• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.379-385
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• 2010

This study was carried out to develop cultivation techniques of Climacium japonicum in transparent pot. We analyzed effect of different soil moisture content, air exposure degree, bed soil and ground cover moss on the growth of Climacium japonicum. The best humidity condition in transparent pot culture was 60~80% and a mixture of bed soil with peatmoss : perlite as 7:3 ratio was effective to growth. Two holes(each diameter is 4 mm) in the cover were also effective to the growth and control moisture in the transparent pot. The best mixture of bed soil was moss with peatmoss : pelite(7:3) in the pot culture but price of moss is expensive, the moss treatment was not practical. Total of 10 moss species were selected as ground cover plant; Hypnum erectiusculum Sull. et Lesq., Thuidium kanedae Sak., Hypnum plumaeforme Wils., Trachycystis microphylla Lindb., Bryum argenteum Hedw., Hypnum oldhamii Jaeg., Funaria hygrometrica Hedw., Leucobryum glaucum Aongstr., Polytrichum commune Hedw. and Weissia controversa Hedw. The plant height of selected moss was smaller than that of Climacium japonicum so these moss were very effective to cover the ground.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2008

The in vitro thrombin inhibitory activities of 304 crude extracts from 76 kinds of korean wild insects were evaluated. Measurement of thrombin time showed that the DMSO extracts of Acrida cinerea cinerea (Thunberg), Anax parthenope julius Brauer, Eurydema rugosa Motschulsky, and Stethophyma magister (Rehn) and the water extracts of Dolycoris baccarum Linne, Lixus divaricatus Motschulsky, Metrioptera bonneti, Moechotypa diphysis (Pascoe), Nicrophorus concolor sp., and Tomapoderus ruficollis (Fabricius) had strong thrombin inhibitory activity. No prominent changes of activated partial thromboplastin time by treatment of the selected extracts suggested direct inhibition of thrombin activity by the insect extracts. DPPH scavenging activity of selected extracts showed that the extract of A. cinerea cinerea (Thunberg), D. baccarum Linne, L. divaricatus Motschulsky and N. concolor sp. has good antioxidant activity as well as antithombin activity. Our results suggested that some of korean wild insects could be developed as a natural source of antithrombosis.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.409-415
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• 2010

In this study, the bioactivities of ethanol (EELS) and water extract (WELS) from the leaf of Lythrum salicaria L. were investigated. In the anti-cancer activity, the growths of both human prostate cancer (DU145) and human colonic carcinoma cell (HT29) were inhibited up 60% by adding 10 mg/$m{\ell}$ of EELS. Anti-inflammatory activity of EELS and WELS have been evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced release of nitric oxide (NO) by the macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. EELS and WELS inhibited inflammatory by 57.3 and 46.9% in 10 mg/$m{\ell}$, respectively. In the anti-oxidative activity, $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activity was respectively 60.71 and $92.90\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by EELS and WELS. In the anti-diabetic activity, $IC_{50}$ of ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of EELS and WELS were respectively 5,250 and $5,020\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. $IC_{50}$ of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was 7.96 and $68.41\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by EELS and WELS. In the anti-obesity, $IC_{50}$ of lipase inhibitory activity was 880 and $9,840\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by EELS and WELS. Finally, EELS and WELS exhibited anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic activity and anti-obesity. It suggests that Lythrum salicaria L. could be potentially used as a resource of bioactive materials for health functional foods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.72 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1986

