• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.150-158
• /
• 2009

Purpose: With the better understanding of cuff function, partial repair or "force couple repair" for treating massive irreparable rotator cuff tear has gained some popularity. However, there were few reports on the results of partial repair. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcome of massive irreparable rotator cuff tears who received arthroscopic force-couple repair or partial repair. Materials and Methods: From June 2005 to Feb 2008, arthroscopic partial repairs were performed for 16 irreparable rotator cuff tears among the 101 large to massive rotator cuff tears that were operated on. Clinical and radiographic evaluation were done at the final follow-up. Results: There were 7 men and 9 women with a mean age of 66.6 years. The mean follow-up period was 27.3 month (range: 15-46). The pain VAS improved from 4.4 ($\pm2.50$) to 2.1 ($\pm2.26$) and the functional VAS improved from 46.9 ($\pm16.64$) to 70.0 ($\pm22.80$). The ASES score improved from 39.0 ($\pm10.80$) to 80.3 ($\pm16.78$) and the KSS score was 81.9 ($\pm16.74$) at the final follow-up. The acromio-humeral distance was 6.6 cm ($\pm1.74$) preoperatively and 6.2 cm ($\pm1.69$) postoperatively without significant change (p=0.3874). The degenerative changes had no statistically progressed (p=0.2663). Conclusion: Partial repair for massive rotator cuff injury patients showed improvement in the clinical score without progression of arthritic change at a mean of 2.3 years follow-up.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 2001

중국 낙양의 평악곽씨(平樂郭氏) 정골법은 중국의학의 골상과(骨傷科) 중에서 중요한 학술유파로 널리 알려져 있다. 그 치료법에 있어서 독특하고 체계적인 시술법을 갖추고 있는데, 교정 수기법, 고정방법, 기능훈련, 약물치료 등의 내용을 포함하고 있다. 창상(創傷)에 대한 약물요법에서 "파(破) 화(和) 보(補)" 3단계로 분류된 약물사용 원칙을 제시하였는데, 즉 골정손상의 초기에는 기혈어체(氣血瘀滯)의 병리기전에 입각하여 약물은 활혈화어제(活血化瘀劑)를 주로 사용하고, 중반에는 기혈부화(氣血不和) 경락부통(經絡不通)의 기전으로 파악하고 주로 활혈통락(活血通絡)시키는 약물을 사용하며, 말기에는 구병(久病)으로 기형(氣血)이 휴손(虧損)되므로 보기혈(補氣血) 및 장근골(壯筋骨)의 약물을 주로 사용한다. 이와 같은 평악곽씨(平樂郭氏)의 正骨(정골)에 관한 약물사용 원칙을 토대로 선조의 처방과 경험방 및 후세의 통용방(協定方)을 근간으로 심은 평악곽씨(平樂郭氏)의 正骨(정골)에 대한 전통약물시리즈가 형성되었다. 이러한 처방들은 장기간의 임상활용에서 그 효과가 뛰어나고 안전성이 확보된 것으로 입증되었다. 근골통소환(筋骨痛消丸)은 활혈행기(活血行氣), 온경통락(溫經通絡), 소종지통(消腫止痛)의 효능이 있어 근골의 퇴행성 질환이나 만성 노손(勞損)으로 일어나는 종창(腫脹), 통증, 관절활동의 제한, 목 어깨 허리 다리 등의 통증, 발꿈치 통증, 골절 후 지체(肢體)의 종통(腫痛), 어혈 등에 활용한다. 활혈접골지통고(活血接骨止痛膏)는 접골속근(接骨續筋), 통락지통(通絡止痛)의 효능이 있어 골상(骨傷)을 입은 후 지체(肢體)의 종창(腫脹)이나 통증 또는 골절 등에 사용한다. 이 약은 크림제와 고약제 두가지가 있다. 평악내복접골교양(平樂內服接骨膠襄)은 활혈소종(活血消腫), 접골속근(接骨續筋)의 효능이 있어 각종 근육의 손상이나 골정상에 활용된다. 평낙전근단(平樂展筋丹)은 활혈화어(活血化瘀), 서근지통(舒筋止痛), 통리관절(通利關節), 등의 효능이 있어 타박상으로 인한 지체(肢體)의 종통(腫痛), 관절강직, 활동제한 및 골관절 질환과 풍습비통(風濕痺痛) 등을 치료한다. 전통적으로 외용(外用)에 사용되는 산제(散劑)는 마사지에 주로 활용된다. 임상에서 다양한 제형(劑型)으로 개발되어 분무형태로 쓰이는 근상정(筋傷酊)과 마사지 크림으로 사용되는 평악낙전근접마유제(平樂展筋接摩乳劑)가 있다. 소종활혈(消腫活血) 대포제(袋泡劑)는 산제(散劑)를 티팩 형식으로 사용하는 외용제형(外用劑型)이며, 서근활혈(舒筋活血), 소종지통(消腫止痛)의 효능이 있어 타박상 말기에 근육이 굳어지고, 어반이 형성되면서 통증이 나타나며, 종창(腫脹) 등이 생길 때 사용한다. 사용방법은 따뜻한 물에 담가 우려낸 다음 상처부위를 씨어주면 된다. 특별히 제작된 접골환(接骨丸)은 배보간신(培補肝腎), 익기건비(益氣健脾), 활혈통락(活血通絡), 강근건골(强筋健骨) 등의 작용이 있어 파박상이나 골절이 잘 치유되지 않고 오래 지속되는 경우에 사용된다. 이와 같은 다양한 평악곽씨(平樂郭氏)의 전통적인 정골(正骨)에 관한 약물들은 약리학적 실험을 거쳐 그 독성반응이나 부작용 및 임상효과를 관찰한 결과 통제학적으로 p<0.05-0.01로 나타나 98%의 치료효과를 보였으며, 독성 및 부작용이 없어 안정성이 인정되었으므로 긍정적인 치료효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.66
• /
• pp.250-257
• /
• 2023

