• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2014

Purpose: Citron seed oil (CSO) has been reported to have high antioxidant activity. However, the composition and other biologically activities of CSO have not been reported. In this study, we confirmed the fatty acid composition of CSO, which may be beneficial to vascular disease and obesity. Methods: We investigated the oil composition of CSO using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and cytotoxicity was confirmed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured using Griess reagent, and lipid accumulation and leptin secretion in 3T3-L1 cells were measured by Oil-Red O staining and commercial ELISA kit, respectively. Results: GC-MS analysis indicated that CSO contains several components, including linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid, and arachidic acid. In physiological activity analysis, CSO did not induce cytotoxic effects in HUVECs and 3T3-L1 cells. Further, CSO significantly induced nitric oxide and leptin secretion as well as inhibited lipid accumulation. Conclusion: CSO increased NO release, inhibited lipid accumulation, and induced leptin secretion, suggesting it may be useful for the management of vessels and weight gain. Although further studies are required to investigate the safety and mechanism of action of CSO, our results show that the composition and physiological activity of CSO are sufficient for its use as functional edible oil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 1996

본 조사는 경기도 용인에 위치한 명지대학교의 남녀 대학생 202명의 대상으로 일반 환경과 혈철지질, 혈압, 체지방량 측정 검사를 중심으로 이루어졌으며, 조사 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사 대상자의 신체발달 상황을 보면 남자의 평균 신장과 체중 및 비체중치는 173.1cm, 65.9kg, 38.03이였고, 여자는 16.7cm, 52.4kg, 32.6로 한국인 성인의 표준치와 매우 유사한 수치였다. 체지방량 비율은 남자 16.4, 여자 24.0으로 나타 설별에 따른 차이가 뚜렸하였다. 2, 조사 대상자들의 수축기와 이완기의 혈압은 평균 $125\pm123mmHg,$ $77.2\pm11.1mmHg이고,$ 남자와 여자의 수축기 혈압은 각각 $132.3\pm1.9mmHg,$ $118.1\pm1.6mmhg로$ 정상 범위였다.확장기 혈압은 남녀 각각 $80.5\pm11.0mmHgm$ $73.9\pm102.m,Hg였으며$ 역시 정상범위에 포함되었다. 3. 혈청 지질의 검사 결과는 Tc는 남자 175.2mg/dl, 여자 183.6mg/dl로 나타났고 TG는 남자 108.4mg/dl, 여자 72.0mg/dl로 나타나 통RP적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. (p<0.05). 또한 HDL-C는 남자 59.6mg/dl , 여자 64.3mg/dl 로 성별에 다른 유의적인 차이를 보였고 (p<0.05), LDL-C도 역시 남자 93.9mg/dl, 여자 104.8mg/dl로 나타나 통계적으로 성별에 다른 차이가 뚜렷하였다. (p<0.01). 조사결과 다른 연령층의 성인과는 달리 TG를 제외한 TC, H이-C, L이-C에 있어서 남자가 여자 보다 더 낮은 수치를 보였다. 4. 혈압에 따라 세 그룹으로 분류한 후 혈청 지질과의 관계를 보면, 수축기 혈아이 증가함에 따라 TC, TG, LDL-C은 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, HDL-C은 감소되었으나 통계적으인 유의성은 없었다. 이완기혈압의 겨우 89mmHg 이하 보다 90~94mmHg의 경우에 유의적으로 증가되었으며 (p<0.05) HDL-C은 감소하였으나 유의성은 없었다. 5. 혈정 지질과 비만도의 관계는 남녀 모두 양의 상관관계를 나타냈으나 여자보다 남자에서 뚜fut이 나타났다. 남자의 겨우 TC의 수치가 KI에 따라 110% 미만일 때 $169.7\pm31.5mg/dl,$ 110~120%일 때 $193.8\pm36.8mg/dl,$ 120% 이상 일 때 $202.2\pm29.3mg/dl로$ 비만도에 따른 유의적인 증가를 (p<0.05)보여주었으나 여자의 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. TG의 수치는 남자의 경우 KI가 110%미만인 그룹은 $102.9\pm108.2mg/dl,$ 120% 이상인 그룹은 $112.2\pm40.0mg/dl로$ 비만도가 증가함에 따라 TG가 증가되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었으며, 여자의 경우 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 남자의 경우 HDL-C은 비만도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였으나(p<0.05) 여자의 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 6. 조사 대상자의 체지방량 측정결과 체기방률은 남자의 겨우 16.4% 여자의 겨우 24.0%로 나타나 여자의 체지방률이 남자보다 높았다. 7. 신체계측치, 혈압, 혈청 지질간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 TC, TG는 KI, BMI와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였고 (p<0.01), HCL-C은 비체중, BMI, LBM, TBM와 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, (p<0.01), KI, SBP와도 음의 상관관계를 보였다. (p<0.05), LCL-C는 KI와 유의적이인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며 (p<0.01) BF%, TBF, BMI와도 양의 상관관계를 나타냈었다. (p<0.05). 또한 LPH, Al는 모두 나이, 비체중, BMI, KI와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. (p<0.01). 이상을 종합해 보면 본 조사 대상자들은 비만도가 높아질수록 혈청 지질 수준이 놓았으며, 이완기 혈압도 형철 지질과 상관관계를 나타났다. 대학생의 혈청 지질과 체지방에 대한 자료가 부족함을 고려할 때, 본 조사자료가 학생의 혈청지질의 체지방에 대한 기초 자료로서 이용될 것을 기대하며 보다 다각적인 연구가 이루어지기를 바라는 바이다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.4 s.99
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• pp.235-245
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• 2003

