• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 1997

Andesitic pyroclastics and lava flows are deposited as a part of composite volcanoes by Cretaceous volcanic activity in Geojae Island, off the coast of Korea. The andesitic pyroclastics are composed of tuff breccia and lapilli tuff minor intercalated tuff. Lava flows are divided into dense and porphyritic andesite containing phenocrysts of plagioclase, pyroxene, and/or hornblende. The andesitic rocks represent charactersitcs of carc-alkaline BAR association with basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite to rhyolite. Major element variations of the volcanic rocks show that $Al_2O_3$, total FeO, CaO, MgO and $TiO_2$ decrease with increasing $SiO_2$ but $K_2O$ and total alkalis increase, and represent differntiation trend of calc-alkaline rock series. In spider diagram, contents of Sr, K, Rb, Ba, and Th are relatively high, but contents of Nb, P, Ti and Cr are low. These petrochemcial characteristics are similar to those of rocks from island arc or continental margein related to plate subduction. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of volcanic rocks are paralle to subparallel, with LREE enriched than HREE, and show gradual increase of negative Eu anomaly from basalt to dacite and rhyolite, suggesting comagmatic fractional crystallization with minor effects of assimilation and magma mixing. Andesitic rocks are assumed medium-K orogenic andesites that formed in the tectomagmatic environment of subduction zone under normal continental margin arc.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.1-35
• /
• 1969

The structure and geologic history of the Triassic basin in southern Connecticut have been interpreted by using gravimetric data. A gravity survey of 800 gravity stations was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in the southern Connecticut area. The resulting data were reduced by the Bouguer method and then plotted and contoured along with the generalized geology. Residual gravity maps were prepared by different methods to obtain the most plausible agreement with the known geology of the area. Seven gravity profiles across the basin are presented to show the distribution of the Triassic deposits that could produce the measured anomalies. It is concluded that the basin was formed by successive step faulting in the late Triassic period and that the sediments accumulated progressively in this basin. The deepest portion of the basin is located in the middle of the present Triassic belt and reaches a depth of about 2 miles below the surface. The data also appear to indicate the possible source areas for the basalt which at present forms the lava flows, sills, and dikes exposed in the Cheshire and Gaillard regions. The information concerning the tectonic history of the Connecticut Triassic Valley aids considerably in establishing the geologic history of the Appalachians in late Triassic time.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.329-343
• /
• 2001

The deep environment and geochemical evolution of the Bugok geothennal waters, located in the Kyeongnam Province, was re-interpreted based on the hydrochemical and isotopic data published by Yun et al. (1998). The geothermal waters of the Bugok area is geochemically divided into three groups; Geothennal water I, II and III groups. Groups I and II are geochemically similar; high temperature (55.2-77.2$^{\circ}$C) and chemically belonging to Na-S04 types. However, pH and Eh values are a little different each other and Group II water is highly enriched in S04 compared to Group I water. Group III water, occurring from peripheral sites of the central part of the geothennal waters, shows temperature range of 29.3 to 47.0$^{\circ}$C and belongs to $Na-HCO_3-S0_4$ types. The deep environment and geochemical evolution of the Bugok geothennal waters, showing the diversity of geochemistry, can be interpreted as follows; I) Descending to great depth of meteoric waters that originated at high elevation and reacting with sediments and/or granites in depth. The $S0_4$ concentration of the waters has been increased by the dissolution of sulfate minerals in sediments. 2) During the continuous descending, the waters has met with the reduction environment, producing the $H_2S$ gas due to sulfate reduction. The waters has been heated up to 130$^{\circ}$C and the extent of water-rock reaction was increased. At this point, pH of waters are increased, S04 concentration decreased and calcite precipitated, therefore, the waters show the $Na-S0_4$ type. 3) Ascending of the geothennal waters along the flow path of fluids and mixing with less-deeply circulated waters. The $S0_4$ concentration is re-increased due to the oxidation of $H_2S$ gas and/or sulfide minerals in sediments. During continuous ascending, these geothennal waters are mixed with shallow groundwater.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2009

