• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1312-1326
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the 12-week Nordic walking can improve the physical function and arthritis pain of elderly women with osteoarthritis This study were divided into randomly assigned Nordic Walking Exercise Group (n=9) and Control Group (n=7) for 16 Elderly women diagnosed with Osteoarthritis (age: 73±3.79 year, height: 154.3±4.09 cm). The exercise group used Nordic sticks to carry out 30 minutes of Nordic walking exercise three times a week for 12 weeks, and the kinetic intensity was set at 40-60% of HRR. The control group maintained daily life for the same period. Body composition (weight, percentage body fat, skeletal muscle mass), muscular strength, Flexibility (muscular strength of upper and lower limbs, flexibility of upper and lower limbs), balance ability (static balance, dynamic balance) and pain level were measured as subordinate variables. These indicators were measured twice before and after the exercise program. The study shows that percentage body fat and skeletal muscle mass in the body composition function over 12 weeks of Nordic walking exercise have significant effects after the exercise than before (p=004)(p=.003), and it also shows significant interaction effects between the groups and timings(p=.018)(p=.005). In muscular strength, Flexibility factors, there were significant effects between the groups and timings in the upper limb muscular strength and the lower limb flexibility (p=.009)(p=.036), and a significant difference between the exercise group and the control group(p=.006) in the lower limb muscular strength. In addition, in the upper limb flexibility, there was a more significant difference after the exercise than before(p=.020). There were improvement effects after the exercise than before in the balance ability and the static balance(p=.016), but no difference in the dynamic balance(p>.05). In pain, there was a significant improvement after the exercise than before(p=.022), and a significant difference between the exercise group and the control group(p=.013). In conclusion, the 12-week Nordic walking exercise has positive effects on the body composition functions of the elderly women with Osteoarthritis, and has a positive effect on the improvement of upper limb muscular strength and lower limb flexibility in the health fitness factors. These effects are believed to have contributed effectively to the improvement of the level of pain by contributing to the improvement of physical and motor functions of the elderly women with Osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is considered that Nordic walking exercise, which enhances stability and balance of the patients with Osteoarthritis by using poles, is an effective exercise method for the improvement of the body and motor functions by lowering the pain of the joints and reducing the muscular strength and percentage body fat.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2003

Indoor air quality(IAQ) in workplace and residential environments has been concern of people. Recently, Ministry of Environment in Korea has recognized the potential risk on the healthy effect related to indoor air pollution at home. Therefore, the purpose of this study was performed to measure the indoor air pollutants of IAQ at different homes and investigate to compare the perception of IAQ recognition at home from questionnaire survey in Seoul. We estimated the IAQ of selected 6 homes based on site region and housing type. The indoor air pollutants and parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, respirable suspended particulate matter($PM_{10}$), formaldehyde(HCHO), total bacteria counts, carbon monooxide(CO) and carbon dioxide($CO_2$) were monitored for summer and winter. In monitoring results, the respirable suspended particulate matter(($PM_{10}$) and indoor airborne bacteria level of home 5 and 6 were higher than the standard of the public $150{\;}{\mu}g/m^3$ and $500{\;}{\mu}g/m^3$, the level formaldehyde(HCHO) was exceed 0.1 ppm of the standard of Korea at all monitored homes. In statistics analysis, we could find a correlation between the building age and the concentration of CO, TBC were significant at 0.01 level and Relative Humidity was significant at 0.05 level for summer. Finally, the important air pollutants of IAQ in home were HCHO and total bacteria counts(TBC). And we performed a questionnaire survey of 500 people about their awareness for the importance of IAQ in our home during same period. In results, all most response of occupant has recognized the importance of IAQ at home. Therefore, it can be concluded that the IAQ of selected 6 home studied was perceived as acceptable, it is recommended that the government related IAQ was suggested the guideline and control of IAQ problems, and the occupants need to be effort to reduce the exposure of sources to undesirable pollutants.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2008

To establish the diagnosis and treatment plan for skeletal Class II malocclusion, patient's skeletal morphology, prognosis as well as the treatment effect is one of the important factor to consider. Therefore, the present study classified analyzed the difference between initial(T1) and after use of activator(T2), and after finish of direct multi-bonding system treatment(T3) for Class II malocclusion during growth period according to the treatment result(effective body length) and morphology of vertical skeletal type. The experimental group was classified into two groups(1 group, 2 group) according to the effective body length change between before and after use of activator, showed good treatment effect of activator for patient with small mandible and large differential between maxilla and mandible, and short anterior facial height. And the difference between 1 and 2 group in the experimental group before treatment(T1) disappeared in the finished treatment(T3). But in contrast, the initial difference of T1 stage between a and b group in the control group did not disappear in the finished treatment(T3). In short, experimental group's treatment effect was much better than contrast group and the treatment effect was maintained and got stable results at comparison experimental group with contrast group. Through this study, we can find activator's treatment effect and stable retention of that in growing Class II malocclusion patients. By estimate of activator treatment effect through these results, we can establish the correct diagnosis and treatment plan for adolescent Class II malocclusion estimate of activator treatment effect and lead the ideal facial growth pattern.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2009

