• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Real sized open type biofilter system was manufactured to control the odor generated from the agitated composting system which composted swine manure and sawdust mixtures. The aim of this research was to develop a biofilter system using matured compost and to evaluate the performance of the biofilter system. Average ammonia reduction rate through the biofilter was 84% during about two month period of composting. The maximum ammonia concentration after filtering was 45ppm lower than allowable value of 50ppm. It was concluded that compost can be used as a biofilter materials.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 1999

A biofilter was established to remove the ammonia, which is representative nitrogen-contained malodorous gas. in a compost factory. Removal efficiency of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide also was investigated. A quantity of malodor gas produced in a compost factory was affected greatly by the weather. compost states and working condition of a fertilizing mixer, and the produced gas concentrations doubled by above various parameters. By operating a water scrubbing system for removing water-soluble malodorous gases effectively. we could improve the removal efficiency over three times. We investigated long-term stability of biofilter under continuous gas flow(SV=500h-1) for 100 days. The results showed 30 days of microbial retention time. After the days, deodorization efficiency of biofilter was kept steady state. and the removal efficiency was kept over 95% for ammonia and 97% for hydrogen so]fide. respectively. The electric consumption of the biofilter, which could treat malodorous gas of 100$\textrm{m}^3$/min, applied in the compost factory was evaluated about 80u0day and water consumption was 80~100$\ell$/day. These results concluded that the biofilter is a excellent deodorization technology as well as cost-effective for removing malodorous gas produced in a compost factory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.387-392
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• 2001

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 1999

The recent emergence of biofiltration as a cost effective waste-gas control technology has stimulated in European countries and the USA. Biofiltration of soil vapor extraction off-gas from gasoline contaminated site was simulated in lab-scale in this study. A filling material used was a compost. This study was conducted to evaluate biofiltration characteristics of the compost material for gasoline off-gas. TPH elimination capacity at the gas loading rate of about 50g/$\textrm{m}^3$((filling material)/hr was circa 40g/$\textrm{m}^3$((filling material)/hr. Removal rate of xylene was the highest among BTEX. while it was the lowest in case of bezene. The maximum elimination capacity of the compost was about 1.5g/$\textrm{m}^3$((filling material)/hr for benzene. More than 95% of trimethylbenzene and naphtalene were removed below the loading rate of 0.7g/㎥(filling material)/hr. About 80% of total TPH and BTEX were removed by biodegradation.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2000

Biofiltration is an environmentally-sound technology for elimination of VOCs and odorous compound from low-concentration, high-volume waste gas streams because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. It can be appled to the treatment of gases from publicly owned treatment works, composting facilities, landfill sites, and soil vapor extraction systems. The ability to design an effective biofilter system involves a combination of fundamental biofilter knowledge, practical experience, and bench- and pilot-scale testing. The objective of this paper was to review principle, design parameters, operational conditions, case studies, and economy of biofiltration through literature.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.124-130
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• 2000

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of gas retention time and filling depth of a compost-based biofilter on removal of vapor phase gasoline and to suggest operational improving method. Gas empty bed retention times(EBRTs) were 4, 10, and 20 minutes, respectively. EBRT of over 10 minutes was required in both cases of TPH(total petroleum hydrocarbons) and BTEK (bezene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene). Filling depths were 25, 50, 75, and 100cm, respectively. To treat gasoline TPH effectively, controlling other operational parameters including EBRT and gas loading rate was more important than increasing filling depth simply. 1m filling depth was sufficient in treating BTEX without controlling other operational parameters greatly.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.568-574
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• 2013

A semi-pilot biofilter packed with media with immobilized Thiobacillus sp. IW and return sludge, was operated under various operating conditions in order to treat malodorous waste air containing both hydrogen sulfide and ammonia which are major air pollutants emitted from composting factories and many publicly owned treatment works (POTW). At the incipient and middle stages of a semi-pilot biofilter operation, the hydrogen sulfide-removal efficiency behaves regardless of an inlet-load of ammonia. However, the ammonia-removal efficiency decreased as an inlet-load of hydrogen sulfide increased. Nevertheless, at the final stage of the semi-pilot biofilter operation, the ammonia-removal efficiency was not affected by the increase of hydrogen sulfide-inlet load. It is attributed to that a serious acidification of semi-pilot biofilter-media did not occur due to continuous injection of buffer solution at the final stage of the semi-pilot biofilter operation. When both hydrogen sulfide and ammonia contained in malodorous waste air were treated simultaneously by semi-pilot biofilter, the maximum elimination capacities of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia turned out to be ca. 58 and $30g/m^3/h$, respectively. These maximum elimination capacities were estimated to be ca. 39 and 46% less than those for lab-scaled biofilter-separate elimination of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, respectively. Thus, for the simultaneous biofilter-treatment of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, the maximum elimination capacity of ammonia decreased by 7% more than that of hydrogen sulfide.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.149-154
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• 2012

