Environment and 560 taxa were red list plants by the Korea Forest Service. The floristic target species amounted to 164 taxa, specifically one taxon of grade V, 20 taxa of grade IV, 52 taxa of grade III, 53 taxa of grade II, and 38 taxa of grade I. In addition, 34 taxa were classified as plants adaptable to climate change. 42 taxa of alien plants and 3 taxa of ecosystem disturbance species were also found in this area. Useful plants listed consists of 246 taxa (39.2%) of edible plants, 215 taxa (34.2%) of pasture plants, 187 taxa (29.8%) of medicinal plants, 75 taxa (11.9%) of ornamental plants and 22 taxa (3.5%) of timber plants, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.314-340
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• 2023

Vascular plants of Yeonhwasan Mt., located in Taebaek-si, Gangwon-do, were investigated. Field surveys were conducted fourteen times between April and September of 2022. A total of 505 taxa were found consisting of 87 families, 282 genera, 441 species, 15 subspecies, 41 varieties, and 8 forma. Among them, the endemic plants of Korea were 22 taxa. The number of threatened and near threatened Red List plants designated by the Korean National Arboretum was four, comprising each one of critically endangered (CN), endangered (EN), vulnerable (VU), and near threatened (NT) species. The number of floristic target plants designated by the Ministry of Environment was 102, including one taxon of level V, 9 taxa of level IV, and 34 taxa of level III. Invasive alien plants were 34 taxa, and three taxa were ecosystem disturbance plants. The urbanization index of investigated site was 12.8%, and the naturalization index was 6.7%. To wisely manage Yeonhwasan, measures for preserving biodiversity and preventing invasive plants are needed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 2023

The germination characteristics of Pseudolysimachion kiusianum var. diamantiacum (Nakai) T.Yamaz., a rare and endemic plant designated by the Korea Forest Service, were investigated according to light conditions, temperature, and pretreatment. As a result of the germination experiment according to light conditions, it was determined that P. kiusianum is a photoblastic seed that does not germinate at all in dark conditions. The optimum germination temperature of the seeds was found to be 20-25℃, considering the final germination rate and germination time. Three growth regulators (IAA, GA₃, kinetin) and two inorganic salts (KNO₃, KCl) were pretreated to improve the germination rate of P. kiusianum seeds. The growth regulators IAA and kinetin had no significant effect on improving the germination rate of P. kiusianum seeds. On the other hand, GA₃ significantly increased the final germination percentage and germination rate regardless of the concentration, especially the treatment of more than 500 mg·L^-1 at 20℃ was more than 4 times more effective than the untreated. The inorganic salts KNO₃ and KCl had no significant effect on the seeds of P. kiusianum at low concentrations, but at higher concentrations (40 mM and 300 mM, respectively), they improved the germination rate and germination age by 2 times compared to the untreated. The results of this study will be useful for the mass propagation of P. kiusianum, which has the potential to be utilized as a native plant for restoration.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2021

곤달비(Ligularia stenocephala)는 쌍떡잎식물, 국화과의 다년생 초본식물로서 한국·일본·타이완·중국 등에 분포하고, 우리나라는 전남 홍도가 특산 자생지이며 주로 강원도, 경북 경주, 전북 남원 등지에서 재배되고 있다. 곤달비는 어린 부분을 생채, 데친 나물, 국거리, 튀김, 묵나물로 식용한다. 특수 성분으로는 Isopropenyl, dimethoxybenzofuran, Liguhodgsonal, Ligujapon, Ligularinone A, Ligularinone B 등이며 신경을 안정시키는 진정작용, 진통억제, 정기를 보익하고 허약함을 보하는 기능이 있고, 한방에서는 뿌리가 신경통, 유종(乳腫) 등에 쓰인다. 곤달비는 주로 시설하우스나 노동력이 많이 드는 임간에서 재배되어 생산 단가가 높아 소비활성화를 위한 가공제품을 생산하기가 힘들며, 육묘 또한 시설하우스에서 주로 이뤄지고 있다. 본 연구는 곤달비 노지육묘 파종시기별 생육특성을 구명하여 노지재배 생력화 재배기술을 확립하고자 2019년 4월부터 2020년 11월까지 전라북도농업기술원 허브산채시험장(해발 500m)에서 수행하였다. 춘파는 2019년 4월 상순, 5월 상순, 6월 상순에 각각 파종하였고 추파는 2019년 9월 상순, 중순, 하순에 파종하였다. 본포 정식은 춘파는 2019년 6월 말에, 추파는 2020년 4월 말에 식재하였으며, 파종시기별 발아율, 활착률, 생육특성, 수량성 등을 조사한 결과 파종시기별 발아율은 춘파가 35.0%로 추파 30.7%보다 높았으며, 발아 소요일수는 추파 육묘에서 8.3일로 춘파 육묘 9.3일보다 빨랐다. 파종시기별 정식시 묘소질은 춘파가 추파보다 좋은 생육상태를 보였고, 정식 후 육묘 활착률은 추파가 99.3%로 춘파 94%보다 높았고, 생존율 또한 추파 육묘에서 99.3%로 춘파 육묘 96.3%보다 높았다. 파종시기별 생육특성은 처리간 유의한 차이는 없지만 춘파에서 좀 더 좋은 생육을 보였으며, 수확량은 춘파 처리구에서 798.6kg/10a로 추파 처리 621.4kg/10a보다 높았다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2020

