• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.347-353
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• 2013

This study was conducted to provide dental hygiene students with an opportunity which let them learn and have responsibility on bioethical perception by carrying out a survey for bioethical perception by personality types targeting 519 dental hygiene students. The study results were as follows: 1. Generally, in personality types, gender affects friendliness. Also, significant difference was shown in conscientiousness by age and practical experience. From finance point of view, significant difference was shown in neuroticism, extroversion, conscientiousness and openness, however, they did not satisfy test for equality of variances. 2. Generally, in bioethical perception, gender affects embryos right to life significantly (p <0.001) and considerable difference was appeared in intrauterine insemination by age. Significant differences were shown in embryos right to life by grade and whether students have practical experiences or not was the key factor which lead considerable difference in abortion. 3. In correlation of variances for personality types and bioethical perception, only friendliness and embryos right to life had weak correlation of 0.119. 4. In personality types affecting bioethical perception, friendlier personality had strong influence on embryos right to life. From this study, it can be concluded that bioethical perception could be affected by five personality types although they are not conclusive indicators which provide all the information.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5672-5681
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to test the correlation of ethical values and perception of biomedical ethics in nursing students. Data was collected from September 10th to October 5th 2012, was analyzed using the t-test, the one-way ANOVA, the Scheffe, the Multiple regression and Pearson's correlation. The average point of consciousness of biomedical ethics was 2.98(${\pm}0.2$). The highest score of 3.27(${\pm}0.5$) was seen in the category of the ethics for 'right to life of the fetus', the lowest score of 2.70(${\pm}0.4$) was seen in the 'organ transplantation'. As a result of analyzing on general and specific aspects, the difference was found in gender and ethical values(F=6.148, p=<.001). In gender, the score of biomedical ethics(r=0.108, p=.003) and ethical values(r=-0.185, p=.002) were showing a positive correlation. The predictors of biomedical ethics was gender(${\beta}$=0.205, t=3.399, p=<.001), the possibility of biomedical ethics problems depend on the development of science (${\beta}$=0.142, t=2.261, p=0.025) and ethical values(${\beta}$=0.189, t=3.119, p=0.002). These results can provide a basic data to enhance the consciousness of biomedical ethics and establish a educational program of biomedical ethics for nursing students.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2007

Purpose : Childhood primary VUR is generally diagnosed after urinary tract infection, is more prevalent among girls and has a low spontaneous resolution rate in cases of severe VUR. The aim of the present study is to examine the age and gender-related characteristics and the spontaneous resolution rate of infantile primary VUR. Methods : The medical records of 96 infants with primary VUR, diagnosed after their first UTI, were retrospectively reviewed(1995-2004). The clinical characteristics including gender, the degree of VUR and presence of renal scars were evaluated. The spontaneous resolution rate and contributing factors were also analyzed Results : Infantile primary VUR was more prevalent in males than females. The percentage of atrophic scarred kidney was significantly higher in males than females(17.2% vs 3.4%) (P<0.05). The cumulative spontaneous resolution rate in 3 years was very high(89.1%), and was not significantly different between gender and among VUR grades. But in the first year, the spontaneous resolution rate of severe refluxing ureters was significantly higher in males than in females(46.2% vs 7.1%)(P<0.05) and the spontaneous resolution rate of refluxing ureters with no scarred kidneys was significantly higher than those associated with atrophic scarred kidneys(76.6% vs 20%)(P<0.05). Conclusion : Infantile Primary VUR was more prevalent among males and tends to be associated with atrophic scarred kidneys In male infants. The cumulative spontaneous resolution rate in 3 years was very high, even in high-grade VUR and associated atrophic scarred kidneys. In infantile primary VUR, surgery should be withheld even in infants with high-grade VUR with atrophic scarred kidneys.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.227-233
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• 2019

This study surveyed the dental hygiene and health science students in order to grasp the bioethics consciousness from June to July 2018 and to provide basic data for the development of the bioethics curriculum. Correlation between fetal right of life and artificial insemination awareness was significant in gender(r=0.241), religion(r=-0.176), and department(r=-0.160). Correlation between awareness of organ donation and organ transplantation was significant in grade(r=0.129), religion(r=-0.098), bio ethics educ ation(r=0.235). Correlation of euthanasia perception was significant in religion (r=0. 139), bioethics education(r=-0.157). As a result, To establish an ethical view that is desirable for health college students, Necessary to develop a curriculum and to sys tematically run education programs by analyzing the factors that affect biomedical ethics.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cord blood adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and their effect on fetal growth and insulin resistance in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Cord blood adiponectin and IGF-I were compared between mothers with GDM (GDM group, N=53) and controls (non-GDM group, N=101). Neonates were classified into three groups of small for gestational age (SGA, N=26), appropriate for gestational age (AGA, N=97), and large for gestational age (LGA, N=31) by birth weight. The association between cord adiponectin and IGF-I levels was evaluated in relation to maternal and neonatal clinical data. Results: Cord adiponectin was lower in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in cord adiponectin among the SGA, AGA, and LGA groups in the GDM group (P=0.228). The cord adiponectin of AGA in the GDM group was significantly lower than that in the non-GDM group (P<0.001). The most powerful predictor affecting cord adiponectin was the result of maternal 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The cord IGF-I values between the GDM group and the non-GDM group were not different (P=0.834). Neonates with the heavier birth weight had the higher cord IGF-I levels. The most powerful predictor affecting cord IGF-I was birth weight and the next was maternal parity. Conclusion: Both cord blood adiponectin and IGF-I were associated with fetal growth, but IGF-I was a more general and direct factor affecting fetal body size, and adiponectin seemed to have more association with insulin sensitivity than growth.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.193-202
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• 1984

