• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2011

최근 지구온난화에 따른 이상기후로 강우가 집중되는 돌발강우가 발생하여 지류의 수위를 급속도로 증가시켜 도심에서도 침수가 발생하는 경우가 발생하고 있다. 이에 대한 해결방법으로는 구조적인 대책과 비구조적인 대책으로 나눌 수 있으며 대표적인 구조적 대책으로 고지수로가 있다. 고지수로는 지류의 상류인 고지대에서 발생되는 유출량을 지류로 직접 흘려보내지 않고 지류의 하류나 본류로 직접 방류하여 지류가 부담하는 홍수량을 분담시켜 홍수의 피해를 경감시키는 역할을 한다. 따라서 고지수로의 유량을 모니터링 하는 것은 홍수방어 대책에 중요한 역할을 한다. 고지수로의 유량을 측정하는 다양한 방법 중 위어를 이용한 개수로에서 유량 측정은 경제적이지만 에너지 손실이 크고 위어의 직상류에 토사가 퇴적된다는 단점이 있다. 반면 파샬플륨은 퇴사에 관한 문제가 거의 발생하지 않는다. 따라서 파샬플륨은 토사유입이 많은 고지수로에서 위어에 비해 상대적으로 유리한 유량계측기라 할 수 있다. 또한 수로의 횡단을 막고 낙차를 두어 유량을 산정하는 위어에 비해 에너지의 손실이 작아 돌발강우와 같은 큰 규모의 유출량을 빠르게 배제시키는 데에도 적합한 유량계측기이다. 파샬플륨의 형상은 그림 1과 같으며 본 연구에서는 3차원 수치모의를 이용하여 ISO에서 제안한 파샬플륨의 유량산정공식을 검증하고 고지수로에 파샬플륨을 경사로 설치하였을 때를 고려하여 다양한 유량조건에 대해서 수치모의를 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 그림 2에 도시하였다. 수치모의 결과를 바탕으로 파샬플륨의 경사를 고려한 새로운 유량산정공식을 도출하였다. 이는 고지수로에 적용하는 파샬플륨의 설계 시에 실질적이고 유용한 참고자료로 활용이 가능할 것이라고 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.466-469
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• 2011

Acrylic Polymer는 충격보강재 및 가공조제 등의 용도로 다양한 산업현장에서 사용되어지고 있는데, 본 제품 제조회사에서 고객사로 제품 납품 후 원료 투입 중 분진폭발이 발생하여 본 위험성평가를 의뢰하였다. 분진의 위험 특성에 대한 분석은 일반적으로 퇴적분진(Dust Layers)와 부유분진(Dust Clouds)으로 구별되어진다. 본 연구에서는 스위스 Kuhner사에서 제작된 분진폭발장치를 이용하여 아크릴 부유분진의 화재.폭발위험성에 대하여 고찰하였다. Acrylic Polymer 부유분진의 폭발위험성은 최대폭발압력 약 6bar, 최대폭발압력상승속도 67 bar/s, Kst 값은 $18m{\cdot}bar/s$로 폭발등급으로 구분하면 St1 [0$bar{\cdot}m/s$]으로 분류되어 "폭발에 의한 위험성이 낮은 분진"에 속하며, 최소점화에너지(MIE)는 300 mJ < MIE < 1,000 mJ로 Normal Sensitivity로서 정전기와 같은 점화원 제거만으로도 어느 정도 충분히 폭발 등을 방지 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1340-1352
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• 2008

In this study, S-wave velocity range is gauged in every field test method at the total 5 locations in the marine deposits in Incheon area. field test method is accomplished the SPT(Standard Penetration Test), CPT(Cone Penetration Test), SPS(Suspension PS Logger), SCPT (Seismic Cone Penetration Test) and so on. The S-wave velocity of SCPT in the downhole test method is measured lower than SPS logger at the N value > 15 range. But at the N value < 15 range, SPS logger and SCPT result is measured same. In this result, although the soil strength of the downhole test method increased, the rate of S-wave velocity is tend to be slowed. This result shows that the downhole test is difficult to apply at the place that the intensity of soil is more extreme and harder soil. And it shows that the existing Imai(1982) type that is mostly used within the country is not suitable for the marine deposits. Thus, the empirical formula that can show the range of S-wave velocity in each N value for domestic soil is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.5912-5918
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• 2014