곤달비(Ligularia stenocephala)는 쌍떡잎식물, 국화과의 다년생 초본식물로서 한국·일본·타이완·중국 등에 분포하며, 우리나라에는 전남 홍도가 특산 자생지라고 하며 주로 강원도, 경북 경주, 전북 남원 등지에서 재배되고 있다. 곤달비는 어린 부분을 생채, 데친 나물, 국거리, 튀김, 묵나물로 식용한다. 특수 성분으로는 Isopropenyl, dimethoxybenzofuran, Liguhodgsonal, Ligujapon, Ligularinone A, Ligularinone B 등이며 신경을 안정시키는 진정작용, 진통억제, 정기를 보익하고 허약함을 보하는 기능이 있고, 한방에서는 뿌리가 신경통, 유종(乳腫) 등에 쓰인다. 곤달비는 주로 시설하우스나 노동력이 많이 드는 임간에서 재배되어 생산 단가가 높아 소비활성화를 위한 가공제품을 생산하기가 힘들다. 본 연구는 곤달비를 저비용 대량 생산을 위한 노지재배 생력화 재배기술을 확립하고자 시험을 수행하였다. 2019년 4월부터 2020년 11월까지 전라북도 농업기술원 허브산채시험장(해발 500m)에서 곤달비 노지재배를 대상으로 이랑폭 90cm, 120cm, 180cm 3처리구로 하여 시기별 생육특성, 수량성, 생리장해 등을 조사하였다. 2019년 4월 정식 후 활착률은 180cm 처리구에서 92.1%로 가장 높았고 120cm 처리에서 90.2%로 가장 낮았으며, 생존율 또한 180cm 처리구에서 87.2%로 가장 높았고 120cm 처리에서 84.4%로 가장 낮았다. 생육특성 결과 1차년도에는 초장, 엽장, 엽폭은 생육 초기부터 후기까지 90cm 처리구에서 가장 높았고, 엽수는 120cm 처리구에서 가장 많았다. 2차년에는 180cm 처리구에서 초장 61.2cm, 엽장 32.6cm, 엽폭 31.3cm, 엽수 12.7개/주로 다른 처리구에 비해 좋은 생육상태를 보였다. 이랑폭별 수확량은 180cm에서 1,073.7kg/10a로 120cm 955.7kg/10a, 90cm 923.3/kg/10a 비해 높은 수량성을 보였다. 생리장해는 2020년 3월 저온으로 인한 냉해를 출현 초기에 모든 처리구에서 받았다. 곤달비 노지재배 발생하는 병해충은 나비·나방류, 노린재류 3종류이며 그 중 점무늬병은 모든 처리구에서 30% 이상 피해가 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.171-202
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• 2024

If the plant genetic resources and information-sharing systems held by arboretums worldwide are effectively utilized, it is believed that a conservation system for plant diversity in the currently inaccessible North Korean region could be established. This study was conducted to review the scientific names of plants native to North Korea but not to South Korea and to assess the status of genetic resources held in domestic and international arboretums. To compile a list and status of North Korean plant's genetic resources, updated checklists of vascular plants in Korean Peninsula and online plant information databases were consulted to compile synonym, distribution range, and other related information. A total of 486 taxa (449 species, 13 subspecies, 21 varieties, 1 forma and 2 hybrids) from 236 genera and 64 families, representing 12.34% of the total native flora of the Korean Peninsular were presented in the North Korea plant list, and the presence of rare, endemic and northern lineage species was confirmed. It was found that 384 taxa from 190 genera, 53 families of North Korean plants are held as genetic resources in 333 arboretums and plant research institutions across 46 countries and 5 continents worldwide. This study is expected to contribute to the construction and application of a species list for plants native to the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.197-203
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• 2023