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PNAM appliance and cheiloplasty on alveolar molding. Samples consisted of 16 unilateral cleft lip and palate infants (10 males and 6 female, mean age=37.0 days after birth, average alveolar cleft gap=10.46m), who were treated with PNAM appliances by one orthodontist and rotation- advancement cheiloplasty by one surgeon in Seoul National University Hospital. Average duration of alveolar molding treatment was 13.10 weeks and these patients were recalled at average 8.31 weeks after cheiloplasty. These patients' models were obtained at initial visit (T0, mean age : $37.0\pm27.89$ days after birth), after successful alveolar molding (T1, mean age : $119.25\pm40.18$ days after birth), and after cheilopasty (T2, mean age : $190.81\pm42.78$ days after birth). Seven linear and five angular variables were measured using 1 : 1 photometry and soft ware program(V-ceph. Cybermed. Seoul, Korea). Paired t-test was performed to investigate statistical significance at p<0.05 level. 1 The posterior parts of alveolar segments were the stable structures during alveolar molding treatment period and after cheiloplasty in infants. 2. The closure of cleft gap during alveolar molding was usually due to backward bending of the whole part of the greater segment. 3. Although forward growth of the greater segment was hindered by alveolar molding, it resumed after cheiloplasty. 4. Increase of anterior inter-segment angle after cheiloplasty was due to the molding effect of the lip scar pressure.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2005

Purpose : We performed the study to evaluate the value of the follow-up echocardiogram performed 6 months to 1 year after the onset of Kawasaki disease(KD), as recommended by American Heart Association(AHA) guidelines, when echocardiograms in the convalescent period were normal. Methods : Patients were selected from 147 cases diagnosed with KD at Pusan Paik hospital from January 2000 to October 2003. A total of 45 KD patients belonged to AHA risk level I and II were performed follow-up echocardiography. The patient's medical records and echocardiogram were reviewed. Additionally, we sought the opinion of pediatric cardiologists on the subject by means of a multiple-choice survey. Results : 37 children were belonged to AHA risk level I and the remaining 8 patients were belonged to risk level II. Of these 45 children, none were noted to have abnormalities on later follow-up echocardiogram. In the results of questionnaire, 37 percent of the participants advocate no follow-up after convalescent period for risk level I, and 33.3 percent favor periodic follow-up with echocardiography for risk level II up to one year. But there were no consensus about the diagnostic criteria of coronary abnormalities and how to follow-up these patients. Conclusion : All children with KD should have an echocardiogram at present and a follow-up study 6 to 8 weeks after the onset of fever. However, additional echocardiographies are not justified if the 6- to 8-week follow-up echocardiogram is normal. We would recommend that the more reasonable diagnostic criteria for coronary abnormalities and the Korean guidelines for long-term cardiovascular management and follow-up of KD need to be established.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1512-1518
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• 2002