The taxonomy of the broad-leaf evergreen trees (4 genera, 5 species) of Lauraceae was studied by the morphological characteristics of stipules. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) The stipules of Lauraceae were arranged alternately with 5-31 stipules of simple leaf. The venations or stipules were basal reticulate and pinnated vein. The shapes of stipule blade were oblong, oblanceolate, rhomboid and oval. The stipule apex was acuminate and obtuse, the stipule base was attenuate, and the stipule margin was entire margin. The trichomes of stipules were sericeous, tomentose and villous. The five species of Lauraceae could be identified by the morphological characteristics of stipules. 2) The morphologically changing forms of stipule vein were classified into three groups; A form - the form of pinnate vein with the distinguished main vein (lozoste lancifolia), B form - the three vein grows into the form of basal reticulate vein (Neolitsea sericea, Cinnamomum japonicum and C. camphora), C form - the parallel vein grows into the form of basal reticulate vein (Marhilus thunbergii). 3) The changing forms of stipule's width from stipule "a" to "j" were three forms; (1) a>d>g>j form: C. japonicum, C. camphora and I. lancifolia, (2) a>cj,(aj,(a

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.577-585
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• 1996

To seek effective methods for evaluating air pollution and acid rain injury, artificial acid mist(pH 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5) and ground water(pH 6.5) were treated on the potted seedlings of Ligustrum obtusifolium, Cercis chinensis, Hibiscus syriacus and Sophora japonica. Leaf chlorophyll contents, characteristics of leaf-injury, wettability-measurement of diameter of water-droplets on the leaf surface-among treatments were investigated. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Chlorophyll contents of Ligustrum obtusifolium and Hibiscus syriacus measured on June 3 were highest in pH 2.5 plot, but those of Cercis chinensis and Sophora japonica were relatively low level. Chlorophyll contents of Ligustrum obtusifolium measured on August 24 was highest in pH 2.5 plot, but those of Cercis chinensis, Hibiscus syriacus and Sophora japonica were highest in the control. 2. Changes of chlorophyll contents with acid mist treatments were differed among tree species. 3. For all the tested species, leaf injury(injured leaf number and rate, and injured leaf area) increased with decreasing pH levels of acid mist. 4. Leaf tissue injury seemed to be related with the wettability of the leaf surface. Measurement of diameter of water-droplets on the leaf surface might be useful criteria for acid rain or acid mist injury for the glabrous leaved species, such as, Cercis chinensis, Sophora japonica, etc.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2011

The morphological characters of Scrophularia kakudensis Franch. and its relatives were examined. The major features of S. kakudensis were determined to resolve the taxonomic confusion with the closely related taxa of S. kakudensis var. microphylla, S. pilosa and S. cephalantha. S. kakudensis is characterized by its flowering in Jul. to Sep., the node numbers on a stem, the size of the leaves, the development of inflorescences and the presence of glandular trichomes on its stems and leaves. S. cephalantha is distinct from S. kakudensis by the earlier flowering season, fewer node numbers on a stem, and fewer numbers of flowers on shorter rachis. Smaller sizes of S. kakudensis var. microphylla, considered to be a problematic character previously, are stable and distinctive from other taxa in the natural habitats of the multiple populations investigated in the study. Therefore, the taxon should remain as a variety of S. kakudensis. An examination of the diagnostic characteristics of S. pilosa, such as its inflorescence type and the presence of a stem with pubescence, does not provide sufficient distinction from S. kakudensis. A type specimen and habitat survey also support the merging of the two taxa. S. pilosa should be treated as a synonym of S. kakudensis, because it is considered to be a misidentification of S. kakudensis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.26 no.3 s.72
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• pp.123-132
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• 1987

Vertical distribution of ants were studied in Jiri mountain by collecting 15 times at 42 sites for 3 years since 1984. 31 species of 16 genera in 3 subfamilies were collected during the survey. The following 6 species, i.e., Formica japonica, F. lemani, Lasius niger, L. alienus, Pheidole fervida and Myrmica ruginodis were dorminant one, but 9 species such as Leptothorax congruus, Pheidole nodus, Aphanogaster japonica, Jollenhovia emeryi, Camponotus tokioensis, Polyrhachis lamellidens, Phagiolepsis mandjurica, myrmica yessensis and M. sulcinodis were rare species. The ant of Jiri mountain consisted of 16 species in Formicinae, 13 species in Myrmicinae and 2 species in Ponerinae. Ponerinae was distbriuted as far as 1,800m, but Myrmicinae and Formicinae to 1,915m. Only 8 species-Myrmica ruginosis, Myrmica sp., M. yessensis, M. sulcinodis, Leptothorax acevorum, Formica japonica, F. lemani and Camponotus japonicus-were collected at the submit of Jiri mountain, Cheonwangbong. The vertical distribution of C. atrox was ranged from 800m to 1,800m.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2004

