• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7635-7647
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is modeling nursing competencies and reasoning out the core competencies, the ability for 20% of important actions for nursing jobs which can manage the rest 80% so that the competency-based nursing curriculum can be developed. A literature review of the vast studies regarding competencies was done to understand the concepts of competency-based curriculum, competency, and nursing competencies, identifying the relationships among each nursing competency categorized in accordance with those concepts. An exemplified concept map of core competencies for the competency-based nursing curriculum is suggested based on a thorough review of various competency modeling methodologies. The core competencies consist of base competency (theoretical/practical nursing knowledge and skills), practical competency (clinical judgment, patient education, communication, etc.), and personality competency (leadership, sense of responsibility, cooperation, etc.). The circular relationship among them can remain consistent through self-directed learning and critical thinking. Therefore, a nurse who have those core competencies is a knowledge worker, a self-directed learner, and also an effective, professional communicator. Further studies which solidify the concept of nursing competencies should be done, as well as the feedback procedures which evaluate the program outcomes and then reflect the evaluation results in the curriculum should be followed continuously.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.691-709
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• 2016

Understanding the belief of mathematics pre-service teachers is essential in conducting and designing the effective teacher education program. This study analyzed the mathematical belief of the elementary school pre-service teachers. The results of the study are as follows. First, persistence factor, which is the belief about solving mathematical problems, following teacher direction factor, which is the belief about mathematical studies, activity involvement factor, and interest factor, which is the belief about self-concept, showed much connection with other mathematical belief factors. Second, the stereotype factor, which is the belief about mathematics, are affecting the following teacher direction factor. The process factor, which is the belief about solving mathematical problems, are affecting the activity involvement factor. Third, as for the comparison of the mathematical beliefs according to grades, only the stereotype and usefulness factors, which are the beliefs about mathematics, and the benefit factor, which is the belief about self-concept, had statistically significant differences. Fourth, as for the comparison of the mathematical beliefs according to majors, all the mathematical beliefs except for the confidence factor and benefit factor, which is the belief about self-concept, had significant differences. Based on the results of this study, we need to establish the mathematical beliefs that the elementary school pre-service teachers should have, and prepare various measures such as education program for pre-service teachers and instruction-learning methods.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 1999

Nowdays many people using and learning 3D Software. However, like artists drawing by brush, that most of designers misunderstood that 3D Software is cover everything as a tool. This sort of situation, change of 3D Software will come to the front very seriously. It can be result about lack of understanding 3D in general and some kind of illusion about 3D Software. These were changing like training school that was teaching only function for technique. Therefore, to prevent above things, this research paper will be based on a conception, that compare with 3D which called cyber space and the real world. That is explanation of construction about 3D Software generally, that will basis how does people think about the world. It function of 3D Software will take concrete shape gradually, which is after general description and understanding and the users will be quick to understand, no need to difficult of access for beginners. In addition, higher education ay university is no longer training center. Lastly, it will be able to capability as an essentially figure. Nowdays many people using and learning 3D Software. However, like artists drawing by brush, that most of designers misunderstood that 3D Software is cover everything as a tool. This sort of situation, change of 3D Software will come to the front very seriously. It can be result about lack of understanding 3D in general and some kind of illusion about 3D Software. These were changing like training school that was teaching only function for technique. Therefore, to prevent above things, this research paper will be based on a conception, that compare with 3D which called cyber space and the real world. That is explanation of construction about 3D Software generally, that will basis how does people think about the world. If function of 3D Software will take concrete shape gradually, which if after general description and understanding and the users will be quick to understand, no need to difficult of access for beginners. In addition, higher education ay university is no longer training center. Lastly, it will be able to capability as an essentially figure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3071-3080
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• 2015