The geology of Sepola district in Mali is consisted of Birrimian group with metasedimentary rocks of lower Proterozoic and volcanoclastics, and later intrusive igneous rocks. Ore diposit in this district has the characteristics of vein- and disseminated-type gold deposit which was formed by infilling the secondary fracture zones related to the large-scale fault zone of NW direction within Birrimian group. It is confirmed as promising that Barani district has the gold grade of 0.53${\sim}$9.21 g/t with the extension of 1.3 km and width of 1 to 20.1 m. The ore mineralogy is simple with electrum, pyrite and galena. Fineness of gold grain ranges from 848 to 915(average 891) indicating mesothermal to hypothermal environment. Fluid inclusions are classified as liquid-rich type I. gas-rich type II and liquid-$CO_2$ bearing type III. Primary and pseudosecondary inclusions homogenize from 236 to 393$^{\circ}C$ with salinity of 0.0 to 8.6 wt% NaCl. Secondary inclusions homogenize from 103 to 184$^{\circ}C$ with salinity of 0.7 to 8.6 wt.%. From the relationship between homogeniztion temperature and salinity, it may be thought that auriferous fluid experienced dilution and cooling through inflow of meteoric water after fluid unmixing derived from pressure decrease in the temperature range of 400 to 250$^{\circ}C$. From the massive occurrence of quartz vein, simple mineralogy with paucity of sulfide, and presence of liquid-$CO_2$ bearing with high homogenization temperature, it is thought that gold mineralization in Sepola district correspods to the mesothermal to hypothermal ore deposit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.86-100
• /
• 2004

계산을 통한 단백질 상호작용 예측 기법의 중요성이 제기되면서 많은 단백질 상호 작용 예측 기법이 제안되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 기법들이 일반 사용자가 손쉽게 사용할 수 있는 서비스 형태로 제공되고 있는 경우는 드물다. 본 논문에서는 현재까지 알려진 단백질 상호작용 예측 기법 중 예측 기법의 완성도가 높고 상대적으로 예측 정확도가 높은 것으로 알려진 도메인 조합 기반 단백질 상호 작용 예측 기법을 PreSPI(Prediction System for Protein Interaction)라는 서비스 시스템으로 설계하고 구현하였다. 구현된 시스템이 제공하는 기능은 크게 도메인 조합 기반 단백질 상호 작용 예측 기법을 서비스 형태로 만들어 제공하는 기능으로 입력 단백질 쌍에 대한 상호작용 예측이 중심이 된 핵심기능과, 핵심 기능으로부터 파생되는 기능인 부가 기능, 그리고 주어진 단백질에 대한 도메인 정보검색 기능과 같이 단백질 상호작용에 관하여 연구하는 연구자에게 도움이 되는 일반적인 기능으로 구성되어 있다. 계산을 통해 단백질 상호 작용을 예측하는 시스템은 대규모계산이 요구되는 경우가 많아 좋은 성능을 갖추는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서 구현된 PreSPI 시스템은 서비스에 따라 적절히 그 처리를 병렬화 함으로써 시스템의 성능 향상을 도모하였고, PreSPI 가 제공하는 기능을 웹 서비스 API 로 Deploy 하여 시스템의 개방성을 지원하고 있다. 또한 인터넷 환경에서 변화되는 단백질 상호 작용 및 도메인에 관한 정보를 유연하게 반영할 수 있도록 시스템을 계층 구조로 설계하였다. 본 논문에서는 PreSPI 가 제공하는 몇 가지 대표적인 서비스에 관하여 사용자 인터페이스를 중심으로 상술함으로써 초기 PreSPI 사용자가 PreSPI 가 제공하는 서비스를 이해하고 사용하는 데에도 도움이 되도록 하였다.있어서 자각증상, 타각소견(他覺所見)과 함께 이상(異常)은 확인되지 않았으며 부작용도 없었다. 이상의 결과로부터, ‘펩타이드 음료’는 경증고혈압 혹은 경계역고혈압자(境界域高血壓者)의 혈압을, 자각증상 및 혈액${\cdot}$뇨검사에도 전혀 영향을 미치지 않고 저하시킨다고 결론지었다.이병엽을 염색하여 흰가루 병균의 균사생장과 포자형성 등을 관찰한 결과 균사가 용균되는 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 균사의 용균정도와 분생포자형성 억제 정도는 병 방제효과와 일치하는 경향을 보였다.을 의미한다. IV형은 가장 후기에 포획된 유체포유물이며, 광산 주변에 분포하는 석회암체 등의 변성퇴적암류로부터 $CO_{2}$ 성분과 다양한 성분의 유체가 공급되어 생성된 것으로 여겨진다. 정동이 발달하고 있지 않으며, 백운모를 함유하고 있는 대유페그마타이트는 변성작용에 의한 부분용융에 의해 형성된 멜트에서 결정화되었으며, 상당히 높은 압력의 환경에서 대유페그마타이트의 결정화작용 과정에서 용리한 유체의 성분이 전기석에 포획되어 있다. 이때 용리된 유체는 다양한 성분을 지니고 있었으며, 매우 낮은 공융온도와 다양한 딸결정은 포유물 내에 NaCl, KCl 이외에 적어도 $CaCl_{2},\;MgCl_{2}$와 같은 성분을 포함하고 있음을 지시한다. 유체의 용리는 적어도 $2.7{\sim}5.3$ kbar 이상의 압력과 $230{\sim}328^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 시작되었다.없었다. 결론적으로 일부 한방제와 생약제제는 육계에서 항생제를 대체하여 사용이 가능하며 특히 혈액의 성분에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 실증연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.trip과 Sof-Lex disc로 얻어진 표면은 레진전색제의 사용으로 표면조도의 개선