Owing to highly developed industries and the use of fossil fuels, environmental problems becoming becoming pressing issues globally. Therefore, a study of automobile exhaust is urgently needed. Generally, air is sucked into the engine through the intake manifold. The aims of this study were to reduce the exhaust from used cars and increase the output by removing carbon deposits, which are considered a reason for the increasing exhaust and reduction of output, and the reduction of exhaust, variation of output and stability of idle speed were analyzed. The formation of carbon deposits within the suction manifold was investigated through a test device (KD147). In the intake manifold, the exhaust cleaning effect was confirmed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.476-476
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• 2023

해저면에 놓인 물체는 주변의 국소 흐름 변화에 의해 해저면 전단응력이 국부적으로 변화하는 과정에서 침식과 퇴적이 발생하게 되면서 해저면 지형의 변화에 의해 움직임이 발생한다. 이때 물체의 크기, 무게, 밀도와 형상에 따라 구름, 미끄러짐, 액상화 현상 또한 동반 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 해저면에 놓인 물체의 시간변화에 따른 매몰심 변화를 예측하고자 하였다. 물체는 원형 단면의 실린더 형태로 고려했다. 시간변화에 따른 매몰심 변화를 평형 매몰심으로의 접근속도에 관련된 인수와 매몰심 변화량으로 기본방적식을 구성하였고, 이를 유한 차분식으로 수립하였다. 최종 평형 매몰심 계산은 Friedrichs et al.(2016)의 경험식을 사용하였다. 앞선 연구에서 김효섭 등(2016)은 시간에 따른 세굴심 변화 모델 STEP-K를 제시한 바 있다. 시간변화에 따른 연직방향 실린더 주변에서의 국소세굴심을 예측하는 기법으로, 해저면에 놓인 수평방향 물체 주변의 매몰심 발달을 예측하기 위해 매몰 발생에 대한 시간의 척도를 새롭게 제안하였다. STEP-K에서 사용했던 KC수를 대신해 흐름-단주기 파랑 공조시의 해저면의 전단응력을 대표할 수 있는 대표전단응력을 사용할 수 있게 하였다. 보정계수를 통해 현장 또는 실험실 단위의 자료가 가용한 경우 식을 보정할 수 있다. 제안한 매몰심 예측기법은 Elmore et al.(2007)의 매몰실험 관측자료를 활용하여 보정하였다. 결과적으로 보정자료에 대한 시간에 따른 매몰심의 변화양상을 잘 재현하였으며, 향후 우리나라 해양환경 자료를 활용한 보정을 통해 적용성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2000

Depths to four seismic sequence boundaries and the thickness of each sequence were estimated and mapped based on multi-channel seismic data in the Ulleung Basin. These depth-structure and isopach maps were incorporated into the interpretation of gravity and magnetic anomaly maps. The sediment thickness ranges from 3,000 m to 4,000 m in the central basin, while it reaches 6,000 m locally along the southwestern, western, and southeastern margins. The acoustic basement forms a northeast-southwest elongated depression deeper than 5000 m, and locally deepens up to 7,500 m in the southwestern and western margins. Low gravity anomalies along the western and southern margins are associated with basement depressions with thick sediment as well as the transitional crust between the continental and oceanic crusts. Higher gravity anomalies, dominant in the central Ulleung basin, broaden from southwest toward northeast, are likely due to the shallow mantle and a dense crust. A pair of magnetic elongations in the southeastern and northwestern margins appear to separate the central Ulleung basin from its margin. These magnetic elongations are largely dominated by intrusive or extrusive volcanics which occurred along the rifted margin of the Ulleung basin formed during the basin opening. The crust in the central Ulleung Basin, surrounded by the magnetic elongations, is possibly oceanic as inferred from the seismic velocity. The oceanic crust can be mapped in the central zone where it widens to 120 km from the southwest toward northeast. Bending of the crustal boundary in the southern part of the Ulleung Basin suggests that the Ulleung Basin has been deformed by a collision of the Phillipine plate into the Japan arc.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.1 s.110
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• pp.45-53
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• 2005