The adsorption and desorption behavior of biofilter-medium was investigated on the performance of an adsorption column. Continuous flow-isothermal adsorption experiments were performed to treat waste air containing such a VOC as ethanol under the same condition of > 90% relative humidity as the condition of the feed to a biofilter process. In case of feeding waste air containing ethanol of 1,000 ppmv (or 2,050 mg ethanol/$m^3$) to the adsorption system at the rate of 2 L/min, the onsets of its breakthrough and reaching the state of dynamic equilibrium at the exit had been delayed 10 and 3 times, respectively, later than those at the 1st stage sampling port. Moreover, in case of 2,000 ppmv (or 4,100 mg ethanol/$m^3$), they had been delayed 9 and 3 times, respectively. Thus, regardless of feeding concentration, the ratios of delaying period were observed to be quite consistent each other at the exit of the adsorption column. With regard to the period of desorption, the ratios of delaying period were consistent each other to be 1.5 for both cases. In addition, the effect of microbial activity and sterilization-process was studied on adsorption equilibrium. The ethanol concentration in the vapor phase of vials packed with sterilized granular activated carbon (GAC) was quite consistent to that with unsterilized GAC. However, the ethanol concentrations in the vapor phase of vials packed with unsterilized compost and the unsterilized mixture of GAC and compost were higher than those with sterilized compost and the sterilized mixture of GAC and compost, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.70-76
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• 2001

Proper design and improvement of the biofiltration process depend upon quantitative understanding of the kinetic behavior in the biofilter. This study was conducted to evaluate kinetics of biofiltration of gasoline vapor. Filling material of the biofilter was compost. Gas inlet concentration ranged from about $300mg/m^3$ to $7,000mg/m^3$. Gas velocities were 6m/hr and 15m/hr, respectively. At 6m/hr gas velocity, about 60% of gasoline TPH below $3,000mg/m^3$ was removed in the lower quarter part of the biofilter. First order kinetics described well the degradation rate of gasoline TPH with high correlation. First order kinetic removal constant at the gas velocity of 6m/hr was higher than that of 15m/hr from about $300mg/m^3$ to $7,000mg/m^3$. When the inlet concentration was over $3,000mg/m^3$, first order kinetic removal constant at the gas velocity of 6m/hr was over twice that at 15m/hr. In order to obtain over 80% of removal efficiency, gasoline vapor should be injected into the biofilter at concentration below about $2,000mg/m^3$, 100cm filling height and the gas velocity of 6m/hr.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2014

A semi-pilot hybrid system composed of a photocatalytic reactor and a biofilter was operated under various operating conditions in order to treat malodorous waste air containing both hydrogen sulfide and ammonia which are major air pollutants emitted from composting factories and many publicly owned treatment works (POTW). When both hydrogen sulfide and ammonia contained in malodorous waste air were treated simultaneously by a biofilter system, its performance of ammonia removal was much more poor than that by a biofilter system treating waste air containing only ammonia, unlike its performance of hydrogen sulfide removal. For semi-pilot hybrid system, the removal efficiencies of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia turned out to be ca. 83 and 65%, respectively. Therefore, for semi-pilot hybrid system, the removal efficiencies of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia was increased by ca. 4 and 30%, respectively, compared to those of semi-pilot biofilter system (control). In addition, the maximum elimination capacities of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia for semi-pilot hybrid system turned out to be ca. 60 and $37g/m^3/h$, respectively. These maximum elimination capacities of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia were estimated to be ca. 9.1% and ca. 23.3% greater than those for semi-pilot biofilter system (control), respectively. Therefore, the semi-pilot hybrid system contributed the enhancement of removal efficiency and the maximum elimination capacity of ammonia in a higher degree than that of hydrogen sulfide, compared to the semi-pilot biofilter system.