Numerical measurements were made for fresh weight, body length and width, head width, and color and length of antenna of Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus adults, a primary vector of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Korea. We measured 563 females and 601 males that emerged out of dead pine logs from 2001 to 2002. General linear model analysis showed that measurements of fresh weight, body length, and body width were significantly higher in females than in males. Head width was not significantly different between sexes. Antennal length of males was significantly longer than that of females. For females and males respectively, average fresh weights were 0.305g and 0.277g, body lengths 20.97mm and 19.93mm, body widths 6.52mm and 6.18mm, head widths 3.78mm and 3.70mm, and antennal lengths 31.19mm and 45.49 mm. Antennal length or ratio of antennal length to body length overlapped in some ranges between 2 sexes. Therefore antennal length itself or ratio of antennal length to body length could not be used as a definite criterion to discriminate sexes. However, check on color of the antennae of 4,033 adults revealed without exception that basal part of every segment of flagellum of female antenna was covered with whitish-grey hairs, while whole part of every segment of male flagellum was covered with brownish-black hairs. This characteristics might be a best way to differentiate sex of this species.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.817-823
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• 1999

Background: The prevalence of allergic disease has increased substantially over the past decades. The reasons for these trends are complex but include increased environmental allergen exposure. Environmental control measures are of particular importance in the prevention and management of allergic disease. Thus, we purposed to evaluate the changes of causative allergens in allergic patients in Chonbuk provincial area that began industralized recently. Method: To evaluate the allergens epidemiologically, we performed skin prick tests and RAST in 201 allergic patients from February, 1984 to February, 1985 and 339 patients from February, 1997 to February, 1998. Results: The Following results were obtained. 1) Total sensitization rates did not change significantly(74.2% vs 75.8%, p=0.664). 2) Positive reaction rates to pollens were similar(35.8% vs 30.1%, p=0.17). 3) Positive rates to HDM(house dust mite) were decreased(66.1% vs 56.3%, p=0.02). 4) Positive rates to fungi and animal danders were decreased significantly(p<0.001). Conclusion : Environmental allergens associated with hygine in Chonbuk provincial areas such as HDM and fungi are decreased significantly during 13 years.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.70-80
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• 1989

This study was conducted to investigate the user's effects on the avifauna in Kaya Mountain National Park. The survey was carried over 3 districts which were divided with main trail(valley), subtrail(valley), unused trail(ridge) by line transect method from April to October 1989. The observed birds were 29 species and 527 individuals. these consist of 20 species for residents, 7 species for summer visitor 1 species for winter visitor, 1 species for passage migrant. The average density of birds was 2.44 ea/ha, and main dominant species were Parus major minor, Garrulus gtandarius brandtii, Parus palustris hellmayri, Parus varius and Sitta europaea amurenis in order. The observed frequency of wild birds was 8.42 times/km in average. No. of species, no. of individuals, density, species diversity and observed frequency of summer were lower than spring in 3 survey routes. Therefore, from now, in Kaya Mountain National Park management, the enjoyment oriented activities will be regulated and control of trail use on main trail are necessary during breeding periods for wild birds protection, especially in summer. To investigate the use or not of artificial nests, 35 artificial nests were selected. The results of this survey showed that many wild birds prefered mixed nest in column shaped to wooden nests. The rightful installation and manegement for invitation and increase of wild birds was necessary.