The environmental change of Yong-nup in Mt. Dae-Am, which is located at the northern part of Kangwon-Do, Korea, was assesed with peat sedimentary carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. The surface layer of the peat (0 ${\sim}$ 5 cm) was 190 year BP, and the middle layers (30 ${\sim}$ 35 cm and 50 ${\sim}$ 55 cm) were 870 year BP and 1900 year BP, respectively. Bulk sedimentation rate was estimated to be about 0.4 mm $year^{-1}$ for 0 cm to 30 cm and 0.15 mm $year^{-1}$ for 35 cm to 50 cm. The $^{14}C$ age of the bottom sediment (75 ${\sim}$ 80 cm) collected and measured in this study was about 1900 year BP, although it was measured that the $^{14}C$ of the lowest bottom sediment in Yong-nup was 4105 ${\pm}$ 175 year BP (GX-23200). Since the $^{14}C$ ages for 50 ${\sim}$ 55 cm and 75 ${\sim}$ 80 cm layers were almost the same as 1890 ${\pm}$ 80 fear BP (NUTA 5364) and 1850 ${\pm}$ 90 year BP (NUTA 5462), respectively, we have estimated that the deep layers (55 ${\sim}$ 80 cm) in the high moor were the original forest soil. The low organic C and N contents in the deeper layers supported the inference. The sediment of 50 ${\sim}$ 55 cm layer contains much sandy material and showed very low organic content, suggesting the erosion (flooding) from the surrounding area. In this context, the Yong-nup, high moor, of Mt. Dae-Am, might have developed to the sampling site at about 1900 year BP. The ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of organic carbon and the ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of total nitrogen in the peat sediments fluctuated with the depths. The profile of ${\delta}^{13}C$ may indicate that the Yong-nup of Mt. Dae-Am have experienced the dry-wet and cool-warm period cycles during the development of the high moor. The ${\delta}^{15}N$ may indicate that the nitrogen cycling in the Yong-nup have changed from the closed (regeneration depending) system to the open (rain $NO_3\;^-$ and $N_2$ fixation depending) system during the development of the high moor.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.2 no.2 s.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 1994

Analysis of the aeromagnetic data aquired by US Navy in the year 1969 permits us to predict a new sedimentary basin, Heugsan Basin, south of the known Gunsan Basin in Block Ⅱ. The basin appears to consist of three sub-basins trending NNW-SSE. The results of our analysis provide not only an independent assessment of the Gunsan Basin, but also new important information on the tectonic origin and mechanism for the two basins as well as for the entire region. The basin forming tectonic style is interpreted as rhombochasm associated with double overstepped left-lateral wrench faults. From the magnetic evidence, a few NE-SW trending major onshore faults are extended to the study area. We also interpreted the nature of the faults to be left-lateral wrenches. This new gross structural style is consistent with the results of recent Yeongdong Basin analysis by Lee. The senses of fault movement are also supported by the paleomagnetic evidence that the Philippine Sea had experienced an 80-degree clockwise rotation since the Eocene. Based on a 2 $\frac{1}{2}$ model study the probable maximum thickness of the sediments in the Gunsan Basin is approximately 7500 meters. We believe that the new Heugsan Basin was left unidentified because a high velocity layer may be overlying the basin. Because the overall structural configuration of the Heugsan Basin appears to be favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation, a detailed airborne magnetic survey is recommended in the area in order to verify the magnetic expression of this thick basin. A detailed subsequent marine gravity survey is also recommended in order to delineate the sedimentary section and to acquire supplemental data to the magnetic method only if an overlying high velocity layer is confirmed. Otherwise a high energy source seismic survey may be more effective.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.45-59
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• 2023