Clinical and statistical observations were performed on 1,930 cases of pregnant women who were admitted for delivery in the Department of Obstetrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital during 1 year (1982) and on 1,961 cases of neonates who were born to the former. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Concerning maternal age distribution, the commonest age group was that of $25{\sim}29$ and the proportion of the age group $20{\sim}29$ was 82.4% of all. 2. Concerning obstetrical history, the proportion of the women who had no prior experience of delivery nor abortion was the highest, 45.5%. 3. Concerning abortion history, 36.1% of the women had experienced it and the mean number was 1.8. 4. Type of delivery was as follows: Spontaneous delivery; 58.1%, Vacuum extracted delivery; 22.4%, Cesarean section; 18:8%, Breech delivery; 0.7%. 5. Gestational period distribution of the neonates was as follows: Under 37 weeks (Preterm); 7.1%, Between 38 and 42 weeks (Term); 87.2%, More than 43 weeks (Postterm); 5.7%. 6. Sex ratio of male to female of the neonates was 1.03:1. 7. Birth weight distribution was as follows: Under 2,500gm.; 9.0%, Between 2,501 and 4,000 gm.; 85.5%, More than 4,001gm.; 5.5%. 8. The measured growth data of neonates were as follows: Body weight; 3.28kg. for male, 3.18kg. for female, Body height; 50.40cm for male, 49.77cm for female, Chest circumference; 32.54cm for male. 32.17cm for female, Head circumference; 33.49cm for male, 33.11cm for female. 9. The mean values of Apgar score per 1 minute were 7.70 for male and 7.63 for female. 10. The incidence rate of neonatal jaundice was 50.0% and no difference in sex respectively, but more prevalent in preform baby. 11. The incidence rate of neonatal diseases was 8.9% and the commonest disease was neonatal infection (35.6%). 12. Concerning multiple pregnancy, ratio to single births was 1 : 64.3 and the sex ratio of male to female was 1 : 1.03. 13. The incidence rate of congenital anomaly was 2.4% and the commonest anomaly was digestive system anomaly (30.9%). 14. The neonatal mortality rate was 11.73 per 1,000 neonates, and the majority of neonatal deaths were in low birth weight and preform neonates (78.3%). 15. The causes of neonatal deaths in decreasing order of frequency were abnormal ventilation (39.1%), prematurity (30.4%), congenital anomaly (13.0%) and etc.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.722-728
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was designed to examine the effects of adiponectin, leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding protein (BP)-3 levels in cord blood on weight, length, and adiposity at birth in healthy term infants. In addition, we evaluated the mechanism to change the hormone levels in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) during the first month. Methods : We collected cord blood from 200 term neonates (109 males, 91 females) with no perinatal problems, and measured the hormone levels and anthropometric parameters including weight, length, and skin-fold thickness. Term neonates were divided into 3 groups as follows: birth weight appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (n=132), birth weight less for gestational age (SGA) (n=29), and birth weight more for gestational age (LGA) (n=39). Venous blood samples of 15 fullterm healthy neonates were obtained at 3, 7, and 30 d after birth. Results : The adiponectin, insulin, and IGF-I levels were significantly lower in the SGA group than in the AGA and LGA groups. The leptin levels were significantly higher in the LGA group than in the AGA and SGA groups. Cord blood adiponectin, leptin, insulin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 levels correlated significantly and positively with birth weight and the sum of the skin-fold thickness. A significant positive correlation was observed between adiponectin, leptin, and IGF-I levels and birth weight. Adiponectin level correlated significantly with that leptin level (r=0.191, P=0.038), but not with insulin, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. IGF-I levels were higher in females than in males. At 7 d after birth, the leptin level decreased along with physiologic weight loss, and then increased. IGF-I, also decreased at 3 d, significantly increased 1 month later. Conclusion : We suggest that adiponectin, leptin, insulin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 play an important role in regulating fetal growth. Adiponectin may be involved in regulating fetal growth through mechanisms different from those mediated by insulin or IGF-I. High levels of IGF-I in female neonates indicates a gender difference which serves as evidence for in utero sexual dimorphism. It is likely that IGF-I has a more important role than that of hormones in postnatal growth.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.826-831
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• 2005