The increased demand on the transport of both passengers and goods through rail systems implies higher traffic intensity and congestion on the railways, resulting in greater likelihood of accidents and also degraded passenger services. To cope with the issues, development of an integrated communication network for rails has attracted great deal of attention lately. GSM-R is such an example developed in Europe, which seems to have restrictions in providing various communication services due to network speed limit. For the reason, an LTE-based approach is under study in Korea. After the network development, operation management of the network is necessary. Design of operation management systems has been studied little and thus is the objective of this paper. To do so, a conceptual design has been carried out based on model-based approach. Specifically, a context model has first been created using the use case diagram. Then, SysML models of operational scenarios were developed for the management system. The SysML models have alternatively been expressed as EFFBD models to simulate and verify them. Consequently, the result of the conceptual system design for the operation management of the integrated wireless network is expected to be used as a basis for the detailed design later.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.113-138
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• 2017

Questions of why, what, and how represent the new perspective on goal construct. This paper proposed a novel approach toward the goal construct as a dynamic decision-making process. A number of researchers have agreed that goals initiate and sustain human motivation. In spite of the consistency in emphasis on goals, there are apparent inconsistencies in definitions of goal construct across theories and research. These inconsistences hinder interdisciplinary communication about goal construct, which in turn leads to jingle-jangle fallacy. Therefore, on the basis of systematic literature review, I defined the goal construct as a multifaceted and hierarchical decision-making process to structure desired end-states. The first process is generating goals, which can be also called "why" process. During this phase, individuals generate cognitive schema about general direction of desired end-states based on the conscious and nonconscious interpretation of subjective experience. The second process is goal setting, which can be called "what" process. Here, individuals clarify contents of multiple goals and structure hierarchy and priority of them. The last process is implementing goals, "how" process. This process contains decision making about whether he/she decides to implement the goal or not and how to execute goal-directed behaviors. In the last section of this paper, I tried to suggest several practical applications of this new perspective for adolescents, who struggle with why-what-how to have goals in learning context.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.137
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• pp.323-356
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• 2016

The present study examines Nietzsche's critique of Schopenhauer with regard to the problem of morality and the basis thereof. Schopenhauer's philosophy that each written life as objectification of the will, had an important impact on the early development of Nietzsche's philosophy. But nevertheless Nietzsche criticized Schopenhauer because he denies life in the value of earthly life. Schopenhauer asserts that life is a painful matter because the blind govern all life, and pushes. But unlike Nietzsche, Schopenhauer buoyed the meaning of life, which increases again with the will to power and carry out. Of course there is some resemblance between Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, namely equiprimordiality as both distance themselves from the traditional philosophy that characterizes the man as a rational being and understands. They both destruct the idea of philosophy as a science, and try together to build another philosophical horizon. But in terms of interpretations of life and morals, they have taken different paths. According to Schopenhauer, our life is ultimately sad and agonizing. To overcome this situation, we must deny the will to live and renounce it absolutely. He believes that the moral can eliminate the displacement of the blind will to live and overcome. But in comparison, Nietzsche claims that morality or any moral act is always driven out of resentment. But this resentment is nothing more than a revenge or retribution, which was invented by the weakness. But according to Nietzsche, the feeling of resentment clear will to live. The present paper examines whether Nietzsche's moral critique of Schopenhauer is possible and if so, such a moral critique of Nietzsche can be performed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.343-365
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of learner variables on triggering state curiosity and state anxiety in confronting scientific task situation for fifth to sixth grades of elementary school. Science curiosity, interest, need for cognition, science self-concept, science anxiety, prior knowledge, and perceived difficulty were selected as learner variables that are expected to affect state curiosity and state anxiety. As a result of this study, the variables that had a significant influence on evoking state curiosity in confronting scientific task situation were in the order of interest, need for cognition, science curiosity, and prior knowledge, and all of these variables had a positive effect. In addition, the variables that significantly affect on evoking state anxiety in confronting scientific task situation were in the order of science anxiety, perceived difficulty, need for cognition, science self-concept, and prior knowledge. Of these, only prior knowledge had a negative effect on evoking state anxiety, and the other variables had a positive effect. The results of this study are expected to broaden the comprehension of students' emotional states in science education, and provide a theoretical foundation for the studies of state curiosity and state anxiety in science learning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.97-110
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• 2018