Callus cultivation is a method for producing a large amount of tissue of a plant in the laboratory, regardless of the environment. Lycoris chejuensis, a plant species native to jeju island, is a member of the Lycoris family has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diverse diseases. In this study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory effect of biorenovated Lycoris chejuensis callus (LCB) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. As a result, LCB was less toxic to the cells in the concentration range of 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/mL as shown by the improved viability of LCB treated cells than compared to Lycoris chejuensis callus (LC) treatment. In addition, LCB inhibited the generation of NO and prostaglandin E₂ through the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. LCB also attenuated the expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α induced by LPS. The results suggest that LCB has anti-inflammatory activity on the LPS-induced inflammatory response and may be suitable for the development of potent functional cosmetic material.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.95-126
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• 2024

In this study, we investigated the vertical distribution and vascular plants on Joryeongsan Mountain in Baekdudaegan, Korea. The results of four field surveys from April to September 2023 identified a total of 552 taxa, representing 491 species, ten subspecies, 43 varieties, six forms, and two hybrids in 314 genera and 101 families. The elevational distribution ranges of 360 taxa of vascular plants were also identified. Among them, 19 taxa were endemic to Korea, and two taxa were rare plants. The floristic target plants amounted to 100 taxa, specifically two taxa of grade V, seven taxa of grade IV, 25 taxa of grade III, 33 taxa of grade II, and 33 taxa of grade I. Seventy-eight taxa were northern lineage plants. In all, 29 taxa of alien plants were recorded in the investigated area, with a naturalized index of 5.3% and an urbanization index of 7.4%. Two plants disturbed the ecosystem. Species richness along the elevation showed a reversed double-hump shape with peaks at low, mid, and high elevations. The results of a cluster analysis showed a high degree of similarity between adjacent elevation sections, except in lowlands. Detrended Correspondence Analysis ordination also supported distinct groups by elevation. Warmth index values ranged from 62.1℃·month to 92.9℃·month on Joryeongsan Mountain. Our results provide primary data on vascular plants and valuable information on the current distribution ranges of plant species on Joryeongsan Mountain. These data could serve as a baseline for comparing species shifts at elevations under future climate changes.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 1990

Studies on the microdistribution, distributional aspect and affinity of Korean endemic species, SHIRl, Coreoleueiseus splendidus in th southern half of the Korean peninsula were carried out from May, 1966 to November, 1989. This species was found in 14 independent rivers and streamlets of the south Korea ; Yimjin R., Han R., Kum R., Ungchun S., Mangyung S., Dongjin R., Somjin R., Kwangyang East S., Sachun S., Gonyang S., Nakdong R., Samchukosip S., Samhwa S. of Namhae Island and Guchun S. of Geojae Islands, and were not found from Youngsan R., Ansung S. and Sabgyo S. This species was not common and independent comprising less than 25% of the total fish population in all habiting sites. Distributional zone was in the middle or upper streaches of main streams and tributaries. The average slope of distributional zone was 2.6, minimum slope was 0.29 and maximum slope was 5.56. Thirty-three species were found to occur along with this fish and 10 species of them occurred with more than 50% frequency. They were; 20 sp. of Cyprinidae, 5 sp. of Cobitidae, 1 sp. of Salmonidae, 1 sp. of Bagfridae, 1 sp. of Siluridae, 2 sp. of Amblycipitidae, of Serranidae, and 1 sp. of Eleotridae. Some species of fish appeared to have the same ecological position even though they have different distributional zones. These species were as follows; Acheilognathus signifer and A. limbata, Micriophsogobio koreensis and M. yaluensis in Cyprinidae, Cobitis koreensis, C. longicorpus, C. rotundicaudata in Cobitidae, Liobagrus andersoni and L. mediadiposalis in Amblycipitidae.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.866-877
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to develop a new functional traditional fermented soybean food using Cudrania tricuspidata fruits and fermentation microbes isolated from traditional fermented food. Aspergillus oryzae koji, Lactobacillus sp., and Bacillus sp. were used for the selection of a suitable microbe for the fermentation of Cudrania tricuspidata fruits, and as a result, Bacillus licheniformis SCDB 1234 was selected. SCDB 1234 enhanced the concentration of kaempferol in the Cudrania tricuspidata fruits from 9.54 to $217.04{\mu}g/g$ (about 22 times). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the fermented materials was similar to that of BHA and BHT (92~99 ppm). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was high with arbutin (95 ppm) and kojic acid (90 ppm). Doenjang-added fermentation materials of the Cudrania tricuspidata fruits were developed, and the organic acid, reducing sugar, and free amino acid of the developed Doenjang were analyzed. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory (PLI) activity and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity of the fermentation materials of the Cudrania tricuspidata fruits and the developed Doenjang were investigated, and it was found that after fermentation, the PLI and AGI activities of the fermentation materials of the Cudrania tricuspidata fruits were higher than those before fermentation, and that the AGI activity of the developed Doenjang after aging ($91.25{\pm}0.04%$) was higher than that before aging ($84.89{\pm}0.08%$).