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter distributed in the central nervous system of mammals. However, high concentrations of glutamate are known to cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke by causing nerve cell death. In this study, the antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effect of subtropical natural products were analyzed. Among 11 subtropical plant extracts mainly tested, Sallacca wallichiana extract (SE) showed the greatest free radical scavenging activity. Then, we confirmed through WST-1 assay that SE protected HT22 cells against glutamate-induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. The protective effects of SE against glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells were also confirmed by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin V/PI double staining. We also confirmed using H₂DCF-DA single staining that SE inhibits glutamate-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species. And we were confirmed through that SE inhibited glutamate-induced phosphorylation of Mitogen-activated Protein kinases. Consequently, our results propose that SE may contribute to the development of therapeutics to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.45 no.12
• /
• pp.1591-1595
• /
• 2002

Familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous adenomas in the colorectum. Patients with FAP are always at risk of malignant transformation, so that colectomy is unavoidable. NSAID, such as sulindac, and selective COX-2 inhibitor, such as celecoxib, have shown a positive effect on FAP by causing polyp regression in some patients. We report a case of FAP in a 9-year-old female whose polyposis regressed markedly after six months-treatment with celecoxib.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2023

Leigh syndrome is a rare progressive neurodegenerative mitochondrial disorder with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Recently, balletic IARS2 variants have been identified in a number of patients presenting broad clinical phenotypes from Leigh and West syndrome to a rare syndrome CAGSSS characterized by cataracts, growth hormone deficiency, sensory neuropathy, sensorineural hearing loss, and skeletal dysplasia syndrome (OMIM#616007). We describe a child with Korean Leigh syndrome with urologic manifestations resulting from a compound heterozygote mutation in IARS2. A 5-year-old girl visited the emergency room with a complaint of abdominal pain accompanied by abdominal distension. Abdominal-pelvic CT showed a markedly distended urinary bladder without definite obstructive lesions. She was diagnosed with neurogenic bladder dysfunction based on a urodynamic study. She had global delayed development due to neurologic regression after 6 months of age and a history of bilateral cataract surgery at the age of 2 years. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging showed symmetrically increased signal intensities in the bilateral putamen and caudate nuclei with diffuse cerebral atrophy. No gene variants were identified through whole-mitochondrial genome analysis. Whole exome sequencing was performed for diagnosis, and compound heterozygous pathogenic variants were identified in IARS2: c.2446C>T (p. Arg816Ter) and c.2450G>A (p. Arg817His). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of bladder dysfunction manifestation in a patient with IARS2-related Leigh syndrome. Thus, it broadens the clinical and genetic spectrum of IARS2-associated diseases.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.30 no.2 s.79
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2000