This study examined the value of the old roads and roadscapes as modern assets. Topographic maps of the two years (1916 and 1919, which were produced by the Japanese Government-General of Korea) and the digital topographic map produced in 2017, were analyzed. The total amount of roads that have survived for the past 100 years are located in 108 places and total 26.32km. After examining the remnants of the roads in YeongDo, the type of scenery experienced along the roads were classified into nine kinds. The place where a sequential scenery experience takes place due to the survival of the past, the experience is based on the transition of historical scenery, not the scenery of the present time. A new model that can preserve, manage and plan this scenery is required. Therefore, we propose a new landscape model that elevates the concept of gaze from a spatial concept to a spatiotemporal concept. Based on this model, we propose a conservation criterion of the landscape viewed on the road as a viewpoint. As a modern asset for the next 100 years of YeongDo, it is necessary to understand and preserve the meaning of the landscape and roadside scenery as a transit landscape network. The remnant of roads from 100 years ago suggests that the scenery on the road was has been maintained, and it is the historical landscape of the YeongDo area. Through the landscape conservation plan proposed in this study, it is expected that the historical roads and their landscape will be positioned as a modern asset and an aspect of local heritage, and the future conservation and management of the roads and roadscapes will continue.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.36
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• pp.403-432
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• 2009

In this paper, I examined two things. First explore the of the reality(眞) in poems written on paintings and discussion on paintings in men of letters of Pre-chosun dynasty, furthemore, it analyzes the meaning and thought. To explain it, I would like to analyse the discourse surrounding the reality(眞) in poems written on paintings and discussion on paintings, and concept of the borrowing(假) and the unreal(幻). First of all, I examine the ways that the view of nature of Confucians is pertinent to the abiding in reverence and the investigation of principles of confucians, also painting is necessarry condition for their moral and spiritual self-cultivation. In the discourse surrounding the reality, it is to suggest from 'natural reality (天眞)' to escape from the reality(眞), and proceeds to examine the transformation of reality(眞) in mind(人心). Furthermore I examine the meaning of transform and delicate difference between borrowing(假) and the unreal(幻). In this process, concept of the borrowing(假) and the unreal(幻) is divided into the two meaning. False(假) is to become the Borrowing and painting, the unreal(幻) is change into the act of recognition. In conclusion, I examined the significant transformation of the reality(眞) and the unreal(幻). The reality(眞) has been recognized as a important concept, it is diverged into the Nature, outer things and painting mind, and the object of ultimate value in appreciation and painting of Pre-chosun dynasty.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.221-235
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the learning effects according to the level of Science State Curiosity (SSC) and Science State Anxiety (SSA) in science learning situation for 5th~6th grade elementary school students. To achieve this purpose, we measured and analyzed SSC and SSA in each learning situation by dividing science learning into three situations: Confronting scientific task (I), Checking the results (II), and Learning science concepts (III). In order to identify the net effects of SSC and SSA on learning effects, science curiosity, need for cognition, science self-concept, science anxiety, and interest, which were expected to affect the learning effects, were controlled. SSC and SSA in the situation of confronting scientific tasks were defined as 'SSCI' and 'SSAI,' SSC and SSA in the situation of checking the results were defined as 'SSCII' and 'SSAII,' and SSC and SSA in the situation of learning science concepts were defined as 'SSCIII' and 'SSAIII.' In addition, the learning effects were divided into post-learning effect and delayed post-learning effect, and the degree of improvements in the post- or delayed post-test scores compared to the pre-test score were calculated and analyzed. As a result of the analysis, SSCI·SSCII had a positive effect on the post- and the delayed post-learning effect, but SSAIII had a negative effect on the post- and delayed post-learning effect, SSAI·SSAII had a negative effect on the post-learning effect. SSC had a greater effect on learning effects than SSA, and SSCII had the most influence on the post-learning effect and SSCI had the most influence on the delayed post-learning effect. As SSCIII increased, there was a tendency to do additional voluntary learning. The results of this study are expected to broaden the understanding of students' emotional states in science learning and provide a theoretical foundation for studies of state curiosity and state anxiety.