• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2012

본 논문은 차량이 급제동으로 인해 도로 위에 생성된 스키드마크와 같이 형태가 모호하게 나타난 영상을 인식하기 위해 FE-SM/SONN을 제안하였다. FE-SM/SONN은 타이어 트레드 패턴이 뭉개져서 나타나는 스키드마크 경우, 그 패턴이 모호한 영상으로 취득된다. 이를 인식하기 위해 퍼지 이론과 트레드 패턴의 특징을 이용한 자기 조직 신경망 인식기를 통해 스키드마크를 인식하는 방법이다. 이러한 실험을 위해 48개 타이어모델과 144개 스키드마크가 사용되었고, 전체 인식율은 89%이며, 비교 분석을 위해서는 기존 역전파 인식기에 비해 인식률 면에서 13.51%가 향상되었고, FE-MCBP에 비해 8.78% 향상을 보였다. 이 논문의 기대효과로는 모호한 영상의 특징을 추출하여 인식이 가능하였고, 트레드 패턴 영상이 그레이 영상으로 나타날 경우도 퍼지 이론에 의해 인식이 가능한 것으로 연구결과 나타났다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1987년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.39-39
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• 1987

자동차에서 발생되는 소음은 여러 가지 발생원으로부터의 복합적인 것으로서 차량의 속도가 고속화하면서 타이어 소음의 기여도가 매우 커지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 타이어 소음은 근본적으로 노면과 타이어의 상호작용에 의하여 발생되는 데 타이어/노면의 상호작용에 영향을 미치는 인자로는 마모상태, 차량속도, 하중, 공기압, carcass 구조, 타이어 온도등 여러 가지가 있으나 tread 모양과 노면의 상태에 가장 크게 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 승용차용 155SR13 radial 타이어를 대상으로 하여 실내에 설치된 dynamometer를 이용하여 groove 의 개수, groove 길이, groove 폭, groove 깊이, groove 방향 등 트레드 패턴 인자가 발생소음에 미치는 기여도를 실험적으로 측정하고 트레드 패턴형상에 따른 소음도를 예측할 수 있는 실험식을 구했다. 또한 단일 groove 내에서 발생되는 소음의 시간신호를 측정하여 모델화하고 차량속도와 groove 사이의 간격에 따른 시간신호를 합성하고 이 신호로부터 FFT 알고리듬을 통해 소음 spectrum을 구하는 소음 예측 프로그램을 개발하였다. 비교적 단순한 tread 패턴에 대해 이를 적용한 결과 실험적으로 구한 spectrum과 상당히 유사함을 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2004

The tread pattern of a tire has an important effect on tire performances such as handling, wear, noise, hydroplaning and so on. However, a finite element analysis of a patterned tire with detailed tread blocks has been limited owing to the complexity of making meshes for tread blocks and the huge computation time. The computation time has been shortened due to the advance in the computer technology. The modeling of tread blocks usually requires creating a solid model using a CAD software. Therefore it is a very complicated and time-consuming job to generate meshes of a patterned tire using a CAD model. A new efficient and convenient method for generating meshes of a patterned tire has been developed. In this method, 3-D meshes of tread pattern are created by mapping 2-D meshes of tread geometry onto 3-D tread surfaces and extruding them through tread depth. Then, the tread pattern meshes are assembled with the tire body meshes by the tie contact constraint. Residual aligning torque and frictional energy are calculated by using a patterned tire model and compared to the experimental results. It is shown that the calculated results of a patterned tire model are in a good agreement with the experimental ones.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1615-1622
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• 2003

Being contacted directly with. ground, the tire tread part is in shape of complex patterns of variable ASDs(anti-skid depth) to satisfy various tire performances. However, owing to the painstaking mesh generation job and the extremely long CPU-time, conventional 3-D tire analyses have been performed by either neglecting tread pattern or modeling circumferential grooves only. As a result, such simplified analysis models lead to considerably poor numerical expectations. This paper addresses the development of a 3-D tire mesh generation considering the detailed tread pattern and shows that the contact pressure and frictional energy distribution of tires considering the detailed pattern become better than those by the simplified tire model.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.330-335
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• 2001