Purpose : Twins have a higher mortality and morbidity than singletons. Co-twin with one fetal death is particularly at risk. We investigated the neonatal outcome of live co-twins when one fetus had died after the 20th gestational week, and associated risk factors. Methods : A retrospective study was performed in fifteen cases of twin pregnancy with single intrauterine fetal deaths after the 20th gestational week during the period from January 1996 to December 2000 at Chonnam University Hospital. Results : Gestational age was $33.7{\pm}3.2weeks$, birth weight was $1,992{\pm}592g$. Interval between one fetal death being detected and the delivery of a live co-twin was $32.4{\pm}29.5days$. There were 11 cases(73.3%) of premature babies less than 37 gestational weeks. Main causes of preterm delivery were preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. Hematologic findings suggesting disseminated intravascular coagulopathy(DIC) were not found in all mothers before delivery, and was not associated with DIC and encephalomalacia of the live co-twin. Perinatal outcome of fifteen live co-twins was as follows : six were normal(40%), three were DIC(20.0%), three were encephalomalacia(20.0%), one suffered intrauterine growth retardation, there was one case of twin to twin transfusion syndrome, and one of congenital heart disease(atrial septal defect with pulmonary stenosis). The occurrence of DIC and encephalomalacia in live co-twins was not related to placental chorionicity, birth weight, gestational week, and the interval between the detection one fetal death and the delivery of a live co-twin. Conclusion : We could not find any maternal hematologic problems in twin pregnancies complicated by one fetal death. Twenty percent of live co-twins showed DIC and encephalomalacia. However, its associated risk factors were not found. We need to investigate more closely the cases of live co-twins with one intrauterine fetal death.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.548-553
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• 2010

Purpose : IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most commonly occurring form of chronic glomerulonephritis in pediatric cases. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have been implicated in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HLA-G gene and childhood IgAN. Methods : The authors analyzed and compared $HLA-G$ gene SNPs (rs1736936 and rs2735022) in 174 patients with childhood IgAN and in 438 healthy controls. In addition, IgAN patients were dichotomized and compared with respect to proteinuria (< and >$4mg/m^2/hour$), the presence or absence of podocyte foot process effacement, and the presence of pathologically early and advanced disease markers such as interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, or global sclerosis. Results : No significant SNP frequency differences were observed for the $HLA-G$ gene between IgAN patients and the control group. Moreover, no significantly associated SNP was observed with the presence of proteinuria, podocyte foot process effacement, or pathologically advanced markers. However, the haplotype, composed of rs1736936 and rs2735022, showed a significant association with the susceptibility to develop childhood IgAN (haplotype T/C: dominant model, $P$=0.049; haplotype C/T: recessive model, $P$=0.030). Conclusion : Our results indicate that rs1736936 and rs2735022 as the $HLA-G$ gene promoter haplotype might be associated with the susceptibility to develop childhood IgAN in the Korean population.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.538-547
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• 2010