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) is very useful method to diagnose internal derangement of the TMJ because of its high specificity foy identification of condyle-disc relationships. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the existence, incidence and severity o』 internal derangement o』 the TMJ by the MRI of Patients who are suspected to have TMJ disorder. MRI sample was composed of 50 subjects(10 males, 40 females) and the mean age was 22.9 years. 43 subjects of the sample were found to have positive findings. $56\%$ of the subjects with positive findings had ADD(anterior disc displacement) without reduction, and $65\%$ had internal derangement of bilateral joints. Distributions in the types of malocclusion in patients with positive findings, the Angle's classification had shown : the largest $41.9\%$ for Cl II ($39.6\%$ for Cl II div 1 and $2.3\%$ for Cl II div 2), $37.2\%$ for Cl I, $18.6\%$ for Cl III, and $2.3\%$ for the unidentified. $8.6\%$ of the subjects with positive findings had facial asymmetry and $55.8\%$ had openbite. We can conclude that the percentage of Cl II is the highest in patients with internal derangement of the TMJ. Openbite or facial asymmetry is considered to be uncompensated or compensated deformity which results from facial skeleton remodeling in the process of degenerative joint disease(DJD) due to TMJ degeneration. Therefore it is recommended to screen the patients with facial asymmetry or openbite by MRI before the beginning of orthodontic treatment. Differential diagnosis is essential because the tendency of relapse is high after the orthodontic treatment and continuous observation of TMJ is needed in patients with TMJ disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.82 no.5
• /
• pp.1124-1139
• /
• 2021

The objective assessment of atrophy and the measurement of brain volume is important in the early diagnosis of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, several MR-based volumetry software have been developed. For their clinical application, several issues arise, including the standardization of image acquisition and their validation of software. Additionally, it is important to highlight the diagnostic performance of the volumetry software based on expert opinions. We instituted a task force within the Korean Society of Neuroradiology to develop guidelines for the clinical use of MR-based brain volumetry software. In this review, we introduce the commercially available software and compare their diagnostic performances. We suggest the need for a standard protocol for image acquisition, the validation of the software, and evaluations of the limitations of the software related to clinical practice. We present recommendations for the clinical applications of commercially available software for volumetry based on the expert opinions of the Korean Society of Neuroradiology.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.227-237
• /
• 2009

Recently, adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC) that are similar to bone marrow MSC and blood derived MSC are thought to be another source for stem cell therapy. However, the diseases that can be applied for stem cells therapy are age-dependent degenerative diseases. Accordingly, the present study investigated the growth and differentiation potential to neural cells of human AdMSC (hAdMSC) obtained from aged thirty, forty and fifty. The growth of cells and cell viability were measured by passage and neural differentiation of hAdMSC was induced in neural differentiation condition for 10 days. Our results demonstrated that cell number, viability and morphology were not different from hAdMSC by age and passage. Immunofluorescence analysis of neural cell marker (TuJ1, NSE, Sox2, GFAP or MAP2) demonstrated no significant differences in neural cell differentiation by age and passage. As the number of passage was increased, the mRNA level of MAP2 and Sox2 was decreased in hAdMSC from age of 50 compared to hAdMSC from age of 30. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that ability of neural cell differentiation of hAdMSC was maintained with ages, suggesting that autologous stem cells from aged people can be applied for stem cell therapy with age-dependent neural disease with the same stem cell quality and ability as stem cell derived from young age.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.699-705
• /
• 2000

The superoxide scavenging activities of thirteen kinds of herbal extracts were examined together with their cytotoxic and immunomodulating effects. The extracts of 6 kinds of herbs such as eucalyptus, mate, peppermint, sage, thyme and yarrow, so called medicinal herbs, showed above 70% of the superoxide scavenging activities. They also showed cytotoxicities against the cancer cell lines of Hepa-1c1c7 and KB-3-1 as well as the normal fibroblast cell line of mouse. The $IC_{50}$ values of above 6 herb extracts on the cancer cell lines were above or similar to the $IC_{50}$ values on the normal cell line, so it was unable to observe the herb extract which showed cytotoxicity only to the cancer cell lines. Considering the results of nitric oxide test that the sage extract was the only one having the immunomodulating effect(37% of positive control), there was no significant relationship between the superoxide scavenging activities of herbs and their immunomodulating effects.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.200-203
• /
• 2017

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders which disrupt the afferent and efferent pathways of the cerebellum that cause cerebellar ataxia. Spectrin beta non-erythrocytic 2 (SPTBN2) gene encodes the ${\beta}-III$ spectrin protein with high expression in Purkinje cells that is involved in excitatory glutamate signaling through stabilization of the glutamate transporter, and its mutation is known to cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 5. Three years and 5 months old boy with delayed development showed leukodystrophy and cerebellar atrophy in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diagnostic exome sequencing revealed that the patient has heterozygous mutation in SPTBN2 (p.Glu1251Gln) which is a causative genetic mutation for spinocerebellar ataxia type 5. With the patient's clinical findings, it seems reasonable to conclude that p.Glu1251Gln mutation of SPTBN2 gene caused spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 in this patient.