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.317-333
• /
• 2012

The Yeongweol Group is a Lower Paleozoic mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sequence in the Taebaeksan Basin of Korea, and consists of five lithologic formations: Sambangsan, Machari, Wagok, Mungok, and Yeongheung in ascending order. Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the group indicates that initial flooding in the Yeongweol area of the Taebaeksan Basin resulted in basal siliciclastic-dominated sequences of the Sambangsan Formation during the Middle Cambrian. The accelerated sea-level rise in the late Middle to early Late Cambrian generated a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic slope or deep ramp sequence of shale, grainstone and breccia intercalations, representing the lower part of the Machari Formation. The continued rise of sea level in the Late Cambrian made substantial accommodation space and activated subtidal carbonate factory, forming carbonate-dominated subtidal platform sequence in the middle and upper parts of the Machari Formation. The overlying Wagok Formation might originally be a ramp carbonate sequence of subtidal ribbon carbonates and marls with conglomerates, deposited during the normal rise of relative sea level in the late Late Cambrian. The formation was affected by unstable dolomitization shortly after the deposition during the relative sea-level fall in the latest Cambrian or earliest Ordovician. Subsequently, it was extensively dolomitized under the deep burial diagenetic condition. During the Early Ordovician (Tremadocian), global transgression (viz. Sauk) was continued, and subtidal ramp deposition was sustained in the Yeongweol platform, forming the Mungok Formation. The formation is overlain by the peritidal carbonates of the Yeongheung Formation, and is stacked by cyclic sedimentation during the Early to Middle Ordovician (Arenigian to Caradocian). The lithologic change from subtidal ramp to peritidal facies is preserved at the uppermost part of the Mungok Formation. The transition between Sauk and Tippecanoe sequences is recognized within the middle part of the Yeongheung Formation as a minimum accommodation zone. The global eustatic fall in the earliest Middle Ordovician and the ensuing rise of relative sea level during the Darrwillian to Caradocian produced broadly-prograding peritidal carbonates of shallowing-upward cyclic successions within the Yeongheung Formation. The reconstructed relative sea-level curve of the Yeongweol platform is very similar to that of the Taebaek platform. This reveals that the Yeongweol platform experienced same tectonic movements with the Taebaek platform, and consequently that both platform sequences might be located in a body or somewhere separately in the margin of the North China platform. The significant differences in lithologic and stratigraphic successions imply that the Yeongweol platform was much far from the Taebaek platform and not associated with the Taebaek platform as a single depositional system. The Yeongweol platform was probably located in relatively open shallow marine environments, whereas the Taebaek platform was a part of the restricted embayments. During the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic amalgamations of the Korean massifs, the Yeongweol platform was probably pushed against the Taebaek platform by the complex movement, forming fragmented platform sequences of the Taebaeksan Basin.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.94-108
• /
• 1994

The Precambrian granite, and the Yuli group and the Hyeondong gneisss complex are studied to unravel the metamorphic history of the northeastern Sobaeksan massif. The Hongjesa granite, emplaced at 650-$700^{\circ}C$ and $3{\pm}1$ kbar, has been altered at 310-$568^{\circ}C$. Not only the chloritization of biotite but also the sericitization and saussuritization of plagioclase occur at the subsolidus stage. Biotites of the Hongjesa granite vary in their Al, Fe and Mg contents through dioctahedral and tschermakitic substitutions during the subsolidus stage. Secondary muscovites from biotite and feldspars are enriched in their Si and Mg+Fe contents through tschermakitic and trictahedral substitutuions. The metamorphic pressures and temperatures estimated from the Hyeondong gneiss complex are 3.6-6.6 kbar and 593-$718^{\circ}C$, respectively. Local migmatization producing the cordierite-bearing assemblage occurs in the Hyeondong gneiss complex. The Gibbs' method applied to the assemblage of garnet+biotite+plagioclase+quartz in banded gneiss suggests a complex P-T history of the Hyeondong gneiss complex.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.3 s.49
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2006