This study was to investigate of body perception, attitude on weight-control and self-esteem according to the weight group of high school students. Using the questionnaires taken by 777 first grade students in six high schools in Daegu, this study was conducted from August 20th to September 10th in 2007. Statistical data analysis were completed using the SPSS 12.0 program. The results of this study were as follows : First, girls are more interested in weight-control than boys, especially about obesity. As a result, they try to control their weight to lose weight in high school days with the right perception of weight. They also have good knowledge about weight-control and cut down the food intake. We need to study more about the reason why the self-esteem of girls' obesity group is high. Second, most of the boys controled weight for their health and they did exercise to lose weight and they are more satisfied with the result of weight-control and self-esteem than girls. About the body type, boys got affected by friends, and girls by TV. In boys' case, as the BMI is low and the difference between their present weight and ideal weight is small, they are more satisfied with the result of weight-control and prefer physical activities. In girls' case, as the BMI is low and their satisfaction with the weight-control result is high, they have good eating habit and high self-esteem. Third, compared with the weight group and their self-esteem, in boys' case, low-weight boys are high when they do physical activities more than 20 minutes, whereas when the normal-weights and over-weights are satisfied with their weight-control result, and the obese have good eating habit, it is high. In girls' case, the self-esteem is high when the normal-weights are satisfied with their weight-control result and over-weights prefer physical activities and the obese are interested in weight-control. Especially, the obese girls group show high self-esteem when they have interest in weight-control.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of rhPMP-2 coated implants on alveolar ridge augmentation in dogs. Materials and methods: Six Beagle dogs were used in this study. Six 8.0 mm long anodized surface titanium implants were placed 5 mm into the mandibular alveolar ridge following 6 month of healing period after extraction. Each animal received three implants coated with rhBMP-2 and three uncoated control implants using the randomized split-mouth design. Radiographic examinations were undertaken immediately at implant placement (baseline), at weeks 4 and 8 after implant placement. The amount of bone augmentation was evaluated by measuring the distance from the uppermost point of the coverscrew to the marginal bone. Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) values were measured immediately at implant placement and 8 weeks after implant placement. For the statistical analysis, Man-Whitney ranksum test and Wilcoxon signed rank test of SPSS 12.0 software were used (P=.05). Results: The BMP group exhibited radiographic vertical bone augmentation about $0.6{\pm}0.7$ mm at 8 weeks later while controls showed bone loss about $0.4{\pm}0.6$ mm. There was significant difference among the rhBMP-2 group and controls in bone level change (P<.05). The ISQ values were significantly higher in the BMP-2 group than the control group at 8 weeks later (P<.05), while there was no significant difference at surgery. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the rhBMP-2 coated on anodized implant could stimulate vertical alveolar bone augmentation, which may increase implant stability significantly on completely healed alveolar ridge.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2014

This study will evaluate the effectiveness of various pretreatments when fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) post is bonded to endodontically treated tooth with resin cement. Materials and methods: Canal shaping of FRC post (DT Light post, Size 3, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) was performed on endodontically treated premolars at 1.5 cm from CEJ. Samples were divided into 6 groups of surface treatment after conventional washing and drying to the canal. Total of 24 FRC posts were randomly divided into 6 groups of surface treatment as follows: Group C: control - no surface treatment, Group A: airborne-particle abrasion (Cojet sand, 3M ESPE), Group S: silanization (Bis-silane, Bisco Inc.), Group M: universal primer (Monobond-plus primer, Ivoclar Vivadent Inc.), Group AS: silanization after airborne-particle abrasion, Group AM: universal primer treatment after airborne-particle abrasion. Pretreated fiber posts were cemented with resin-based luting material and photo-polymerized and cut to the thickness of 1 mm. Push-out test using a universal testing machine was performed. Bonding failure strength of post dislodgement was measured and the type of bonding failure was classified. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison groups were performed using Tukey HSD value of rank test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Group AS showed significantly highest bonding strength. Group S, group AM, group A, and group M showed lower bonding strength in order. The control group showed the lowest bonding strength. Conclusion: Surface treatment with silane showed to be the most effective of the surface pretreatment methods for cementation of FRC post. Surface treatment with universal primer showed no significant difference compared with no surface treatment group as for bonding strength.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.459-473
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• 2004