The global focus on mitigating climate change has traditionally centered on carbon dioxide, but recent attention has shifted towards methane as a crucial factor in climate change adaptation. Natural settings, particularly aquatic environments such as wetlands, reservoirs, and lakes, play a significant role as sources of greenhouse gases. The accumulation of organic contaminants on the lake and reservoir beds can lead to the microbial decomposition of sedimentary material, generating greenhouse gases, notably methane, under anaerobic conditions. The escalation of methane emissions in freshwater is attributed to the growing impact of non-point sources, alterations in water bodies for diverse purposes, and the introduction of structures such as river crossings that disrupt natural flow patterns. Furthermore, the effects of climate change, including rising water temperatures and ensuing hydrological and water quality challenges, contribute to an acceleration in methane emissions into the atmosphere. Methane emissions occur through various pathways, with ebullition fluxes-where methane bubbles are formed and released from bed sediments-recognized as a major mechanism. This study employs Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests to analyze and quantify the factors influencing methane gas emissions. Methane production rates are measured under diverse conditions, including temperature, substrate type (glucose), shear velocity, and sediment properties. Additionally, numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the relationship between fluid shear stress on the sand bed and methane ebullition rates. The findings reveal that biochemical factors significantly influence methane production, whereas shear velocity primarily affects methane ebullition. Sediment properties are identified as influential factors impacting both methane production and ebullition. Overall, this study establishes empirical relationships between bubble dynamics, the Weber number, and methane emissions, presenting a formula to estimate methane ebullition flux. Future research, incorporating specific conditions such as water depth, effective shear stress beneath the sediment's tensile strength, and organic matter, is expected to contribute to the development of biogeochemical and hydro-environmental impact assessment methods suitable for in-situ applications.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.293-308
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• 2003

New results about the crustal structure down to a depth of 60 km beneath North Korea were obtained using the seismic tomography method. About 1013 P- and S-wave travel times from local earthquakes recorded by the Korean stations and the vicinity were used in the research. All earthquakes were relocated on the basis of an algorithm proposed in this study. Parameterization of the velocity structure is realized with a set of nodes distributed in the study volume according to the ray density. 120 nodes located at four depth levels were used to obtain the resulting P- and S-wave velocity structures. As a result, it is found that P- and S-wave velocity anomalies of the Rangnim Massif at depth of 8 km are high and low, respectively, whereas those of the Pyongnam Basin are low up to 24 km. It indicates that the Rangnim Massif contains Archean-early Lower Proterozoic Massif foldings with many faults and fractures which may be saturated with underground water and/or hot springs. On the other hand, the Pyongyang-Sariwon in the Pyongnam Basin is an intraplatform depression which was filled with sediments for the motion of the Upper Proterozoic, Silurian and Upper Paleozoic, and Lower Mesozoic origin. In particular, the high P- and S-wave velocity anomalies are observed at depth of 8, 16, and 24 km beneath Mt. Backdu, indicating that they may be the shallow conduits of the solidified magma bodies, while the low P-and S-wave velocity anomalies at depth of 38 km must be related with the magma chamber of low velocity bodies with partial melting. We also found the Moho discontinuities beneath the Origin Basin including Sari won to be about 55 km deep, whereas those of Mt. Backdu is found to be about 38 km. The high ratio of P-wave velocity/S-wave velocity at Moho suggests that there must be a partial melting body near the boundary of the crust and mantle. Consequently we may well consider Mt. Backdu as a dormant volcano which is holding the intermediate magma chamber near the Moho discontinuity. This study also brought interesting and important findings that there exist some materials with very high P- and S-wave velocity annomoalies at depth of about 40 km near Mt. Myohyang area at the edge of the Rangnim Massif shield.