Fluid inclusions in amethyst from the Samcheonpo amethyst deposit of the Waryongsan area, Kyongnam generally grouped into four different types: Type I (liquid-rich and $10{\sim}23wt%$ NaCl, $Th=289{\sim}359^{\circ}C$), Type II (vapor-rich and $2{\sim}10wt%$ NaCl, $Th=304{\sim}365^{\circ}C;$), Type III (halite-bearing, $31{\sim}54wt%$ NaCl, $Th=259{\sim}510^{\circ}C;$), and Type IV ($CO_{2}-bearing\;9{\sim}13wt%\;NaCl,\;126{\sim}277^{\circ}$). Type I, II, and III inclusions are confined in the lower part of the amethyst and Type IV in the upper, which indicates significant hydrothermal activity during the earliest stage of the amethyst growth or the solidus condition of granitic rocks. The earliest fluid exsolved from the crystallizing granitic magma formed Type IIIa which is spatially associated with silicate melt inclusions. The homogenization behavior of Type IIIa inclusions by dissolution of the halite crystal after the bubble disappearance indicates that Type IIIa inclusions were trapped at some relatively elevated pressure. Exsolution of Type IIIb, I, II forming fluids with gradual decrease in their salinity was followed. The last fluid was $CO_{2}-bearing$ fluid (Type IV), which is assumed to be derived by decarbonization reactions with the surrounding sedimentary rocks. It suggests that the fine-grained granitic rocks containing the Samcheonpo amethyst crystallized at the sub-solvus condition saturated with water and exsolved abundant water.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
• /
• v.4 no.1_2 s.5
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 1996

In the Cretaceous, the Gulf Coast Basin evolved as a marginal sag basin. Thick clastic and carbonate sequences cover the disturbed and diapirically deformed salt layer. In the Cretaceous the salinities of the Gulf Coast Basin probably matched the Holocene Persian Gulf, as is evidenced by the widespread development of supratidal anhydrite. The major Lower Cretaceous reservoir formations are the Cotton Valley, Hosston, Travis Peak siliciclastics, and Sligo, Trinity (Pine Island, Pearsall, Glen Rose), Edwards, Georgetown/Buda carbonates. Source rocks are down-dip offshore marine shales and marls, and seals are either up-dip shales, dense limestones, or evaporites. During this period, the entire Gulf Basin was a shallow sea which to the end of Cretaceous had been rimmed to the southwest by shallow marine carbonates while fine-grained terrigengus clastics were deposited on the northern and western margins of the basin. The main Upper Cretaceous reservoir groups of the Gulf Coast, which were deposited in the period of a major sea level .rise with the resulting deep water conditions, are Woodbinefruscaloosa sands, Austin chalk and carbonates, Taylor and Navarro sandstones. Source rocks are down-dip offshore shales and seals are up-dip shales. Major trap types of the Lower and Upper Cretaceous include salt-related anticlines from low relief pillows to complex salt diapirs. Growth fault structures with rollover anticlines on downthrown fault blocks are significant Gulf Coast traps. Permeability barriers, up-dip pinch-out sand bodies, and unconformity truncations also play a key role in oil exploration from the Cretaceous Gulf Coast reservoirs. The sedimentary sequences of the major Cretaceous reseuoir rocks are a good match to the regressional phases on the global sea level cuwe, suggesting that the Cretaceous Gulf Coast sedimentary stratigraphy relatively well reflects a response to eustatic sea level change throughout its history. Thus, of the three main factors controlling sedimentation (tectonic subsidence, sediment input, and eustatic sea level change) in the Gulf Coast Basin, sea-level ranks first in the period.

• Journal of the Geological Society of Korea
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.631-640
• /
• 2018

To understand the formation and evolution of a sedimentary basin in basin analysis and modelling studies, it is important to analyze the thickness and age range of sedimentary layers infilling a basin. Because the compaction effect reduces the thickness of sedimentary layers during burial, basin modelling studies typically restore the reduced thickness using the relation of porosity and depth (compaction trend). Based on the compilation plots of published compaction trends of representative sedimentary rocks (sandstone, shale and carbonate), this study estimates the compaction trend ranges with exponential curves and equations. Numerical analysis of sedimentary compaction is performed to evaluate the variation of porosity and layer thickness with depth at key curves within the compaction trend ranges. In sandstone, initial porosity lies in a narrow range and decreases steadily with increasing depth, which results in relatively constant thickness variations. For shale, the porosity variation shows two phases which are fast reduction until ~2,000 m in depth and slow reduction at deeper burial, which corresponds to the thickness variation pattern of shale layers. Carbonate compaction is characterized by widely distributed porosity values, which results in highly varying layer thickness with depth. This numerical compaction analysis presents quantitatively the characteristics of porosity and layer thickness variation of each lithology, which influence on layer thickness reconstruction, subsidence and thermal effect analyses to understand the basin formation and evolution. This work demonstrates that the compaction trend is an important factor in basin modelling and underlines the need for appropriate application of porosity data to produce accurate analysis outcomes.