Recently, many children have been treated under sedation in the department of pediatric dentistry of the dental hospital of Kangnung National University, and sedation cases are increasing gradually. So, in this study. the author analyzed and studied about the characteristics of sedated pediatric dental patients and their parents with patient chart and questionnaire at first visit, from 1999 to 2002 for the purpose of making pediatric dental treatment plan more effective and the improvement of behavior management for better pediatric dentistry. The results were follows : 1. The number of total pediatric and sedative patients increased from 1999 to 2002. 2. The sedated pediatric dental patients were younger than total pediatric dental patients(p<0.001). 3. In visit frequency per month, the sedated patients showed higher percentage on March, July, November contrast to non-sedated patients(p<0.001). 4. In parental occupation, there was a significant difference between sedated patients and non-sedated patients(p<0.001). 5. Caries treatment rather than preventive care or orthodontic treatment, was primarily composed of chief complaint of sedated patients(p<0.001). 6. The sedated patients showed worse response to previous treatment than non-sedated patients, and their parents also expected worse response contrast to non-sedated patients (p>0.001). 7. The patients who were introduced, occupied 31.2% of sedated pediatric dental patients and referral by the dentist were composed of the highest percentage(58.3%). 8. In case of uncooperative child at conventional behavior management, the parents of sedated pediatric dental patients prefered to sedation(50.9%). while the parents of non-sedated patients prefered to physical restraint(54.6%) (p<0.001).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine that is widely used in pediatric dental sedation. However, its clinical effectiveness as an intravenous sedative agent in children has not been widely documented. A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous midazolam and nitrous oxide inhalation sedation in pediatric dental treatment. The subjects were 115 patients (118 cases) who received dental treatment under intravenous midazolam and nitrous oxide inhalation sedation. Demographic factors, general health status, sedation time, midazolam and nitrous oxide dosage, and success rate of sedation were evaluated from electronic medical records. Behavioral management was the main reason of choosing sedation. Mean duration of sedation was 56.7 minutes for surgical treatment, and 74.4 minutes for restorative treatment. The initial dosage of intravenous midazolam was 0.051 ± 0.019 mg/kg. In 34 cases (28.8%), additional midazolam of 0.036 ± 0.057 mg/kg was delivered during the treatment. The concentration of nitrous oxide was maintained between 40% and 50%. The success rate of sedation was 99% (n = 117). In 1 case, laryngospasm occurred and the patient was reversed with benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil. Intravenous midazolam sedation with nitrous oxide was shown to be clinically effective for the dental treatment in children, if administered by trained personnel and patients are carefully selected in accordance with guidelines.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.480-489
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• 2005

Background : Dysregulation of apoptosis plays an important role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to chemotherapy. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is considered to be the most potent caspase inhibitor of all known IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) family members. This study was designed to assess the pattern of expression and the prognostic value of XIAP in radically resected non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. Method : The expression of XIAP and its relationship with clinicopathologic parameters (patient age, TNM stage, TNM-pT, TNM-pN, histologic type, VEGF expression, microvessel density, PCNA index) and overall survival were analysed with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks from eighty cases of NSCLC. In addition, the apoptotic index (AI) was also assessed. Results : In a regard to histologic type, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) showed XIAP expression in 91.3%(42/46) and adenocarcinoma (AC) in 61.8%(21/34). The difference was significant(p=0.001). There was no correlation between XIAP expression and other parameters. In the group of AC, XIAP expression showed the signifcant correlation with older age group ${\geq}58years$ and VEGF expression(p=0.028, p=0.014, respectively). The AI in the group with or without XIAP expression were $2.5{\pm}4.9%$ and $18.5{\pm}28.9%$, respectively(p=0.001). Both groups just aforementioned showed no significant difference in median survival time (42.5 months, 29.8 months, respectively). Conclusion : This study suggests that the XIAP expression in NSCLCs could have relation to inhibition of apoptosis, and show differential expression according to histologic type. However, its prognostic role during the progression of NSCLC needs to be further defined.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2010

Purpose : The Dipslide culture test is a rapid method for diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic availability of a urine Dipslide test for evaluation of UTI in febrile children. Methods : Urine specimens from 151 febrile infants were inoculated by a routine blood agar urine culture method and the Dipslide test at the same time. Following incubation for 16-24 hours, the results of the Dipslide test were read at the next visit. Both results of Dipslide and those of routine culture were compared. Results : The mean age of subjects was 15${\pm}$10.6 months. There were 150 infants (99.3%) who had fever with a mean duration of 2.6${\pm}$2.6 days. Thirty two infants (21.2%) were diagnosed as having UTI. Sensitivity and specificity of Uricult Trio CLED medium were 59.4% and 84.8%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of Uricult Trio E. coli medium were 60.0% and 96.2%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between results of Uricult Trio CLED medium and urine culture was 0.438 (P=0.01). Correlation between results of Uricult Trio E. coli medium and urine culture was 0.617 (P=0.01). Conclusion : The Dipslide test requires only 16-24 hours with high specificity in terms of UTI caused by E. coli without the problems associated with specimen delay. This test seems to be helpful for exclusion of UTI in febrile infants and it may reduce unnecessary hospitalization and antibiotic use. However, further studies are required before the product can be recommended as a routine diagnostic tool.