Purpose : This study aims to compare the outcome of total body irradiation (TBI)- or non-TBI-containing conditioning regimens for leukemia in children. Methods : We retrospectively evaluated 77 children conditioned with TBI (n=40) or non-TBI (n=37) regimens, transplanted at Chonnam National University Hospital between January 1996 and December 2007. The type of transplantation, disease status at the time of transplant, conditioning regimen, engraftment kinetics, development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), complications, cause of deaths, overall survival (OS), and event-free survival (EFS) were compared between the 2 groups. Results : Among 34 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 28 (82.4%) were in the TBI group, while 72.7% (24/33) of patients with myeloid leukemia were in the non-TBI group. Although the 5-year EFS of the 2 groups was similar for all patients (62% vs 63%), the TBI group showed a better 5-year EFS than the non-TBI group when only ALL patients were analyzed (65% vs 17%; $P$=0.005). In acute myelogenous leukemia patients, the non-TBI group had better survival tendency (73% vs 38%; $P$=0.089). The incidence of GVHD, engraftment, survival, cause of death, and late complications was not different between the 2 groups. Conclusion : The TBI and non-TBI groups showed comparable results, but the TBI group showed a significantly higher 5-year EFS than the non-TBI group in ALL patients. Further prospective, randomized controlled studies involving larger number of patients are needed to assess the late-onset complications and to compare the socioeconomic quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1558-1566
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine dietitians' perception of importance about standards of foodservice management associated with long-term care hospital accreditation. This study was carried out through a postal survey consisting of 500 questionnaires, and 157 returned questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. The results were summarized as follows. Average scores of perception of importance were 4.54/5 points in foodservice production management domain, 4.56/5 points in foodservice facilities management domain, and 4.70/5 points in foodservice sanitation domain. The average scores of importance of long-term care hospitals without accreditation were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of hospitals with accreditation in items of 'establishment of ventilation equipment in kitchen', 'establishment of hand-washstand in toilet (warm-water, soap)', 'setup of sterilizing foothold in entrance of kitchen and toilet', 'division and use of knife, chopping board, gloves, and utensils before and after cook', 'establishment of cleaning plan and cyclic practice', and 'recording of receiving diary'. Results indicate that there is a need to supplement a casebook of regulations by suggesting detailed and critical limits in the case of below average points of importance. A manual, including HACCP standards for foodservice management of long-term care hospitals, is needed, along with education and webpage for comparing notes on accreditation of long-term care hospitals.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.395-406
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• 2009

Fifty four Hanwoo steers in final fattening period were assigned to 3 groups control, top dressed $PROSOL^{(R)}$ as an emulsifier (TP) and DSP group (experimental diet made to down spec of nutrients with $PROSOL^{(R)}$, which is sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate), based on the body weight (647.96${\pm}$41.31 kg) and months of age (27.3${\pm}$0.8 mo), and the experiment was conducted to establish the reasonable fattening method of Hanwoo steers for 91 days. Average daily body gains during trial were 0.94, 0.84 and 0.98 kg in control, TP and DSP, respectively (P=0.011). DDMI/ADG of TP group tend to lightly improving compared to control and DSP group (P=0.692). There was no effect of supplementation of the $PROSOL^{(R)}$ in concentrates on growth rate, feed efficiency and shrinkage in Hanwoo steers during the short final fattening period. MQI from TP and DSP was not different based on the rib-eye area and carcass weight in carcass than that from control. Back fat thickness tended to be thicker than control (P>0.05). Marbling score, texture and maturity for TP and DSP was abundantly to increase compared to control (P<0.003). There was significantly increment in supplemented $PROSOL^{(R)}$ (P<0.0001). The meat quality grade of control, TP and DSP were 2.94, 3.78 and 4.50, respectively. Related to this result, the auction price (carcass/kg) were gained significantly (P<0.003) from control (17,560), TP (18,586) and DSP (19,266 won) so which the monetary return was the highest in DSP and the differences was recognized between TP and DSP. Percentage over 1st grade appeared in control, TP and DSP were 55.4, 88.9 and 100.0%, respectively. These results supported the hypothesis that supplementation of emulsifier improve the marbling score and the carcass quality grade by increased digestibilities of the feed fat in Hanwoo steers in fattening period.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.1320-1323
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• 2008

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic status of Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants ${\leq}6months$ of age. Methods : For the epidemiologic study of KD in Korea, data from 22,674 KD patients were collected from 1997 to 2005 on a 3-year basis by a retrospective survey. From this survey, data of 1,739 KD patients ${\leq}6months$ of age were analyzed and compared with those of KD patients >6 months of age. Results : A total of 1,739 patients ${\leq}6months$ of age, including 1,088 males and 651 females, represented 7.7% of total KD patients. These subjects included 22 patients aged <1 month, 171 patients aged 1-2 months, 304 patients aged 2-3 months, 407 patients aged 3-4 months, 372 patients aged 4-5 months, and 463 patients aged 5-6 months. Their mean age of onset was 4.3 months, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.67:1. Incidences of coronary arterial (CA) abnormalities (21.0% versus 18.7%) and CA aneurysms (4.7% versus 3.1%) detected by echocardiography showed differences between patients with KD younger and older than 6 months, respectively. Conclusion : Comparison of data from KD patients >6 months old with data from 1,739 KD patients ${\leq}6months$ old showed significantly higher incidences of CA abnormalities and CA aneurysms in the younger patients.