While contacting directly with ground, the tire tread part is in shape of complex patterns of variable ASDs(anti-skid depth) for various tire performances. However, owing to the painstaking mesh generation job and the extremely long CPU-time, conventional 3-D tire analyses have been performed by either neglecting tread pattern or modeling circumferential grooves only. As a result, such simplified analysis models lead to considerably poor numerical expectations. This paper addresses the development of a systematic 3-D mesh generation of tires considering the detailed tread pattern. Basically, tire body and tread meshes are separately generated, and then both are to be combined. For the systematic mesh generation, which consists of a series of meshing steps, we develop in-house subroutines which utilize the useful functions of I-DEAS solid modeler. The detailed pattern mesh can be imparted partially or completely.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2006

Each tire has a critical speed at which a standing wave phenomenon occurs along the circumferential direction. If the standing waves are formed, the tire temperature is rapidly increased and it leads to tire failure eventually. As the formation of the standing waves is closely related to the tire stiffness, the effect of the tread pattern needs to be studied numerically. The standing wave phenomenon of a tire model with tread pattern is predicted by an explicit finite element method. The critical speed of the tire with tread pattern is in a good agreement with the experiment and is $15{\sim}20\;km/h$ lower than that of the tire without tread pattern. The effects of the inflation pressure and the vertical load on the critical speed are also investigated by using the tire model with tread pattern.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.697-705
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 비전기반 물체의 폭 측정과 그 응용을 위해 광절단법을 이용한 측정방법에 대해 제안한다. 측정 대상은 트레드이며 자동차 타이어의 가장 바깥쪽 면을 의미한다. 전체 시스템은 두 개의 과정으로 구성되는데 교정과정과 검출과정으로 구성된다. 교정과정에서는 카메라 평면과 레이저 평면간의 변환 관계를 규명하고 왜곡 파라미터를 추출한다. 이때 정교하게 제작된 테스트패턴인 지그가 필요하다. 검출과정에서는 레이저가 비추는 영역을 추출하기 위해 배경영역의 화소 분포에 따라 적응식 임계방법을 적용한다. 다음으로 검출된 영역에 세선화 알고리즘을 적용하여 트레드의 숄더와 끝을 검출한다. 최종적으로 숄더와 전체 폭은 호모그래피와 왜곡계수를 이용하여 폭을 계산한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.361-364
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• 2011

In this paper, This work demonstrates a experimental evaluation for vehicle road noise NVH performance from the component-level NVH measurements of Tire. The power unit noise from tire emitted by cars has been reduced. It has been found that tire noise dominates noise produced by the power train when vehicles are driven at high constant speed. Therefore tire pattern noise is affected by pattern and vehicle and transmission loss. Tire noise mechanism is generated by several mechanisms. The sound of tire can propagate either through the air or through the structure of vehicle. Pattern noise is the result of pressure variations through the air to the interior side of vehicle. Especially, smooth asphalt, the periodicity of tread design, groove depth is important factor, which have an influence on the reduction of tire pattern noise.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2005

Tire manufactures have dealt with noise problem by varying the pitch of the tread. The various formulas for the variations are generally determined differently, however. Often these variations are based on a combination of trial and error, intuition, and economics. Some manufactures have models and analogs to test tread patterns and their variations. These efforts, however practical, do not determine the best variation beforehand or guarantee the best results. For this reason it was felt that a general mathematical approach fur determining the best variation was needed. Moreover, the method should be completely general, easy to use, and sufficiently accurate. This paper discusses a mathematical method called Mechanical Frequency Modulation(MFM) which meets the above requirements. Thus, MFM pertains to computing an irregular time sequence of events so that the resulting excitation spectrum is shaped to a preferred form. The first part of this paper treats the theoretical basis for computing an optimum variation ; the second part discusses experimental results and simulation program which corroborate the theory.

• 산업공학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1997

The tread pattern of tire is represented by a great number of design factors, such as groove breadth of circumference direction, breadth direction, rib breadth, block length, kerfs, tread breadth and tread radius, etc. It is not efficient in time and cost to analyze the rolling resistance for a great number of real tread pattern, because It requires lots of pattern forming handwork. In order to optimize tread pattern for rolling resistance, the experiment is planed and analyzed by Taguchi's robust design methods. We identified the important design factors for Rolling Resistance, determined the optimal condition and calculated prediction value which is related. Using the experiment data and the analyzed data, we developed the program which could predict Rolling Resistance. It is expected that time and cost may be reduced in designing and developing new tire tread pattern.