• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.203-208
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of marshalling work using ATC(automated transfer crane) for ACT(automated container terminal). It is important fact to assignment of containers, because the character of ACT which block layout is vertical for berth and there are four other works which are inbound, oubound, loading and unloading in one block. And then there is need which assignment of containers with remarshaling work using ATCs in one block. Therefore, we analyze the efficiency of remarshaling work using simulation and suggest the assignment methodology of containers in yard

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1758-1764
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• 2006

컨테이너 터미널 간의 치열한 경쟁, 대형 선박의 출현, 컨테이너 터미널 운영의 자동화 등으로 인해서 세계 각국에서는 많은 컨테이너 터미널들을 건설 중이다. 컨테이너 터미널의 건설에는 아주 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되기 때문에 컨테이너 터미널을 효율적으로 설계하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 컨테이너 터미널의 엔지니어링 프로세스를 지원하기 위해서 개발된 소프트웨어 시스템 TODAY(Terminal Optimization, Design, and Analysis sYstem)에 대해 다루고자 한다. 먼저 설계 프로세스를 제안하였다. 설계 프로세스는 데이터 입력, 능력 소요 계산, 대안 설계, 대안 평가, 결과 출력으로 구성된다. 대안을 신속히 설계하고 평가하기 위해서 컨테이너 터미널 전용 라이브러리가 개발되었다. 라이브러리는 Wharf, Yard, TravellingArea, Gate로 구성된다. 라이브러리의 구조는 객체 지향적으로 설계하여 확장성과 재사용성을 가지게 하였다. 시스템은 사용자에게 친숙한 인터페이스와 CAD 환경을 제공하여, 다양한 유형의 컨테이너 터미널 모형들이 데이터 입력과 라이브러리 구성요소의 조합에 의해 구성될 수 있도록 지원한다. 생성된 대안 모형들은 시뮬레이션과 경제성 모형에 의해 평가된다. 시스템은 생성된 모형을 시뮬레이션 모형으로 자동 변환하는 기능을 제공한다. 피드백 과정을 거쳐서 최종적으로 사용자의 요구사항을 만족시키는 대안이 제시된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.253-254
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• 2007

오늘날 자동화 컨테이너 터미널은 대부분 AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle) 기반의 무인이송시스템을 운영하고 있다. AGV는 컨테이너의 상하차 작업 시 타장비의 도움을 필요로 한다. 이로 인하여 장비 간 대기시간이 발생하며, 이는 생산성을 떨어뜨리는 요인이 된다. 이와 같은 문제점을 해결한 무인이송장비로 ALV(Automated Lifting Vehicle)가 있다. ALV는 자가하역기능이 있어 타장비의 도움 없이 상하차 작업이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 시뮬레이션을 통하여 각 이송시스템의 생산성을 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션은 이송시스템의 배차 방식과 안벽장비의 종류를 다양하게 설정하고, 무인이송장비의 가감속 운동 및 충돌을 고려하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 소수의 경우를 제외하고는 ALV 기반의 이송시스템이 AGV 기반의 이송시스템보다 높은 생산성을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.154-162
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• 2010

A simulation technique is very useful method to analyze the performance on various engineering area. To automate port systems, we have need of simulation to analyze an effect of assigning and operating devices. Thus we propose simulation methodology to be applied to an analysis, evaluation, planning for port automation. To do this, we have adopted the discrete event system specification based system entity structure / model base framework for modeling and simulation environment. We have performed modeling and simulation on entities of port systems such as container crane, yard tractor, transfer crane, etc. The proposed methodology has an advantage being able to effectively simulate on alternatives of composition and operation strategy for port systems. Some case studies will show the validity of proposed simulation methodology.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.279-287
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• 2006