Purpose : This study is directed to evaluate standardized developmental test performances of infants and children who, as fetuses, had mild isolated cerebral ventriculomegaly diagnosed by ultrasound. Methods : All prenatal sonographic findings from 2001 to 2002 were evaluated. Live isolated mild ventriculomegaly(IMVM) of 10-15 mm were observed in 95 cases(1.1 percent). Standardized developmental testing of 40 cases of IMVM and 36 cases in a comparison group were offered to parents Both groups of children were adjusted to normal antepatum subjects with respect to sex, race, indication for ultrasound and gestational age at the time of ultrasound. Test of cognitive and motor development(Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition; BSID-II) were administered by developmental examiners. Results : Forty cases and 34 comparison sujects completed the testing. The IMVM and comparison groups were similar with respect to parental age, gestational age, birth weight, familial socioeconomic status. The IMVM subjects scored lower than the comparison group on both the BSID-II, but there was not statistically significant. differences; metal development index(MDI)($92.7{\pm}12.9$ vs $94.7{\pm}14.1$, P=0.47) and psychomotor development index(PDI)($100.3{\pm}14.1$ vs $101.3{\pm}10.7$, P=0.75). Eleven cases(27.5 percent) of IMVM group and five cases(14.7 percent) of the comparison group were developmentally delayed, but most cases in both groups showed mild delays. Resolution or lack of progression, lateral ventricle diameter ${\leq}12mm$ and females were associated with better scores, but there were not statistically significant. Polarity, and head circumference were not related to later development. Conclusion : This study show children with MIVM did not delay performance in the developmental test, but we might suggest a tendency to increase the risk of mild developmental delay.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.455-462
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• 2023

During pregnancy, maternal immune activation (MIA) from infection increases the risk of neurodevelopmental diseases, including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. MIA induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in animal experiments has led to offspring with abnormal behaviors and brain development. In addition, it has recently been reported that microglia, which reside in the brain and function as immune cells, play an important role in behavioral abnormalities and brain development in MIA-induced offspring. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether microglia-specific inhibition of GPR56, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, causes behavioral abnormalities in brain development. First, MIA induction did not affect the microglia population, but when examining the expression of microglial GRP56 in MIA-induced fetuses, GPR56 expression was inhibited between embryonic days 14.5 (E14.5) and E18.5 regardless of sex. Furthermore, microglial GPR56-suppressed mice showed abnormal behaviors in the MIA-induced offspring, including sociability deficits, repetitive behavioral patterns, and increased anxiety levels. Although abnormal cortical development such as that in the MIA-induced offspring were not observed in the microglial GPR56-suppressed mice, their brain activity was observed through c-fos staining. These results suggest that microglia-specific GPR56 deficiency may cause abnormal behaviors and could be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and/or as a therapeutic target of behavioral deficits in MIA offspring.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2011

This study evaluated the effect of recipient's breed on the gestation length and birth weight of Hanwoo calves produced by Hanwoo ovum pick up (OPU) derived embryos. Embryos of OPU derived Hanwoo cows were transferred into the Hanwoo and Holstein recipients at 6~7 days of estrus cycle. Gestation length was expressed in days from the day of embryo transfer to the birth day of offspring, and birth weight of offspring was recorded within 24 h of birth. Breed of recipient cows (Hanwoo and Holstein) has no effect on overall gestation length ($280.9{\pm}6.2$ vs. $284.4{\pm}9.8$ days) and birth weight of calves ($23.56{\pm}3.75$ vs. $27.70{\pm}7.92\;kg$). The gestation length was higher (p<0.05) for male calves than female calves in both Hanwoo ($283.8{\pm}6.7$ vs. $277.3{\pm}3.3$ days) and Holstein ($287.3{\pm}8.9$ vs. $280.1{\pm}9.1$ days) recipient cows. Birth weight of Hanwoo calves did not differ when Hanwoo recipients ($26.5{\pm}1.3$ vs. $23.3{\pm}1.2\;kg$) were used for embryo transfer. However, male calves were heavier (p<0.05) at birth than that of female calves when embryos were transferred into the Holstein cow ($33.5{\pm}4.9$ vs. $27.8{\pm}4.9\;kg$). In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that breed of recipient cows have no effect on gestation length and birth weight of OPU derived Hanwoo calves. However, gestation length and birth weight of male calves were higher in both Hanwoo and Holstein recipient cows.