최근 컨테이너 터미널의 생산성 향상을 위한 자동화가 국내외에서 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 자동화 컨테이너 터미널의 주요 자원을 효율정으로 운영하는 방안에 대한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 자동화 수평 장치장을 대상으로 ATC 작업 할당 휴리스틱과 YT 배정 휴리스틱을 조합하여 시뮬레이션으로 평가해 본다. 더불어 효율적인 장치 전략과 YT 풀링 범위를 알아보고자 한다. 실험 결과 연구되는 본선 작업들을 두 기의 ATC가 하나씩 번갈아 가며 수행하도록 컨테이너를 분산 장치하고 ATC의 작업 예상 완료 시각을 고려하여 마감 시각이 가장 빠른 작업을 우선 처리하는 작업 할당 휴리스틱과 터미널 전체에서 가장 먼저 올 수 있는 YT에 작업을 배정하는 휴리스틱 조합이 가장 효율적 이었다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2022

An important operational goal of a container terminal is to maximize the efficiency of the operation of quay cranes (QCs) that load and/or unload containers onto and from vessels. While the maximization of the efficiency of the QC operation requires minimizing the delay of yard tractors (YT) that transport containers between the storage yard and QCs, the delay is often inevitable because of traffic congestion. In this paper, we propose a method for learning a model that predicts traffic speed in a terminal using only YT operation data, even though the YT traffic is mixed with that of external trucks. Without any information on external truck traffic, we could still make a reasonable traffic forecast because the YT operation data contains information on the YT routes in the near future. The results of simulation experiments showed that the model learned by the proposed method could predict traffic speed with significant accuracy.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.10 s.96
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• pp.891-897
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• 2004

This paper provided a simulation model for transport vehicles that carry container from the ship to yard block and vice versa at automated container terminal with a perpendicular yard layout. Usually, the efficiency of container terminal is evaluated by the productivity of container cranes at apron, and the stevedoring system for transport vehicles and yard cranes should be supported enough to improve productivity of container cranes. Especially, transport vehicle is very important factor in the productivity of container cranes and the performance of transport vehicles are changed according to the number and traveling type of vehicles. For these reason, a method that can estimate productivity of transport vehicle is required Finally, we developed the simulation model to analyze the productivity of transport vehicle and presented the productivity of container cranes for a varying operation of transport vehicles.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-109
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to analyze the container terminal operation by considering the key factors that fluctuates the container traffic volume using the System Dynamics (SD) method. The target area of this study is the 'A' container terminal which is located in the Port of Incheon and the simulation period is from 2004 to 2020. As evaluation indexes for container terminal operation, three factors such as 'total sales', 'operating ratio of C/Y' and 'operating ratio of G/C' are selected, and as for the key factors of fluctuating container traffic volume, 'variation ratio of world trade', 'variation ratio of trade among three countries in North-East Asia' and 'variation ratio of won-dollar rate are used. As of 2020, the result of this study is that import-export container traffic volume increases almost 880,000TEU and total sales and operating ratio of G/C each reach 7.1 bilion won and 65 percent. No changes however in loadage and operating ratio of C/Y in 'A' container terminal are indicated. The reason is that capability of C/Y is exceeded. Therefore this study suggest that decision-makers of 'A' container terminal realize the importance of additional space of C/Y.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2002

This paper deals with the development of a simulation model for the container terminal, which consists of 3 berths, 8 container cranes, and 16 yard blocks with each yard crane and 90 yard trucks in order to evaluate the various operational rules. The proposed operational rules are 3 ship-dispatching rules, 3 berth allocation rules, 2 crane allocation rules, 2 yard allocation rules, and 2 yard truck allocation rules. These rules are simulated using 4 performance measures, such as ship time in the terminal, ship time in the port, the number of ships processed, and the number of containers handled. The simulation result is as follows: 1) there is no difference among 3 ship-dispatching rules, 2) berth allocation rules depend on performance measures, 3) dynamic crane allocation is better than fixed policy, 4) pooling yard allocation is better than short distance yard allocation rules, and 5) fixed yard truck allocation by berth is a little better than pooling policy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.82-83
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• 2012

To achieve higher customer service, the operational efficiency of container terminal is important. So, to improve loading/unloading speed and reduce the time spending of berth, efficient ship planning is performed in advance. But, the condition of container terminal can be changed frequently and the pre-planning is not enough to operate container terminal sufficiently, so that we need real-time planning. This paper aims to define the problem of job reallocation of quay crane to minimize total operation time, and find the solution.